Metabolism: Anabolic and Catabolic Reactions

<p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To speed up the reaction rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allosteric effectors bind to a site other than the active site and alter the enzyme's shape to regulate its activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The product of a pathway inhibits an enzyme at the beginning of the pathway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By coupling them with negative $\Delta G$ reactions to yield a net negative $\Delta G$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP hydrolysis is the most common means of reaction coupling to generate phosphorylated intermediates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NADH (or NADPH) is a high-energy electron carrier that captures electrons from organic molecules for later energy extraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy can be neither created nor destroyed, but can be transformed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enthalpy is the total energy of a system, entropy is a measure of disorder, and free energy is the energy available to do work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anabolic reactions have a positive $\Delta G$ and are endergonic, while catabolic reactions have a negative $\Delta G$ and are exergonic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes lower the activation energy barrier for negative $\Delta G$ reactions, allowing them to proceed more rapidly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxidation is the loss of electrons, and reduction is the gain of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bind at a different site to alter the protein's shape and regulate enzyme activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Product of the pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Act as an electron carrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through hydrolysis of ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$ADP + Pi \rightleftharpoons ATP$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$ADP + Pi \rightleftharpoons ATP$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ul> <li>Decrease energy required for the reaction</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$Reduction$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anabolic and catabolic reactions are connected in a network of reaction pathways that make up the cell's overall metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy is transformed in many ways, but some energy is always lost through an increase in entropy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Free energy ($\Delta G$) is the difference between enthalpy and entropy, and it determines the spontaneity of a reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes reduce the activation energy of a reaction, making it more likely to occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes and substrates form an enzyme-substrate complex through induced fit, which optimizes their interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP provides the energy required to drive anabolic reactions that have a positive $\Delta G$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative feedback inhibits the activity of enzymes in a pathway when the final product is in excess, reducing the rate of the pathway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NADH and NADPH are high-energy electron carriers that provide the reducing power required for anabolic reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metabolic pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers