17 Questions
What is the main function of enzymes in a chemical reaction?
To decrease the activation energy and speed up the reaction
Which enzyme classification involves the rearrangement of atoms?
Isomerase
What happens to enzyme activity when exposed to extreme temperatures or pH levels?
It decreases
What type of molecule is ATP?
Carbohydrate
Which process produces the MOST ATP in glucose catabolism?
Electron transport
What is common to all 3 pathways of carbohydrate catabolism?
Glycolysis
How are aerobic and anaerobic respiration different from each other?
Use different electron carriers
What has happened to the 6 carbons that were part of the glucose molecule by the end of Krebs cycle?
Released as CO2
How many total FADH2 have been made by the end of Krebs cycle?
2
What is the main function of an enzyme in a chemical reaction?
To decrease the activation energy of the reaction
What is a substrate in the context of enzyme action?
The chemical reactants upon which the enzyme acts
Which of the following is a characteristic of enzymes?
They are consumed in reactions
What is the role of coenzymes in enzyme action?
To help enzymes in catalyzing reactions
What is the main function of a coenzyme in an enzymatic reaction?
To transport electrons in the reaction
How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?
By decreasing the activation energy
What is the primary role of an enzyme in a chemical reaction?
To catalyze the reaction
Which molecule classification do coenzymes, such as NAD+ and FAD, belong to?
Non-protein organic molecules
Study Notes
Enzymes and Chemical Reactions
- The main function of enzymes is to speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.
- Enzymes that involve the rearrangement of atoms are classified as isomerases.
Enzyme Activity
- Extreme temperatures and pH levels can denature enzymes, leading to a significant decrease in enzyme activity.
- Denaturation causes the enzyme's active site to change shape, making it unable to bind to its substrate.
ATP and Energy Production
- ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is a high-energy molecule that provides energy for various cellular processes.
- The process of oxidative phosphorylation produces the most ATP in glucose catabolism.
Carbohydrate Catabolism
- Common to all 3 pathways of carbohydrate catabolism (glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain) is the breakdown of glucose to produce energy.
Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
- Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen, producing a net gain of 36-38 ATP molecules.
- Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen, producing a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.
Krebs Cycle and ATP Production
- By the end of the Krebs cycle, the 6 carbons from the original glucose molecule have been converted into CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
- A total of 2 FADH2 molecules are produced by the end of the Krebs cycle.
Enzyme Action and Substrates
- A substrate is the molecule that an enzyme binds to and catalyzes a chemical reaction with.
- Enzymes act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions without being consumed by the reaction.
- Enzymes are highly specific, meaning they only bind to specific substrates.
Coenzymes and Enzyme Action
- Coenzymes, such as NAD+ and FAD, are molecules that assist enzymes in catalyzing chemical reactions.
- The main function of a coenzyme is to facilitate the transfer of electrons or functional groups during enzymatic reactions.
- Coenzymes belong to the molecule classification of nucleotides.
Test your knowledge about catabolic and anabolic reactions, energy requirements, and enzymes in cellular metabolism. This quiz covers the examples of catabolic and anabolic processes, the role of enzymes as biological catalysts, and their interaction with substrates.
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