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Questions and Answers
What is the efficiency of an ULPA Filter at 0.12 microns?
What is the efficiency of an ULPA Filter at 0.12 microns?
- 99%
- 99.999%
- 99.99%
- 99.9999% (correct)
Which program is recommended to control arthropods and rodents in a biosafety environment?
Which program is recommended to control arthropods and rodents in a biosafety environment?
- Decontaminating Medical Wastes program
- Arthropod and Rodent Control program (correct)
- Curtain of Air program
- Health and Medical Surveillance program
What is one of the ways to ensure biosafety in laboratories?
What is one of the ways to ensure biosafety in laboratories?
- Facilitating early detection of laboratory-acquired infections (correct)
- Excluding pregnant women from hazardous work
- Conducting regular training in laboratory safety
- Providing active immunization only
What is a key component in maintaining biosafety in laboratories?
What is a key component in maintaining biosafety in laboratories?
Which type of immunization is an example of passive immunization mentioned in the text?
Which type of immunization is an example of passive immunization mentioned in the text?
Why is it important to provide effective personal protective equipment and procedures?
Why is it important to provide effective personal protective equipment and procedures?
What is the primary goal of the Laboratory Quality Management System (LQMS)?
What is the primary goal of the Laboratory Quality Management System (LQMS)?
What is a fundamental objective of biosafety in a molecular biology lab?
What is a fundamental objective of biosafety in a molecular biology lab?
Why are alcohol-based cleansers not recommended after contact with spore-forming bacteria?
Why are alcohol-based cleansers not recommended after contact with spore-forming bacteria?
What should individuals do after working with potentially hazardous materials in the Laboratory?
What should individuals do after working with potentially hazardous materials in the Laboratory?
Why is it important to wash hands after working with certain chemicals in the laboratory?
Why is it important to wash hands after working with certain chemicals in the laboratory?
What is key to preventing laboratory and personnel exposure to potentially infectious agents or biohazards?
What is key to preventing laboratory and personnel exposure to potentially infectious agents or biohazards?
What is the purpose of using Geobacillus stearothermophilus as a biological indicator in an autoclave?
What is the purpose of using Geobacillus stearothermophilus as a biological indicator in an autoclave?
What is the primary function of HEPA filters in a biosafety cabinet?
What is the primary function of HEPA filters in a biosafety cabinet?
What is the recommended method for decontaminating medical wastes according to the given information?
What is the recommended method for decontaminating medical wastes according to the given information?
According to the information given, what is the primary requirement for working with infectious specimens in a biosafety cabinet?
According to the information given, what is the primary requirement for working with infectious specimens in a biosafety cabinet?
What is the purpose of the autoclave tape used during the sterilization process?
What is the purpose of the autoclave tape used during the sterilization process?
What is the significance of the $0.3$ micron pore size mentioned in the context of HEPA filters?
What is the significance of the $0.3$ micron pore size mentioned in the context of HEPA filters?
What is the primary difference between RNA and DNA based on the given information?
What is the primary difference between RNA and DNA based on the given information?
What is the function of RNA polymerase in gene expression based on the provided text?
What is the function of RNA polymerase in gene expression based on the provided text?
Which nucleotide base is NOT present in RNA molecules according to the text?
Which nucleotide base is NOT present in RNA molecules according to the text?
How does RNA differ from DNA in terms of size according to the information provided?
How does RNA differ from DNA in terms of size according to the information provided?
What role does RNA play in protein synthesis based on the text?
What role does RNA play in protein synthesis based on the text?
How does the structure of RNA differ from that of plasmids based on the provided information?
How does the structure of RNA differ from that of plasmids based on the provided information?
What is the function of small nuclear RNA in eukaryotes?
What is the function of small nuclear RNA in eukaryotes?
Which type of RNA polymerase is primarily responsible for polymerizing mRNA in eukaryotes?
Which type of RNA polymerase is primarily responsible for polymerizing mRNA in eukaryotes?
What is the role of RNA Helicase during transcription?
What is the role of RNA Helicase during transcription?
Which enzyme is responsible for attaching the primer to the specific start site of transcription?
