مهمة اللغة النفسية وفقاً للمحتوى المستعرض

Course Information

• Course Title: فن الكتابة والتعبير
• Department: قسم المساقات الخدمية
• Faculty: كلية اللغات والآداب
• University: جامعة جدارا
• Instructor: الدكتور علي سامي الحلاق
• Semester: الفصل الدراسي الأول
• Year: 2021/2020

Importance of Expression

• Language is a crucial tool for expressing thoughts, feelings, and ideas effectively.
• Expression is vital for individuals and societies. It helps in communication, understanding, and social interactions.
• Clear and effective expression is essential for academic and professional success.

Types of Expression

• Oral Expression: The spoken form of communication.
• Written Expression: The written form of communication.
  • Functional/Practical Expression: Used in everyday social situations (introducing oneself, making apologies, telling stories).
  • Creative/Expressive Expression: Characterized by emotion and personal style (children's literature, poetry, plays).

Aims of Expression

• Cognitive Skills: Develop the ability to structure thoughts into sentences, form paragraph, combine paragraphs into meaningful texts.
• Improve Language Skills: Develop oral and written communication abilities.
• Social Integration: Prepare individuals to effectively participate in social scenarios in real-life contexts.
• Emotional Development: Enhance sensitivity toward language and use language in expressing views concisely.
• Enhancing Knowledge: Develop vocabulary, enhance intellectual skills, and stimulate critical thinking.
• Enhancing Creativity: Foster originality in expression and enable the creation of various written forms.
• Accuracy in Expression: Improve precision in choosing words and phrasing for clear and effective communication.
• Avoid Repetition: Focus only on unique information.

Language and its Significance

• Language is a fundamental aspect of human life, representing a significant human achievement.
• It's crucial for understanding and interaction among people.
• Language shapes thoughts and helps in navigating daily life.
• It transmits culture across generations.
• Language is a potent tool for expressing emotions and shaping one's individuality.

Language Characteristics

• Arbitrary/Conventional: Governed by societal norms and customs rather than logic.
• Vocal/Auditory: Primarily based on sounds.
• Systematic: Composed of structured elements (sounds, words, grammar).
• Human: Unique to humans.
• Social: Acquired and developed within social contexts.
• Learned: Not innate, requires active engagement and interaction.
• Dynamic/Progressive: Constantly evolving with shifts in culture and society.

Proficiency in Language

• Comprehension and Understanding: Understanding vocabulary and sentence structures.
• Intelligence: A key factor influencing language development.
• Healthy Hearing: Essential for language acquisition through mimicry of sounds.
• Practice: Consistent use and application are crucial for language skill development.
• Vocal Apparatus: Ability to articulate and produce sounds correctly.
• Age: Fluency often increases with age.
• Imitation: Learning through observation and repetition is vital to language acquisition.

Communication

• Communication (Oral/Written): Has two aspects: cognitive (sender and receiver) and linguistic (speaking, listening, writing, reading).
• Communication Process: Sequential stages: Message awareness, Encoding, Selection of channel, Decoding, and Response.

Mass Communication

• Characteristics: Large audience, diverse demographic features, one-way communication.
• Purposes: To establish new trends, promote existing trends, and change trends to a degree.
• Types of media include: Print media (newspapers, magazines), Audio media (radio), Visual media (television), and Digital media (internet).

Writing: Origin and Types

• Historical context, functionality, and importance of written language throughout history.
• Creative Writing: Based on author's unique perspective, expressing personal experiences and emotions in unique ways.
• Functional Writing: Serving a practical purpose, such as letters, reports, and documents.

Writing Steps (Practical Writing)

• Planning Stage: Defining the objectives, analyzing the content, generating ideas.
• Execution Stage: Creating the text structure and content.
• Review Stage: Editing, checking the material, refining the style.

Writing Skills

• Content Selection: Choosing appropriate subjects, details, and examples for the writing.
• Organization: Structuring the content (paragraphs) logically.
• Sentence Construction: Forming grammatically correct and coherent sentences.
• Vocabulary/Phrasing: Choosing precise terms for effective expression.
• Grammar: Adhering to grammatical rules.
• Style: Using appropriate writing styles for different contexts.
• Formatting: Organizing the document in a readable manner using format conventions.
• Proofreading: Correcting errors in grammar, punctuation, spelling, and style.

Improving Student Expression

• Promote varied writing topics relevant to student experiences.
• Encourage consistent reading and practice.
• Engage students in interactive discussions.
• Offer feedback on written work, focusing on improvement.

يتناول هذا الاختبار المفاهيم المرتبطة بالمهمة النفسية للغة وكيفية استخدامها في التعبير عن الانفعالات والتواصل. يتم تقديم أسئلة تعكس آراء ابن جني وابن خلدون حول اللغة وتأثيرها في المجتمعات. كما يتناول الاختبار العوامل التي تؤثر على فهم الرسائل والتواصل الفعال.