30 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of virulence in Salmonella?
Ability to promote invasion
What is the main function of exotoxins?
To inhibit host cell function
Which of the following is NOT an example of an AB toxin?
Staphylococcal α-toxin
What is the function of the B subunit in AB toxins?
To bind to host cell receptor and transfer a damaging agent across the cell membrane
Which of the following is a characteristic of Diphtheria and Cholera toxin?
ADP-Ribosyltransferase activity
Where is Clostridium botulinum which produces botulinum toxin commonly found?
In soil
What is the main effect of botulinum toxin on the body?
Blockage of Acetylcholine release
Which of the following statements about normal microflora is correct?
Normal microflora allows for growth of dangerous microorganisms
What is the role of the host in the symbiotic relationship with normal microflora?
The host provides a microenvironment that supports microbial growth
Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission for pathogens?
Comsumption
Which of the following is NOT an example of an opportunistic microbe?
E. coli (normal levels)
What is the definition of pathogenicity?
The ability of a pathogen to cause disease
What can Pneumocystis carinii can cause within individuals with AIDS's?
Lethal pneumonia
How is virulence measured?
By the number of cells required to kill 50% of the test animals
Which of the following can cause heart disease if they enter the bloodstream?
Oral streptococci
What are virulence factors?
Genes that encode factors allowing a pathogen to invade the host
Where does Pneumocystis carinii normally occur?
Upper respiratory tract
What are pathogenicity islands?
Sections of the genome that contain multiple virulence genes
In which group of individuals can Pneumocystis carinii cause lethal pneumonia?
AIDS patients
What is the function of capsules and slime layers in pathogenic bacteria?
To protect the bacteria from host defense mechanisms
Where does colonization by pathogens typically begin?
In mucous membranes
Which of the following toxins stimulates significantly more immune cells than normal, resulting in an inappropriately strong inflammatory immune response?
Superantigen toxins
Which of the following toxins can cause systemic shock and death?
S. aureus toxic shock syndrome toxin
Which component of the cell envelope of certain gram-negative bacteria is responsible for toxicity?
Lipid A
Which of the following is NOT true about endotoxins?
They cause scarlet fever
What can reduce host resistance and increase the probability of infection?
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can reduce host resistance?
Acute or chronic infection with another agent
Which of the following is responsible for the extensive inflammation and tissue damage caused by botulinum toxin?
Lack of well-developed microflora in infants
Salmonella species have three major sites of virulence factors, which is NOT one?
F prime plasmid
The process of infection is the start of a pathogens process and results in disease most often. Thus, infection is the growth and disease if the tissue damage/ injury that results from infection.
True
Test your knowledge on the invasion process of Streptococcus pneumoniae and its role in causing pneumonia. Learn about the importance of the capsule in evading the immune system and the conditions required for successful multiplication and infection.
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