Migration Theories to the Americas
48 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is Animism, as described in the context of Aboriginal cultures?

  • The belief in the separation of the spiritual and physical realms.
  • The belief in one supreme god.
  • The belief that only humans have spirits.
  • The belief that all elements of nature possess a living spirit. (correct)

Aboriginal cultures viewed land as an object to be owned by individuals.

False (B)

Name one of the three main reasons for European colonization.

Gospel, Gold, or Glory

One major effect of contact on Aboriginals was the introduction of European ________ to which they had no immunity.

<p>diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

<p>Animism = Belief that all natural elements have a spirit or life force. Gospel = The desire to spread Christianity. Glory = The desire for national power and territorial expansion. Gold = The pursuit of wealth through the exploitation of new lands</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a new food introduced to Europeans because of contact with other cultures?

<p>Wheat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Europeans did not borrow any principles from aboriginal government structures.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the land connection that is theorized to have formed between Asia and North America during the last ice age?

<p>Beringia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Coastal Migration Theory suggests that early humans crossed the Bering Land Bridge by foot.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides diseases, name one other negative effect that contact had on aboriginal peoples.

<p>loss of land rights, simulation of culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tool, found at archeological sites, is often used as evidence in support of the Bering Land Bridge theory?

<p>Clovis spear points</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Coastal Migration theory suggests that early humans travelled along the coast in ______.

<p>boats</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following theories with their primary mode of migration:

<p>Bering Land Bridge Theory = Migration by land. Coastal Migration Theory = Migration by boat along the coast. Pacific Route Theory = Migration by boat across the Pacific.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one piece of evidence that provides support for the Pacific Route Theory?

<p>Building techniques and coastal sites suggesting long distance travel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these crops were the source of increased labor demands in the colonies?

<p>Sugar, Tobacco, and Cotton (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Genetic evidence fully supports the Coastal Migration Theory, showing that early people in North America all came from the same route.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Economic sovereignty refers to a state's ability to enforce laws without outside influence.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge does the theory of the Bering Land Bridge face in relation to the timeline of early human arrival in the Americas?

<p>Some findings suggest that people may have arrived earlier than the land bridge was available.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary strategic motive for Russia's invasion of Ukraine?

<p>To increase influence in Eastern Europe and counter NATO expansion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The disintegration of the ________ after World War I led to new nations in the Middle East, sparking conflicts.

<p>Ottoman Empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of sovereignty with its description:

<p>Legal sovereignty = Power to create and enforce laws Popular sovereignty = Government authority from the consent of the people Territorial sovereignty = Control over geographic area and resources Economic Sovereignty = Ability to manage economic policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire?

<p>Ethnic tensions and sovereignty struggles in new nations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The conflicts in Ireland and Ukraine have no relation to issues of identity.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one economic motive for Russia's invasion of Ukraine?

<p>Control of valuable resources and key energy pipelines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What treaty officially ended the American Revolutionary War?

<p>Treaty of Paris (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Mayflower Compact included all residents of the Plymouth Colony, regardless of race or gender, to vote.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main outcome of the Glorious Revolution in England?

<p>Parliamentary supremacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

The system of land distribution in New France was known as the __________ system.

<p>seigneurial</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a cause of the American Revolution?

<p>Religious differences between the colonies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events with their significance:

<p>Magna Carta = Limited the King's authority Mayflower Compact = Established self-governance in Plymouth Colony Treaty of Paris = Recognized US independence Glorious Revolution = Cemented Parliamentary Supremacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the social structure in France before the revolution?

<p>A rigid structure with three estates: clergy, nobility, and commoners. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of Loyalist migration on Canada ?

<p>Shaped its bilingual and multicultural identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of government did France have prior to the French revolution?

<p>Absolute Monarchy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The traditional Aboriginal governance system emphasizes individual decision-making over community involvement.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of elders in traditional Aboriginal governance?

<p>guiding the community</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Canada, the legal system is influenced by British common law and French ______.

