Microbiology Sterilization Methods Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What temperature range is used in the holder method for sterilization?

  • 63°C - 66°C (correct)
  • 100°C - 110°C
  • 72°C - 75°C
  • 50°C - 60°C

What is the purpose of the Tyndallization method?

  • To achieve immediate sterilization
  • To ensure complete sterility in a single exposure
  • To eliminate spores on the 1st day
  • To kill vegetative organisms on the 2nd day (correct)

What is a limitation of boiling as a sterilization method?

  • Ineffective against spores (correct)
  • Primarily used for vaccine preparation
  • Ensures complete sterility in one cycle
  • Destroys all microbial life forms

In the flash method, at what temperature is sterilization achieved?

<p>72°C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physical method is the principal method for sterilizing heat-labile materials?

<p>Filtration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an agent that denatures proteins?

<p>Heavy metals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which alcohols exert their antimicrobial activity?

<p>Requiring the presence of water for activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary mechanism by which halogens, such as chlorine and iodine, act as antimicrobials?

<p>Inactivating enzymes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of silver nitrate as an antimicrobial agent?

<p>Modifying the functional groups of proteins and nucleic acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most effective antimicrobial agent against viruses?

<p>Halogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of household bleach (sodium hypochlorite) as an antimicrobial agent?

<p>Inactivating enzymes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between an autoclave and a hot air sterilizer?

<p>The autoclave uses saturated steam under pressure while the hot air sterilizer uses infra-red radiation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of autoclaving in sterilization?

<p>To kill all micro-organisms, including spores. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is autoclave control essential in the sterilization process?

<p>To monitor the heat levels at which the autoclave operates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the dark color change in the Bowie Dick Method?

<p>It signifies that sterilization has not been completed satisfactorily. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes pasteurization from sterilization?

<p>Pasteurization ensures destruction of non-spore forming organisms, while sterilization kills all micro-organisms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does an autoclave differ from a steam-jacketed autoclave?

<p>The standing table-top autoclave has a different order of indication than the steam-jacketed one. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disinfectant is 10 times more effective than formaldehyde?

<p>Glutaraldehyde (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of item is Glutaraldehyde commonly used to disinfect?

<p>Medical instruments like scalpels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use of formaldehyde mentioned in the text?

<p>Preserving tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is NOT mentioned to be effectively targeted by phenols and their derivatives?

<p>Viruses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes glutaraldehyde an ideal disinfectant for critical items used in invasive procedures according to the text?

<p>Broad spectrum activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of high-level disinfection according to the text?

<p>Formaldehyde-free solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a cotton wool plug in tubes during the filtration of air?

<p>To allow sterile air to enter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of filter is composed of compressed asbestos?

<p>Seitz filter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Gamma radiation and X-rays when used for sterilization?

<p>Denature proteins and nucleic acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which radiation type absorbs water molecules and then releases microwave energy as heat?

<p>Microwave radiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Berkefield filter?

<p>To trap bacteria, fungi, and extraneous materials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of wavelengths for Ultraviolet light used to reduce the number of micro-organisms in air?

<p>Between 250 and 270 nm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Holder method

A sterilization method that uses a temperature range of 63°C to 66°C.

Tyndallization method

A method designed to kill vegetative organisms on the second day of treatment.

Limitation of boiling sterilization

Boiling water is not effective against spores, which are resistant to high temperatures.

Flash method temperature

The flash method achieves sterilization at a temperature of 72°C.

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Sterilization of heat-labile materials

Filtration is the primary method for sterilizing heat-labile materials, which are sensitive to high temperatures.

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Antimicrobial effect of heavy metals

Heavy metals do not denature proteins. They exert their antimicrobial activity by other mechanisms.

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Mechanism of alcohol action

Alcohols require the presence of water to exert their antimicrobial activity by disrupting cell membranes and denaturing proteins.

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Halogen antimicrobial action

Halogens, like chlorine and iodine, inactivate enzymes and disrupt cell membranes, leading to cell death.

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Silver nitrate antimicrobial action

Silver nitrate modifies the functional groups of proteins and nucleic acids, preventing their normal functions.

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Most effective antiviral agent

Halogens are the most effective antimicrobial agents against viruses, inactivating them by reacting with their proteins.

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Household bleach antimicrobial action

Household bleach (sodium hypochlorite) inactivates enzymes, disrupts cell membranes, and oxidizes cellular components, effectively killing microorganisms.

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Autoclave vs. hot air sterilizer

The main difference is that the autoclave uses saturated steam under pressure, while the hot air sterilizer uses infrared radiation.

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Autoclaving purpose

The primary purpose of autoclaving is to kill all microorganisms, including spores, through the use of high temperature and pressure.

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Autoclave control

Autoclave control monitors the heat levels and ensures proper sterilization. It's crucial for safety and effectiveness.

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Bowie Dick test

A dark color change in the Bowie Dick test signifies incomplete sterilization, indicating a problem with the autoclave.

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Pasteurization vs. sterilization

Pasteurization destroys non-spore-forming organisms, while sterilization eliminates all microorganisms, including spores.

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Autoclave types

The standing table-top autoclave and the steam-jacketed autoclave have different order of indication, affecting the way sterilization is measured.

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Glutaraldehyde effectiveness

Glutaraldehyde is a disinfectant that is 10 times more effective than formaldehyde.

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Glutaraldehyde use

Glutaraldehyde is commonly used to disinfect medical instruments like scalpels, making them safe for use.

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Formaldehyde use

Formaldehyde is commonly used to preserve tissues, keeping them from decaying.

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Phenol effectiveness

Phenols and their derivatives are effective against bacteria and fungi, but their effectiveness against viruses is not mentioned in the text.

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Glutaraldehyde ideal for critical items

Glutaraldehyde is ideal for critical items due to its broad-spectrum activity, killing a wide range of microorganisms.

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High-level disinfection methods

Formaldehyde-free solutions are not considered high-level disinfection methods, they offer a lower level of disinfection.

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Cotton wool plug function

A cotton wool plug allows sterile air to enter tubes during filtration, preventing contamination.

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Seitz filter composition

Seitz filters are composed of compressed asbestos, acting as a barrier against microorganisms.

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Radiation sterilization mechanism

Gamma radiation and X-rays denature proteins and nucleic acids, disrupting cellular processes and killing microorganisms.

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Microwave radiation sterilization

Microwave radiation absorbs water molecules and converts them into heat, sterilizing materials through temperature.

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Berkefield filter function

A Berkefield filter traps bacteria, fungi, and other extraneous materials, purifying liquids or air.

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UV light sterilization

Ultraviolet light in the range of 250 to 270 nm reduces the number of microorganisms in air by damaging their DNA.

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