Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is an example of an addictive disorder?
What is an example of an addictive disorder?
Which of the following involves compulsive gambling despite negative effects?
Which of the following involves compulsive gambling despite negative effects?
What characterizes internet gaming disorder?
What characterizes internet gaming disorder?
Why may someone continue a behavior despite negative effects?
Why may someone continue a behavior despite negative effects?
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Which mental disorder involves using a substance even if it causes harm?
Which mental disorder involves using a substance even if it causes harm?
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How is addiction described in terms of mental illness?
How is addiction described in terms of mental illness?
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How does addictive behavior affect personal life?
How does addictive behavior affect personal life?
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Which disorder is NOT an example of an addictive disorder?
Which disorder is NOT an example of an addictive disorder?
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What happens when a person with internet gaming disorder tries to stop gaming?
What happens when a person with internet gaming disorder tries to stop gaming?
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In the context of addictive disorders, what is one significant challenge faced by individuals?
In the context of addictive disorders, what is one significant challenge faced by individuals?
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Study Notes
Mental Illnesses
- Mental illnesses impair people's ability to function in daily life
- They are treatable and many people affected by mental illnesses have active, productive, and fulfilling lives
- Mental illnesses can be caused by biological, social, and environmental factors
- Co-occurring disorders, also known as dual diagnosis disorders, are common among people with mental health conditions
Factors Affecting Mental Health
- Biological factors: genes, body chemistry, brain health
- Social factors: relationships, quality of life, social support
- Environmental factors: stress, trauma, exposure to toxins
- Co-occurring disorders can include substance use disorder and mental health conditions
Anxiety Disorders
- Anxiety is a feeling of nervousness and worry about unknown or future situations
- Anxiety disorders: generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias
- Physical symptoms of anxiety: headaches, insomnia, trembling, sweating, numbness or tingling in parts of the body
- Anxiety disorders are the most common mental illnesses in the United States
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
- Feeling extreme and constant anxiety about parts of daily life
- Anxiety persists almost every day for at least six months
- Physical symptoms: fatigue, muscle tension, difficulty sleeping
- Constant intense anxiety makes it difficult to carry out daily tasks
Social Anxiety Disorder
- Feeling intensely anxious about social situations in which others might judge them
- Avoiding social situations to the point that it interferes with everyday life
- Physical symptoms: trembling, sweating, numbness or tingling in parts of the body
Panic Attacks
- Episodes of intense fear characterized by fast heartbeat, dizziness, shaking, trouble breathing, and chest pain
- Panic disorder: recurring panic attacks that occur for no rational reason or anytime without warning
Phobias
- Strong, unrealistic fear of an object or situation that does not pose much, if any, danger
- People with phobias take active steps to avoid objects or situations they fear
- This can interfere with daily life and relationships
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- Factors that influence symptoms: biological sex, males: frequent movement, impulsivity, physical aggression; females: inattentiveness, daydreaming, low self-esteem, verbal aggression
- Symptoms: disrupt daily life for at least six months, make it difficult to complete everyday tasks, develop during childhood and can continue into adulthood
Executive Function Disorders (EFD)
- Chronic difficulty performing daily tasks
- Struggling to analyze, plan, organize, schedule, and complete tasks in a timely manner
- Difficulty working towards long-term goals
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
- Recurring and uncontrollable thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
- Uncontrollable thoughts (obsessions) and repeated actions (compulsions)
- Examples of obsessions and compulsions: order and symmetry, bad consequences to actions or inactions, contamination and germs, safety of loved ones
Mood Disorders
- People with mood disorders experience extreme changes in their mood
- These changes affect their thoughts, behavior, and overall well-being
Major Depressive Disorder
- Feelings of disappointment, hopelessness, and worthlessness
- Difficulty concentrating, making decisions, and experiencing pleasure
- Changes in appetite, sleep patterns, and energy levels
- Trouble maintaining relationships, work, or school performance
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
- A seasonal illness that causes symptoms similar to those of major depressive disorder
- Symptoms occur during the winter months when there is less natural sunlight
- Treatment may include professional therapy and/or light therapy
Personality and Behavioral Disorders
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Antisocial Personality Disorder: lack of empathy for other people, defiance or disrespect to authority figures
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Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder: perfectionism, control, and order
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Borderline Personality Disorder: instability in self-concept and relationships, fear of abandonment### Personality Disorders
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Paranoid Personality Disorder: characterized by extreme paranoia and mistrust of others without reason
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder: marked by an exaggerated sense of self-importance, need for excessive attention and admiration, and difficulty in relationships
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Schizoid Personality Disorder: characterized by avoidance of social activities and limited emotional expression
Substance Use Disorder
- Consequences of substance use include:
- Risky behavior, physical health consequences, injury while intoxicated, overdose, and financial instability
- Loss of hygiene, routine, and relationships, as well as increased risk of stroke, heart attack, and death
- Anxiety, depression, loneliness, and suicidal thoughts
- Substance use disorder occurs with another mental illness (comorbidity)
- Stages of substance use disorder:
- Experimentation: initial use of a substance for pleasure
- Regular use: gradual increase in substance use
- Tolerance: body's need for increased amounts of a substance to experience effects
- Dependence: physical and psychological reliance on a substance
- Withdrawal: negative symptoms when stopping or reducing substance use
Addictive Disorders
- Addictive disorders: mental illnesses characterized by psychological dependence on a process or behavior
- Examples include gambling disorder and internet gaming disorder
Review Questions
- Role of genetics and life experiences in mental illness development
- Difference between anxiety disorder and everyday anxiety
- Difference between ADHD and OCD
- Characteristics of a mood disorder
- Personality disorder characterized by extreme shifts in attitudes about others
- Challenges of stopping substance use in substance use disorder
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Description
Learn about different types of mental illnesses, including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and personality disorders. Understand individual and environmental factors that influence mental health.