<p>civil law</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each term with its description:

<p>Criminal Law = Deals with crimes against society Civil Law = Handles personal disputes Sentencing Circles = Focus on healing and repairing behavior Rule of Law = Everyone is treated equally under the law</p> Signup and view all the answers

What document protects the rights and freedoms of all Canadians?

<p>Charter of Rights and Freedoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Canada's legal system emphasizes the idea that one is guilty until proven innocent.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary challenges faced by Aboriginal governance systems

<p>discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a typical condition for youth on bail?

<p>Complete freedom of movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The maximum sentence a young offender can receive is the same as an adult committing a similar crime.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Youth Criminal Justice Act?

<p>rehabilitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Youths have special protections under section ______ of the charter.

<p>25</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of custody do young offenders who are seen as less of a risk receive?

<p>Open custody (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

School officials are not allowed to search a student without a warrant.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the situation when marginalized communities are unfairly exposed to environmental hazards?

<p>environmental racism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of custody with their descriptions:

<p>Open custody = Community based facility with more freedom Secure custody = Highly controlled environment and requires close supervision Foster care = Supervised home setting</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Legal Sovereignty

The ability of a state to create and enforce its own laws without external interference.

Constitutional Sovereignty

A state's authority based on its constitution, defining government powers.

Territorial Sovereignty

A state's control over its geographical territory and resources.

Economic Sovereignty

A state's ability to manage its own economic policies and resources.

Signup and view all the flashcards

International Recognition

The acknowledgment by other states of a state's sovereignty and legitimacy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Popular Sovereignty

The belief that government authority comes from the consent of the people.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Judicial Sovereignty

The independence of a state's judicial system to enforce laws without outside influence.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Russia's Strategic Motive in Ukraine

Russia's desire to increase its influence in Eastern Europe, seeing Ukraine as key to stopping NATO expansion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Animism

The belief that all natural elements, like plants, water, and rocks, possess a spirit or life force.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Connection to Nature

A deep connection to the land, viewing it as a living being with spiritual significance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

No Ownership of Land

Land is held in trust for future generations, emphasizing shared ownership and guardianship.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gospel

European powers sought to spread Christianity as a moral duty, believing they were saving souls and civilizing indigenous people.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gold

European nations sought new resources, trade routes, and wealth through exploitation of land and indigenous populations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Glory

European nations competed for territorial dominance and global power.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diseases

European diseases like smallpox and measles decimated indigenous populations due to lack of immunity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Government Structure

Borrowing principles from aboriginal governments laid the foundation for European government structures, often with disregard for indigenous land rights.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bering Land Bridge theory

This theory posits that during the last ice age, a land bridge called Beringia formed between Asia and North America, allowing early humans to migrate across.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Coastal migration theory

This theory suggests that ancient humans traveled along the coastlines, utilizing boats to reach the Americas.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pacific route theory

This theory proposes that early humans used canoes to travel from Asia to the Pacific Islands and then to the Americas via the Pacific Ocean.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Evidence for Bering Land Bridge theory

Ancient tools and human remains discovered in North America are consistent with the Bering Land Bridge theory.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Genetic evidence supporting the Bering Land Bridge theory

Genetic similarities between Native Americans and Siberian populations support the idea of the Bering Land Bridge.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Evidence against the Bering Land Bridge theory

Some archaeological findings suggest human arrival in the Americas predate the existence of the Bering Land Bridge.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Evidence for the Coastal migration theory

Ancient tools and remains found in coastal sites, like Monte Verde in Chile, support the Coastal migration theory.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Geological data supporting the Coastal migration theory

Coastal routes created by sea level changes during the ice age support the Coastal migration theory.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Constitutional Monarchy

A system of government where the monarch's power is limited by a constitution and a representative legislature.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Probation

Probation officers supervise young offenders, ensuring compliance with court-ordered conditions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Absolute Monarchy

A system of government where the monarch holds absolute power with minimal limitations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Traditional Aboriginal Governance

Aboriginal governance based on traditional customs and laws, emphasizing community involvement, respect for elders, and maintaining balance with nature.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Legal Rights of Young Offenders

