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Questions and Answers
The Bering Land Bridge theory is considered the most definitively proven theory for the arrival of people in the Americas due to the extensive evidence supporting it.
The Bering Land Bridge theory is considered the most definitively proven theory for the arrival of people in the Americas due to the extensive evidence supporting it.
True (A)
The Old World is a term that historically encompasses the continents of North America and South America.
The Old World is a term that historically encompasses the continents of North America and South America.
False (B)
The Age of Discovery was primarily motivated by the pursuit of spices, silks, and novel agricultural products.
The Age of Discovery was primarily motivated by the pursuit of spices, silks, and novel agricultural products.
True (A)
The Columbian Exchange describes the process of exchanging goods and populations exclusively within the Old World nations.
The Columbian Exchange describes the process of exchanging goods and populations exclusively within the Old World nations.
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Haciendas in New Spain were large land grants awarded to Spanish conquistadors.
Haciendas in New Spain were large land grants awarded to Spanish conquistadors.
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Encomiendas were grants of land given to hacienda owners, separate from the labor associated with them.
Encomiendas were grants of land given to hacienda owners, separate from the labor associated with them.
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Amerigo Vespucci's voyages led him to conclude that New Spain was actually an island, not a continent.
Amerigo Vespucci's voyages led him to conclude that New Spain was actually an island, not a continent.
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New Spain's territorial extent included regions such as Mexico, the Caribbean islands, Central America, and a significant portion of the Southwestern United States.
New Spain's territorial extent included regions such as Mexico, the Caribbean islands, Central America, and a significant portion of the Southwestern United States.
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"New Spain" was a designation for Spanish colonies in the Western Hemisphere.
"New Spain" was a designation for Spanish colonies in the Western Hemisphere.
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France was the first European nation to successfully establish permanent colonies in North America.
France was the first European nation to successfully establish permanent colonies in North America.
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Puritans in the 1500s and 1600s sought to intensify the Catholic elements within the Church of England.
Puritans in the 1500s and 1600s sought to intensify the Catholic elements within the Church of England.
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Puritan society in colonies like Massachusetts Bay enforced a strict separation between church and state.
Puritan society in colonies like Massachusetts Bay enforced a strict separation between church and state.
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Jamestown, Virginia, founded in 1607, is recognized as the initial successful English colony in North America.
Jamestown, Virginia, founded in 1607, is recognized as the initial successful English colony in North America.
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The primary export from the American colonies to Great Britain during the colonial period was cotton.
The primary export from the American colonies to Great Britain during the colonial period was cotton.
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The Treaty of Paris, signed in 1783, formally concluded the Revolutionary War.
The Treaty of Paris, signed in 1783, formally concluded the Revolutionary War.
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Study Notes
Theories of Migration to the Americas
- Evidence strongly supports the Bering Land Bridge theory of migration to the Americas.
- The Atlantic and Oceania theories also have some evidence, but less substantial.
- People from other continents migrated to the Americas thousands of years ago.
Defining the Old and New Worlds
- Old World: Europe, Africa, and Asia.
- New World: The Americas (Mundus Novus in Latin).
- The Age of Discovery was driven by desires for silks, spices, crops, and spreading the Catholic faith.
- Exploration was also motivated by adventure.
The Columbian Exchange
- The exchange of goods and people between the Old and New Worlds.
Spanish Colonization of the New World
- Spanish conquistadors sought wealth and conquered lands.
- Haciendas: Large land grants held by Spanish conquistadors.
- Encomienda: Grant of indigenous labor.
- Mulattos: Mixed-race people, often of higher social standing than indigenous peoples due to some Spanish ancestry.
- Hernán Cortés: Conquered the Aztecs in 1521.
- Juan Ponce de León: Explored Florida in 1513 and governed Puerto Rico.
- Francisco Pizarro: Conquered the Inca in 1532.
- Hernando de Soto: Explored Peru and discovered the Mississippi River in 1541.
- Amerigo Vespucci: Determined the New World was a continent, not an island. His name commemorated on the continent.
- New Spain: Term for the vast Spanish holdings in North and South America (Mexico, Caribbean, Central America, Southwestern U.S.).
Other European Explorations
- European explorers, including French and English explorers, sought gold, a Northwest Passage to Asia, and ways to surpass Spain.
- France focused on the Caribbean before turning attention to North America. England had early failures, eventually succeeding at Jamestown.
Puritanism in Colonial America
- Puritans: Religious movement seeking to purify Anglicanism from Catholic influences.
- Moved to America, particularly the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
- Traits:
- Emphasis on conversion experience
- Diverse crop planting
- Close ties between church and state
- Banishment for dissenters
- John Winthrop and Thomas Dudley: Early Puritan leaders.
- Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams: Important dissenters.
The 13 Colonies
- Colonies settled to escape British religious and political persecution.
- Regions: New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies.
- Founding of colonies: Jamestown (1607), Plymouth (1620).
- British ownership shaped life in the colonies.
- Colonization challenges resulted in conflicts, like King Philip's War.
- Religious and political freedoms were continuously challenged, illustrated by the Salem Witch Trials and the Zenger trial.
- Tobacco was a major export from the warmer climate colonies.
- The American Revolutionary War and Treaty of Paris led to the United States’ independence.
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Description
This quiz explores the various theories of migration to the Americas, including the Bering Land Bridge and the Atlantic theory. It also covers the significance of the Old and New Worlds, the Columbian Exchange, and the impact of Spanish colonization. Test your knowledge on these historical concepts and their implications.
