Microbiology and Immune Responses Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following diseases is NOT typically transmitted through direct physical contact?

  • Measles
  • Staphylococcal infections
  • Giardiasis (correct)
  • Scarlet fever

Which of the following is NOT an example of a fomite?

  • A mosquito (correct)
  • A toothbrush
  • A used tissue
  • A contaminated needle

Which of the following is an example of a mechanical vector?

  • A mosquito carrying malaria
  • A flea carrying plague bacteria
  • A tick carrying Lyme disease
  • A fly carrying Salmonella on its legs (correct)

Which of the following is NOT an application of microbiology in the field of medicine?

<p>Production of synthetic fertilizers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between droplet transmission and airborne transmission?

<p>Droplet transmission involves larger particles that travel shorter distances, while airborne transmission involves smaller particles that can travel longer distances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cellular components are responsible for protein synthesis?

<p>Ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lysosomes?

<p>Break down cellular waste and foreign substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between cilia and flagella?

<p>Cilia move substances past the cell surface, while flagella move the entire cell. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a nonspecific defense mechanism against infection?

<p>Phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of interferons in the immune response?

<p>Protecting uninfected cells from viral infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation?

<p>Coldness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between cell-mediated immunity and antibody-mediated immunity?

<p>Cell-mediated immunity targets mainly viruses and fungi, while antibody-mediated immunity targets mainly bacteria. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is responsible for producing antibodies?

<p>Plasma cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the group of proteins that activate each other in a chain reaction to initiate an immune response?

<p>Complements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of a microbe to cause disease?

<p>Virulence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a spore form of bacteria?

<p>Metabolically active (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups of organisms are classified as prokaryotes?

<p>Bacteria and Archaea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a branch of study under Microbiology?

<p>Astrobiology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following microorganisms is a non-cellular entity that infects plants?

<p>Viroids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between viruses, viroids, and prions?

<p>All three are non-cellular entities, but only viruses have genetic material. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on their cellular structure, which of the following pairs of organisms share a common characteristic?

<p>Bacteria and Fungi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of microorganisms is primarily responsible for the process of decomposition?

<p>Bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of how microorganisms are used in biotechnology?

<p>Production of antibiotics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Viruses can reproduce independently without a host.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Microbiology

The study of organisms too small to be seen without magnification.

Microorganisms

Small living organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths, algae, and prions.

Prokaryotes

Unicellular organisms with no nucleus, including bacteria and archaea.

Eukaryotes

Organisms with a mature nucleus, including algae, fungi, and protozoa.

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Taxonomy

The formal system of organizing, classifying, and naming living organisms.

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Sporulation

The process where vegetative cells form spores under unfavorable conditions.

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Endospores

Inert, resting forms of bacteria that are resistant to harsh conditions.

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Bioremediation

The use of microbes to clean up environmental pollutants.

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Transient Flora

Microorganisms that remain temporarily in the body before disappearing.

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Opportunistic Pathogens

Normal flora that can cause disease when the body's balance is disturbed.

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Contact Transmission

Transmission of pathogens through physical contact with hosts or contaminated objects.

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Vector Transmission

Transmission of pathogens through living organisms, typically insects.

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Water-borne Transmission

Spread of pathogens through contaminated water or food.

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Germination

Process where spores turn into vegetative form when conditions improve.

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Mitochondria

Organelles that produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

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Ribosomes

Tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs, found free or on ER.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

Network of membranes involved in lipid and protein synthesis.

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Golgi Apparatus

Packaging and shipping center of the cell, modifying proteins.

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Phagocytosis

Process by which cells engulf and digest particles or pathogens.

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Inflammation

Body's response to tissue damage, characterized by redness, heat, and swelling.

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Cell-mediated Immunity

Type of immunity produced by T-cells targeting viruses and fungi.

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Antibody-mediated Immunity

Type of immunity produced by B-cells, primarily against bacteria.

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Normal Flora

Beneficial microorganisms living in and on the body.

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Study Notes

Microbiology

  • Study of organisms too small to see without magnification
  • Originated with the invention of the microscope
  • Microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths (worms), algae, and prions

Branches of Study

  • Immunology
  • Public health microbiology and epidemiology
  • Food, dairy, and aquatic microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology
  • Manipulating genes

Microbes and their Roles

  • Nutrient production and energy flow
  • Decomposition
  • Biotechnology (e.g., food, drug, vaccine production)
  • Genetic engineering
  • Bioremediation
  • Infectious disease

Classification of Microorganisms (Protists)

I. Cellular

  • Prokaryotes: Lack a true nucleus (e.g., Archaea, bacteria, blue-green algae)
  • Eukaryotes: Contain a true nucleus (e.g., algae other than blue-green, fungi, protozoans)

II. Non-Cellular

  • Viruses, viroids, prions

Taxonomy

  • Formal system for organizing, classifying, and naming living organisms

Bacterial Life Cycle

  • Vegetative Form: Metabolically active, growing, and multiplying, capable of causing infection
  • Spore Form: Inert, resting, non-growing, non-multiplying, highly resistant form that can survive for years.

Cytoplasmic Organelles

  • Mitochondria: Power site, contains ATP
  • Ribosomes: Involved in protein synthesis
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Smooth (lipid synthesis), Rough (protein synthesis)
  • Golgi Apparatus: Shipping center
  • Lysosomes: Contain digestive enzymes
  • Centrioles: Cell division
  • Cilia: Short, hair-like structures for movement
  • Flagella: Long, whip-like structures for movement
  • Chloroplasts: In algae and plant cells, convert sun energy into chemical energy

Defense Mechanisms Against Infection

  • Nonspecific Mechanisms: Act against all harmful agents; provide nonspecific resistance
  • Specific Mechanisms: Act against particular agents; provide specific resistance (immunity)

Modes of Transmission

  • Contact Transmission: Direct (physical touch) or indirect (fomites)
  • Droplet Transmission: Infectious agents transmitted via respiratory droplets (travel less than 1 meter)
  • Airborne Transmission: Infectious agents traveling more than 1 meter
  • Water-borne and Food-borne Transmission: Pathogens through contaminated water or food
  • Bodily Fluid Transmission: Transmission through blood, urine, saliva, etc.
  • Vector Transmission: Animals (biological vectors) or objects (mechanical vectors) carrying the agent

Applied Microbiology

  • Food production (yogurt, bread, wine, beer)
  • Water treatment
  • Pharmaceutical agents (penicillin)
  • Agriculture (fertilizers)
  • Bioremediation
  • Forensics

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Microbiology PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on microbiology and the immune system with this comprehensive quiz. Explore topics such as disease transmission, cellular components, and defense mechanisms against infection. Perfect for students in medical microbiology or those interested in understanding how our body fights pathogens.

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