Young people facing legal proceedings have the right to a lawyer and a parent/guardian present during questioning.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Modern Aboriginal Governance

Aboriginal governance that involves elected councils or leaders who manage local affairs within national legal frameworks, while advocating for Indigenous rights and equitable access to resources.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Searches of Young People

Police searches of youth require reasonable suspicion, often based on credible information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rule of Law

The principle that everyone should be treated equally under the law, regardless of their wealth or power.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bail for Young Offenders

Bail for young offenders typically has stricter conditions than for adults, often involving supervision, curfews, and restrictions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Youth Criminal Justice Act

The Youth Criminal Justice Act aims to rehabilitate young offenders rather than punish them, focusing on their needs and potential.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Canadian Legal System

Canada's legal system, combining elements of British common law and French civil law.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Charter of Rights and Freedoms

A document enshrined in Canada's Constitution that safeguards the fundamental rights and freedoms of all Canadians.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Youth Sentencing Principles

Holding youth accountable while also addressing their needs and promoting reintegration into society are key principles of sentencing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sentencing Circles

A restorative justice approach used by some Indigenous communities that focuses on healing and repairing harm rather than simply punishing offenders.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Custody Types for Young Offenders

Open custody allows participation in rehabilitation programs in a less restrictive community-based facility, while secure custody involves a highly controlled detention setting.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Environmental Racism

Environmental racism occurs when marginalized communities disproportionately face environmental hazards due to discriminatory policies or practices.

Signup and view all the flashcards

High Taxes & No Representation

The British government taxed the American colonies heavily without giving them any representation in Parliament, leading to resentment and sparking the American Revolution.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Desire for Independence

The colonists desired to govern themselves and make their own laws, rejecting British control and ultimately leading to the American Revolution.

Signup and view all the flashcards

The Ancien Régime

A rigid social hierarchy in pre-revolutionary France, where the clergy, nobility, and commoners were divided into three estates, with the monarchy holding absolute power. Commoners bore the brunt of taxation and labor, fueling social unrest.

Signup and view all the flashcards

The Seigneurial System

A system in New France where land was granted to seigneurs, who then leased it to tenant farmers. This system promoted settlement and agriculture, but also created social tension due to unequal distribution of wealth and labor.

Signup and view all the flashcards

England's Transition to Constitutional Monarchy

A series of events in England over centuries that led to the transition from feudalism to a constitutional monarchy, where the power of the king was limited by Parliament. This laid the foundation for a balanced system of governance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

The Mayflower Compact

An agreement signed by the Pilgrims in 1620 to establish self-governance in Plymouth Colony. It emphasized majority rule and collective decision-making, setting a precedent for later democratic practices in America.

Signup and view all the flashcards

The Loyalist Legacy

Loyalists who supported Britain during the American Revolution faced persecution and often fled to Canada or other British territories. Their migration significantly shaped Canadian society, contributing to its bilingual and multicultural identity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Who Voted in the Mayflower Compact?

The Mayflower Compact, a pioneering agreement among Pilgrims in 1620, granted voting rights to all resident landowners (white males).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Migration to the Americas: Theories

  • Bering Land Bridge Theory: Suggests a land connection (Beringia) formed during the last ice age, enabling early humans and animals to migrate from Asia to North America.
  • Evidence supports this theory with archaeological sites containing ancient tools and human remains, along with genetic similarities between Native Americans and ancient Siberian populations.
  • Timing issues challenge the theory as some archeological findings suggest arrival earlier than the land bridge's existence.

Coastal Migration Theory

  • This theory proposes early humans migrated along the coasts in boats.
  • Evidence includes archaeological sites like Monte Verde in Chile, pointing to early human presence along coastal regions.
  • Geological data suggests sea level changes during the ice age facilitated coastal travel.
  • Genetic evidence, however, suggests diverse lineages, implying multiple origin points.

