Microbiology Chapter: Streptococci and Glomerulonephritis

Movements of cells like corkscrew or via cilia/flagella that aid in locomotion.

Hair-like structures on bacteria that assist in attachment to host cells.

Adhesion pili that enhance bacteria's ability to attach to epithelial cells.

A type of fimbriae from E.coli linked to pyelonephritis.

Substances produced by bacteria that alter host tissues and aid invasion.

An enzyme secreted by pathogenic staphylococci, causing blood clotting.

Toxic substances released by Gram-positive bacteria, affecting the surrounding environment.

Toxins found inside Gram-negative bacteria, causing harm when released upon cell lysis.

A kidney disorder occurring after streptococcal infection, characterized by albuminuria and hematuria.

An inflammatory disease that can affect the heart, joints, skin, and brain, developing after a streptococcal throat infection.

A characteristic non-itchy rash associated with rheumatic fever.

Normal human colonizers that can cause infections in immunocompetent individuals under certain conditions.

A major group of VGS known for causing dental caries and tooth decay.

A process by which bacteria partially lyse red blood cells, producing a green coloration on blood agar.

Characteristic of viridans streptococci, indicating they do not produce the enzyme catalase.

Viridans streptococci's resistance to opchin, differentiating them from pneumococci.

The process by which chemotactic phagocytes exit capillaries into tissues.

The directed movement of phagocytes towards bacteria or particles.

Preparation that enhances the attachment of particles to phagocytes, usually involving antibodies.

The vacuole formed when a particle is ingested by a phagocyte.

The fusion of a phagosome with lysosomes containing enzymes for digestion.

Processes using oxygen compounds to kill microbes during phagocytosis.

Enzymatic processes that kill microorganisms without the need for oxygen.

A sudden increase in metabolic activity that enhances bactericidal processes.

Immune cells that partially degrade particles and present antigens.

A natural process of defense against infection involving accumulation of phagocytes.

The visible symptoms: rubor, calor, tumor, dolor, functio laesa.

Inflammatory responses can lead to healing or sequelae based on severity.

Local blood vessel dilation leading to increased permeability and edema.

The attraction of leukocytes to the site of injury due to chemical signals.

The first type of leukocytes to arrive at injury sites, highly mobile.

Substances that attract leukocytes to the infection site, including bacterial and complement factors.

Innate resistance common to all individuals of a species against infection.

Acquired immunity that develops throughout life due to exposure to infectious agents.

Mechanical, chemical, and biological barriers preventing microbial penetration.

Physical integrity of skin and mucous membranes preventing bacteria entry.

Substances like low pH, lysozyme, and hydrochloric acid that kill or inhibit bacteria.

Commensal flora that inhabit skin and mucous membranes, offering protection against pathogens.

An enzyme present in bodily secretions with a lytic effect on bacterial cell walls.

Levels of acidity or alkalinity that can deter microbial growth (e.g., stomach acid).

Pigments produced by some enterococci that color colonies yellow.

A rapid test identifying enterococci by their ability to hydrolyze pyrrolidonyl-beta-naphthylamide.

An enzyme produced by all enterococci, used for identification.

A test used to differentiate enterococci based on their ability to grow in bile and utilize esculin.

Enterococci are part of the natural bacteria found in the intestines.

Most common infections caused by enterococci, often linked to catheters.

Presence of bacteria in the bloodstream, often originating from the genitourinary tract.

Infectious condition causing inflammation of the heart's inner layer, involving enterococci in 5-15% of cases.