22 Questions
Which characteristic is used to distinguish migraines from other headaches?
At least one reversible aura symptom
What does the acronym SOCRATES stand for in headache history taking?
Symptoms, Onset, Character, Radiation, Associated symptoms, Time course, Exacerbating/relieving factors, Severity
What is NOT considered a danger sign in headache assessment?
Gradual pattern change
Which characteristic would NOT be seen in a migraine without aura?
Reversible aura symptoms
What type of headache is characterized by the presence of autonomic features?
Cluster headache
What management approach is NOT recommended for migraine headaches?
Painkiller overuse at the onset of a headache
Which of the following is a common autonomic feature in cluster headaches?
Ipsilateral, consistent, and severe autonomic features
Which method is used to evaluate the history of a patient with neck and back pain?
SOCRATES method
What are the danger signs (red flags) in patients with neck and back pain?
All of the above
Which of the following treatments is used for tension-type headaches?
Simple analgesics (Paracetamol, Aspirin, NSAIDs) and combination of analgesics plus caffein
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of migraines?
Pain intensified by routine physical activity
What are the triggering factors for cluster headaches?
Nitroglycerin, histamine, and strong smells
What is the location of pain in tension-type headaches?
Bilateral in location
Which of the following management options is NOT used for migraines?
Oxygen and sumatriptan
What are the mechanisms behind tension-type headaches?
Excessive pericranial muscle contractions that may lead to ischemia and release of noxious substances such as substance P
What is the duration of cluster headache attacks?
15-180 mins
What are the cranial autonomic features associated with headaches?
Lacrimation, conjunctival injection, periorbital edema, ptosis, pupillary changes, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, tinnitus
What does the 'O' in the SOCRATES method stand for in headache history taking?
Onset
What are the danger signs associated with headaches?
Flashing lights, tingling, numbness, nausea, vomiting, blurring of vision, sensory hypersensitivity, visual changes, numbness, weakness, speech impairment, cognitive impairment
What is the most appropriate management approach for a patient with a headache?
Pain medication and lifestyle changes
What is the meaning of the 'T' in the SOCRATES method?
Timing
What should be done if a patient presents with danger signs associated with headaches?
Refer to a neurologist for further evaluation
Test your knowledge of the classification criteria for migraine headaches based on the symptoms observed. Identify the key characteristics that help differentiate migraine headaches from other types of headaches.
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