Which enzyme is responsible for attaching the primer to the specific start site of transcription?
What is the main function of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcribed by RNA polymerase 1?
What is the main function of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcribed by RNA polymerase 1?
During transcription, what is the role of RNA Polymerase in relation to the DNA double helix?
During transcription, what is the role of RNA Polymerase in relation to the DNA double helix?
Which of the following statements about ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is correct?
Which of the following statements about ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is correct?
What is the primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA) during translation?
What is the primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA) during translation?
Which of the following statements about messenger RNA (mRNA) is correct?
Which of the following statements about messenger RNA (mRNA) is correct?
What is the significance of the three-letter nucleotide sequence (UAG) in transfer RNA (tRNA)?
What is the significance of the three-letter nucleotide sequence (UAG) in transfer RNA (tRNA)?
Which of the following statements about transcription is correct?
Which of the following statements about transcription is correct?
Which of the following statements about protein structure is correct?
Which of the following statements about protein structure is correct?
Which substance is used in DNA extraction to dissolve lipids and lipoproteins?
Which substance is used in DNA extraction to dissolve lipids and lipoproteins?
What is the purpose of using cetylmethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in DNA extraction from fungi?
What is the purpose of using cetylmethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in DNA extraction from fungi?
What is the main function of adding ethanol in the DNA extraction process?
What is the main function of adding ethanol in the DNA extraction process?
In DNA extraction, which step involves the formation of three layers, including an aqueous phase, an amphiphilic phase, and an organic phase?
In DNA extraction, which step involves the formation of three layers, including an aqueous phase, an amphiphilic phase, and an organic phase?
What is the primary purpose of low pH in DNA extraction after alkaline lysis?
What is the primary purpose of low pH in DNA extraction after alkaline lysis?
Which enzyme is added at either the first or last step of the DNA extraction procedure to degrade RNA?
Which enzyme is added at either the first or last step of the DNA extraction procedure to degrade RNA?
What is the purpose of using xylene in the DNA extraction procedure from paraffin-embedded tissues?
What is the purpose of using xylene in the DNA extraction procedure from paraffin-embedded tissues?
Which dye is specifically mentioned to bind to adenine and thymine base pairs in DNA?
Which dye is specifically mentioned to bind to adenine and thymine base pairs in DNA?
In DNA extraction, why are particulate matter, phenol, and protein considered common contaminants when using spectrophotometry?
In DNA extraction, why are particulate matter, phenol, and protein considered common contaminants when using spectrophotometry?
Which step of the DNA extraction process involves adding proteinase K to lyse the proteins in the sample?
Which step of the DNA extraction process involves adding proteinase K to lyse the proteins in the sample?
What is the main function of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid (DABA) in DNA extraction?
What is the main function of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid (DABA) in DNA extraction?
What technique measures fluorescence related to DNA concentration using specific fluorescent dyes?
What technique measures fluorescence related to DNA concentration using specific fluorescent dyes?
Which enzyme is preferred for enzymatic digestion in DNA extraction due to its ability to digest proteins?
Which enzyme is preferred for enzymatic digestion in DNA extraction due to its ability to digest proteins?
What is the primary concern with mechanical disruption in DNA extraction methods?
What is the primary concern with mechanical disruption in DNA extraction methods?
Which method is used in DNA extraction when the sample is solid?
Which method is used in DNA extraction when the sample is solid?
What is the primary purpose of using glass beads in DNA extraction?
What is the primary purpose of using glass beads in DNA extraction?
In DNA extraction, what is the role of centrifugation?
In DNA extraction, what is the role of centrifugation?
What method is utilized to quantify DNA concentration in fluorometry during DNA extraction?
What method is utilized to quantify DNA concentration in fluorometry during DNA extraction?
What is the optimal GC content range for a primer?
What is the optimal GC content range for a primer?
Why is it important for a primer's length to be 18-22bp?
Why is it important for a primer's length to be 18-22bp?
What happens if the primer annealing temperature is too low?
What happens if the primer annealing temperature is too low?
Why must the DNA template be free of contaminants before amplification?
