Mental Disorders and Diagnosis Overview

Which of the following best describes the biopsychosocial model of mental disorders?

What is the primary purpose of the DSM-5-TR?

Which neurotransmitter is most strongly linked to schizophrenia?

Which type of research study tracks the same group of individuals over a long period?

Which of the following is an example of a categorical approach to diagnosis?

A 35-year-old woman reports persistent worry about finances, work, and personal relationships for over six months. She experiences restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and muscle tension. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 24-year-old man exhibits extreme fluctuations in mood. He has weeks of excessive energy, little sleep, impulsive spending, and increased social activity, followed by weeks of extreme sadness and lack of motivation. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following research methods would best determine if Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) contribute to depression in adulthood?

Which intervention would be most appropriate for a client with PTSD who avoids trauma reminders and has flashbacks?

A school psychologist is assessing a child with hyperactivity, impulsivity, and difficulty sustaining attention across multiple settings. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following statements about comorbidity is TRUE?

Why was the bereavement exclusion removed from Major Depressive Disorder in DSM-5-TR?

Which of the following best describes trauma-informed care (TIC)?

Which factor is an example of a Protective Childhood Experience (PCE)?

How does cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) treat depression?

Psychopathology refers only to severe mental disorders.

A longitudinal study is best suited for understanding the long-term effects of childhood trauma.

Schizophrenia is caused exclusively by environmental factors.

Protective Childhood Experiences (PCEs) can buffer against the effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs).

The DSM-5-TR requires a biological test for diagnosing all mental disorders.

A 22-year-old college student reports hearing voices that tell him to avoid his friends. He also believes that his professors are sending him secret messages through lecture slides. His hygiene has declined, and he has withdrawn from social activities. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A combat veteran frequently experiences nightmares, avoids crowded places, and has exaggerated startle responses. He also reports constant worrying about finances and relationships. How would you differentiate PTSD from Generalized Anxiety Disorder in this case?

A 30-year-old woman grew up in a home where she witnessed domestic violence, suffered emotional neglect, and had parents with substance use issues. Now, she struggles with trust in relationships, experiences chronic anxiety, and has difficulty regulating emotions. Which framework best explains the long-term effects of her early life experiences?

A 40-year-old man with major depressive disorder has not responded well to SSRIs and psychotherapy. His depression is severe, and he has suicidal thoughts. Which treatment option would be considered next?

A clinician is treating a Latinx client with anxiety, who believes their symptoms stem from "nervios" (a culturally recognized concept of distress). The clinician dismisses this and insists on a Western model of anxiety. What is the clinician failing to practice?