Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements is NOT true about the atom $6C^{12}$?
Calculate the molecular weight of ethyl alcohol $C_2H_5OH$.
46
Which of the following is not true about enzymes?
Which of the following is NOT true?
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Which of the following is the type of bond holding $K^+$ and $I^-$ ions in $KI$?
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Which of the following is the type of bond between molecules of water in a beaker of water?
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What are the types of bonds holding hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the molecule $H_2O$?
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Identify the following reaction: Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose + Water.
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Identify the following reaction: Lactose + H2O = Glucose + Galactose.
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Identify the following reaction: HCl + NaHCO₃ = NaCl + H₂CO₃.
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Identify the following reaction: NH₄OH = NH₃ + H₂O.
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Which type of molecule contains the alcohol glycerol?
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Which type of molecule is composed of (CH₂O) units?
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Which type of molecule contains -NH₂ groups?
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Which type of molecule never contains a phosphate group?
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Which of the following statements is NOT true about the atom $16O^{8}$?
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Which of the following statements is NOT true?
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What is the type of bond between carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in organic molecules?
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What type of bond is between ions in salt?
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Identify the following reaction: $H_2O + CO_2 = H_2CO_3$.
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Identify the following reaction: $Sucrose + H_2O = Glucose + Fructose$.
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Structurally, ATP is most like this type of molecule.
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Which molecule has chemicals in genes?
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Which molecule is composed of a chain of amino acids?
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These are the primary molecules making up plasma membranes in cells.
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Oil-degrading bacteria are naturally present in the environment but cannot degrade an oil spill fast enough to avoid ecological damage. The actions of these bacteria can be sped up by?
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An E. coli culture that has been growing at 37 degrees C is moved to 25 degrees C. Which of the following changes must be made in its plasma membrane?
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Assume Saccharomyces cerevisiae is grown in a nutrient medium containing the radioisotope $^{35}S$. After 48 hours of incubation, the $^{35}S$ would most likely be found in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Assume Saccharomyces cerevisiae is grown in a nutrient medium containing the radioisotope $^{32}P$. After 48 hours of incubation, the $^{32}P$ would most likely be found in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Starch, dextran, glycogen, and cellulose are polymers of?
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Which of the following is a base?
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Two glucose molecules are combined to make a maltose molecule. The chemical formula for maltose is?
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Desulfovibrio bacteria can perform the following reactions: $S_6 ightarrow S_2$? These bacteria are?
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The antimicrobial drug imidazole inhibits sterol synthesis. This would most likely interfere with?
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Study Notes
Atoms and Molecular Weights
- Atom (6C^{12}) has 6 protons, 6 electrons, and 6 neutrons. Incorrect statement: It has 12 neutrons.
- Ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) has a molecular weight of 46.
Enzymes and Their Functions
- Enzymes reduce activation energy and are composed of proteins. Incorrect statement: Enzymes increase the number of collisions in reactions.
Water Properties and Reactions
- Water is polar, can dissolve salts, and participates in dehydration reactions. Incorrect statement: Water molecules are formed by hydrolysis.
- Types of bonds:
- Ionic bonds: Example is potassium iodide (KI).
- Hydrogen bonds: Occur between molecules of water.
- Covalent bonds: Hold hydrogen and oxygen in H2O.
Types of Chemical Reactions
- Dehydration synthesis combines glucose and fructose to form sucrose.
- Hydrolysis involves breaking lactose into glucose and galactose.
- Exchange reactions involve HCl and NaHCO3 forming NaCl and H2CO3.
- Reversible reactions can occur, as seen in NH4OH breaking down into NH3 and water.
Biological Molecules
- Glycerol is found in lipids.
- Carbohydrates are composed of (CH2O) units and never contain phosphate groups.
- Proteins contain -NH2 groups and consist of amino acid chains.
- Nucleic acids contain genetic material, while lipids primarily make up cell membranes.
Environmental Microbiology
- To enhance oil-degrading bacteria in oil spills, providing nitrogen and phosphorus is effective.
- Temperature changes require E. coli to increase unsaturated chains in its plasma membrane for adaptation.
Radioisotope Experiments
- After growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae with 35^S, it would mainly be found in proteins.
- With 32^P, it would predominantly be in plasma membranes.
Polymer Structure
- Starch, dextran, glycogen, and cellulose are polymers of glucose.
Acid-Base Chemistry
- NaOH dissociates into Na+ and OH-, classifying it as a base.
- Maltose is formed from two glucose molecules, with a chemical formula of (C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}).
Bacterial Reactions
- Desulfovibrio bacteria oxidize sulfur through the reaction (S_6 \rightarrow S_2).
- Imidazole, an antimicrobial drug, interferes with eukaryotic plasma membranes by inhibiting sterol synthesis.
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