Why must the DNA template be free of contaminants before amplification?
What is the purpose of analyzing PCR products before further processes?
What is the purpose of analyzing PCR products before further processes?
Why should a primer have specific binding to the target DNA segment?
Why should a primer have specific binding to the target DNA segment?
Which factor primarily determines the specificity of a PCR primer?
Which factor primarily determines the specificity of a PCR primer?
What is the primary consideration when determining the optimal annealing temperature for a PCR primer?
What is the primary consideration when determining the optimal annealing temperature for a PCR primer?
Which of the following statements about the GC content of a PCR primer is correct?
Which of the following statements about the GC content of a PCR primer is correct?
Which technique is commonly used to analyze the products of a PCR amplification?
Which technique is commonly used to analyze the products of a PCR amplification?
What is the recommended length range for PCR primers?
What is the recommended length range for PCR primers?
Which factor can contribute to non-specific amplification during PCR?
Which factor can contribute to non-specific amplification during PCR?
Which of the following statements about forward primers in PCR is correct?
Which of the following statements about forward primers in PCR is correct?
What is the primary consequence of mispriming in PCR?
What is the primary consequence of mispriming in PCR?
Which of the following factors can make it more difficult to optimize PCR amplification?
Which of the following factors can make it more difficult to optimize PCR amplification?
What is the primary concern associated with primer dimers in PCR?
What is the primary concern associated with primer dimers in PCR?
What is the recommended amount of genomic DNA template for routine clinical analysis using PCR?
What is the recommended amount of genomic DNA template for routine clinical analysis using PCR?
Which of the following characteristics is desirable for an optimal DNA template in PCR?
Which of the following characteristics is desirable for an optimal DNA template in PCR?
What enzyme is responsible for repairing nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA during the DNA extraction process described in the text?
What enzyme is responsible for repairing nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA during the DNA extraction process described in the text?
Which enzyme is crucial for the protection of DNA from methylation, ensuring the integrity of the genetic information?
Which enzyme is crucial for the protection of DNA from methylation, ensuring the integrity of the genetic information?
In the context of DNA extraction, what role does DNA ligase play in the formation of recombinant DNA molecules?
In the context of DNA extraction, what role does DNA ligase play in the formation of recombinant DNA molecules?
During the recombination process in sexual reproduction, what is the primary function of restriction enzymes?
During the recombination process in sexual reproduction, what is the primary function of restriction enzymes?
What is the main purpose of nucleic acid protection mechanisms described in the text related to DNA extraction?
What is the main purpose of nucleic acid protection mechanisms described in the text related to DNA extraction?
Which of the following probes does not have a negatively charged phosphodiester backbone, allowing for stronger hydrogen bonding with the target sequence?
Which of the following probes does not have a negatively charged phosphodiester backbone, allowing for stronger hydrogen bonding with the target sequence?
Which of the following non-radioactive labels is commonly used for probe labeling and can be covalently attached to nucleotide triphosphates like UTP or CTP?
Which of the following non-radioactive labels is commonly used for probe labeling and can be covalently attached to nucleotide triphosphates like UTP or CTP?
Which of the following statements about RNA probe labeling is correct?
Which of the following statements about RNA probe labeling is correct?
Which type of nucleic acid probe is designed to have increased flexibility by locking or unlocking the 2nd and 3rd carbons (C2 and C3), potentially destabilizing the double helix?
Which type of nucleic acid probe is designed to have increased flexibility by locking or unlocking the 2nd and 3rd carbons (C2 and C3), potentially destabilizing the double helix?
Which type of nucleic acid probe is designed to be inaccessible to RNA by locking the 2nd and 4th carbons (C2 and C4)?
Which type of nucleic acid probe is designed to be inaccessible to RNA by locking the 2nd and 4th carbons (C2 and C4)?
Which type of nucleic acid probe is chemically synthesized and resistant to nucleases that degrade DNA and RNA, but lacks the negatively charged phosphodiester backbone?
Which type of nucleic acid probe is chemically synthesized and resistant to nucleases that degrade DNA and RNA, but lacks the negatively charged phosphodiester backbone?
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for joining two DNA fragments by forming a phosphodiester bond?
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for joining two DNA fragments by forming a phosphodiester bond?
What is the primary function of a methyltransferase enzyme in relation to DNA?
What is the primary function of a methyltransferase enzyme in relation to DNA?
During sexual reproduction, which process facilitates the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes?
During sexual reproduction, which process facilitates the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes?
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for cleaving DNA at specific recognition sequences?
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for cleaving DNA at specific recognition sequences?
What is the primary function of nucleic acid protection mechanisms in cells?
What is the primary function of nucleic acid protection mechanisms in cells?
Which of the following enzymes is involved in the process of DNA replication?
Which of the following enzymes is involved in the process of DNA replication?
What is one of the disadvantages of the Vacuum Transfer method described in the text?
What is one of the disadvantages of the Vacuum Transfer method described in the text?
How much RNA is typically applied to 0.8% to 1.5% agarose gel/polyacrylamide gels for analysis as mentioned in the text?
How much RNA is typically applied to 0.8% to 1.5% agarose gel/polyacrylamide gels for analysis as mentioned in the text?
What must be done to the gel before transferring RNA to a membrane using Polyacrylamide gel, according to the text?
What must be done to the gel before transferring RNA to a membrane using Polyacrylamide gel, according to the text?
What is a drawback associated with the C.Vacuum Transfer method, as noted in the text?
What is a drawback associated with the C.Vacuum Transfer method, as noted in the text?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the purpose of standard precautions in a healthcare setting?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the purpose of standard precautions in a healthcare setting?
According to the information provided, which of the following microorganisms is considered the most resistant to disinfectants?
According to the information provided, which of the following microorganisms is considered the most resistant to disinfectants?
Which of the following practices is not mentioned as part of standard precautions in the given information?
Which of the following practices is not mentioned as part of standard precautions in the given information?
What is the main difference between primers and probes in terms of their usage as described in the text?
What is the main difference between primers and probes in terms of their usage as described in the text?
What is the effect of mispriming during amplification based on the information provided?
What is the effect of mispriming during amplification based on the information provided?
Why is it crucial for forward and reverse primers to anneal at the same temperature or within a 2-degree difference?
Why is it crucial for forward and reverse primers to anneal at the same temperature or within a 2-degree difference?
What role does primer placement play in determining the size of the amplified product?
What role does primer placement play in determining the size of the amplified product?
What is the critical component of a PCR reaction according to the text?
What is the critical component of a PCR reaction according to the text?
How do commercially purchased primers determine their synthesis according to the provided information?
How do commercially purchased primers determine their synthesis according to the provided information?
What is the primary structural difference between DNA and RNA?
What is the primary structural difference between DNA and RNA?
Which carbon position on the pentose sugar determines whether it is ribose or deoxyribose?
Which carbon position on the pentose sugar determines whether it is ribose or deoxyribose?
What is the primary function of the third carbon on the pentose sugar?
What is the primary function of the third carbon on the pentose sugar?
What is the distinction between a nucleotide and a nucleoside?
What is the distinction between a nucleotide and a nucleoside?
What structural characteristic distinguishes single-stranded nucleic acids from double-stranded ones?
What structural characteristic distinguishes single-stranded nucleic acids from double-stranded ones?
Which of the following is a key difference between DNA and RNA in terms of their composition?
Which of the following is a key difference between DNA and RNA in terms of their composition?
What was the significance of Gregor Mendel's discovery in 1865?
What was the significance of Gregor Mendel's discovery in 1865?
What was the groundbreaking contribution of James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953?
What was the groundbreaking contribution of James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953?
What is the primary function of nucleic acids, as stated in the text?
What is the primary function of nucleic acids, as stated in the text?
What was the significance of Kary Mullis's discovery in 1985?
What was the significance of Kary Mullis's discovery in 1985?
What are the three functional groups that make up a nucleotide, the building block of DNA and RNA?
What are the three functional groups that make up a nucleotide, the building block of DNA and RNA?
What was the significance of the recombinant DNA technology discovery in 1970?
What was the significance of the recombinant DNA technology discovery in 1970?
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