DSM-5-TR Overview and Concepts

DSM-5-TR & Related Topics

• Mental Disorder Criteria: A mental disorder in DSM-5-TR requires significant distress or impairment, dysfunction in psychological, biological, or developmental processes, but not necessarily a biologically identifiable cause, and may not be culturally expected.

• DSM-5-TR Definition: Primarily relies on a combination of categorical and dimensional models for classifying mental disorders.

• Neurodevelopmental Disorder (example): Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent difficulties in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors.

• Personality Disorder Classification Change: DSM-5-TR introduced a dimensional model to classify personality disorders, instead of a categorical model.

• Multifinality: In developmental psychopathology, multifinality refers to the concept that same risk factors can lead to diverse outcomes.

• DSM-5-TR Trauma-related Approach: The DSM-5-TR approach to trauma and stress-related disorders emphasizes cultural and gender considerations during assessment. Trauma- related disorders are diagnosed with consideration of time elapsed since the trauma exposure.

• DSM-5-TR Criticisms: The main criticism of DSM-5-TR is that it expands diagnostic criteria potentially leading to over-pathologization, and that it may over-emphasize diagnostic criteria by not fully addressing the importance of environmental factors.

• Key Difference between DSM-5 and DSM-5-TR: DSM-5-TR includes significant changes in diagnostic criteria in several areas, in particular including the addition of Prolonged Grief Disorder as new diagnosis.

• DSM-5-TR Diagnostic Tools: Section III of DSM-5-TR contains emerging measures and models, including tools like the Cultural Formulation Interview.

• Harmful Dysfunction (Wakefield's Model): A conceptual model of mental disorders arguing that a disorder must be both scientifically dysfunctional and socially harmful..

• Comorbidity: The presence of two or more mental disorders occurring simultaneously in an individual.

• Bereavement Exclusion: The exclusion of bereavement in diagnosing Major Depressive Disorder has been removed in DSM-5-TR.

• Trauma-Related Disorders: The DSM-5-TR system expands the classification of trauma-related disorders by integrating recognition for complex trauma, and cultural factors affecting the experience of trauma.

• Diagnosis Confirmation: DSM-5-TR does not require specific, neurobiological markers for confirming every mental disorder diagnosis.