Pacific Route Theory

  • Early humans migrated to the Americas via Pacific routes, sailing from Asia to Pacific Islands and then to the Americas.
  • Evidence includes archeological findings showing early human activity in Pacific coastal sites, and possible building techniques suitable for long-distance voyages.
  • Timing issues contradict this theory as the evidence does not necessarily align with arrival via Bering land bridge.
  • Oceanic challenges like navigating vast and dangerous journeys also pose a difficulty for this theory.

Aboriginal Societies Before Contact

  • Animism: Belief that all elements of nature possess spirits.
  • Deep connection with land, viewed as a living, spiritual source of identity and culture.
  • No concept of individual land ownership; communal resource shared with future generations.

Effects of Contact on Europeans

  • New foods (potatoes, peppers, sugar, coffee) introduced, influencing agriculture.
  • Medical knowledge from indigenous sources (e.g., scurvy cures).
  • Indigenous principles borrowed for government structures, however, disregarding aboriginal land rights is a major issue.

Effects of Contact on Aboriginals

  • Exposure to European diseases (smallpox, measles) led to widespread devastation due to lack of immunity.
  • Dependence on European goods (guns, clothing, tools), causing loss of traditional ways.
  • Cultural assimilation and language loss due to colonization.

WWI Effects on Canada

  • Increased independence from Great Britain
  • Enhanced global standing and participation in international affairs.
  • Rise of women's roles in the workforce, impacting suffrage.
  • Formation of a stronger national identity through shared experiences of war.

Sovereignty

  • Sovereignty is a state's ability to create and enforce laws.
  • Types of sovereignty include legal, constitutional, territorial, popular, economic, judicial, and international.
  • Russia's motives for invading Ukraine include strategic, economic, and political goals - boosting Eastern European influence and controlling resources/pipelines.

Sovereignty Struggles in Empires

  • Examples of empire disintegration and resulting sovereignty struggles include the Soviet Union, Ottoman Empire, and Austro-Hungarian Empire.
  • Disintegration often leads to ethnic conflicts, border disputes, and the emergence of new nations, which often struggle to establish their own independent identities.

Canada's Sovereignty

  • Canada gained sovereignty through military participation and independence in international affairs as a result of World War I.
  • Further developments came with the Statute of Westminster (1931) and the Constitution Act (1982), giving Canada greater control of its laws and institutions.

Quebec and Sovereignty

  • The 1970 October crisis in Quebec sparked renewed calls for sovereignty and independence amidst discussions about a stronger national identity.
  • This period highlights ongoing tensions between different cultural and linguistic groups in Canada.

Rights and Freedoms

  • The Charter of Rights and Freedoms' protection of rights includes: freedom of expression, religion, equality, and participation in elections (right to vote).
  • The charter also outlines ways in which these rights can be limited based on the public interest, while ensuring fairness.

Charter of Rights and Freedoms Case Studies

  • The case studies highlight examples of limitations on individual rights in the Canadian justice system, and how this is justified via the courts.

Youth Criminal Justice Act

  • The Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) replaces the Young Offenders Act with restorative justice and rehabilitation as goals.
  • YCJA reduces reliance on incarceration for young offenders and focuses on accountability, rehabilitation, and the needs of victims.
  • Age of youth for court proceedings is also a significant point.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Migration to the Americas Theories PDF

Description

Explore the various theories of migration to the Americas, including the Bering Land Bridge, Coastal Migration, and Pacific Route theories. This quiz will test your understanding of the archaeological evidence and genetic connections that support these ideas. Learn about the timing challenges and the implications of diverse human lineages.

More Like This

Migration Theories Quiz
10 questions

Migration Theories Quiz

HeavenlyChrysocolla avatar
HeavenlyChrysocolla
Theories of Ancient Migration to the Americas
20 questions

Theories of Ancient Migration to the Americas

AccomplishedBixbite avatar
AccomplishedBixbite
Teorías del Poblamiento de América
20 questions

Teorías del Poblamiento de América

LionheartedQuasimodo avatar
LionheartedQuasimodo
Migration Theories to the Americas
48 questions

Migration Theories to the Americas

ConscientiousLobster5441 avatar
ConscientiousLobster5441
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser