Refined Midterm Practice Quiz PDF

Refined Midterm Practice Quiz (Based on Predicted Exam Structure & Study Guide) 1. **Which of the following best describes the biopsychosocial model of mental disorders?**\ a) A purely biological approach to mental illness\ b) A framework integrating biological, psychological, and soci...

Refined Midterm Practice Quiz (Based on Predicted Exam Structure & Study Guide) 1. **Which of the following best describes the biopsychosocial model of mental disorders?**\ a) A purely biological approach to mental illness\ b) A framework integrating biological, psychological, and social factors\ c) A model that only considers childhood experiences\ d) A system used solely for diagnosing anxiety disorders 2. **What is the primary purpose of the DSM-5-TR?**\ a) To provide treatment guidelines for all mental disorders\ b) To classify and diagnose mental disorders using specific criteria\ c) To explain the causes of all mental illnesses\ d) To eliminate cultural bias in psychiatric diagnosis 3. **Which neurotransmitter is most strongly linked to schizophrenia?**\ a) Serotonin\ b) Dopamine\ c) GABA\ d) Norepinephrine 4. **Which type of research study tracks the same group of individuals over a long period?**\ a) Cross-sectional study\ b) Case study\ c) Longitudinal study\ d) Experimental study 5. **Which of the following is an example of a categorical approach to diagnosis?**\ a) Measuring symptoms on a severity scale\ b) Classifying disorders into discrete types\ c) Recognizing that disorders exist on a continuum\ d) Focusing only on risk factors for disorders **(Application-Based -- 50%)** 6. **A 35-year-old woman reports persistent worry about finances, work, and personal relationships for over six months. She experiences restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and muscle tension. What is the most likely diagnosis?**\ a) Panic disorder\ b) Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)\ c) Major depressive disorder\ d) Obsessive-compulsive disorder 7. **A 24-year-old man exhibits extreme fluctuations in mood. He has weeks of excessive energy, little sleep, impulsive spending, and increased social activity, followed by weeks of extreme sadness and lack of motivation. What is the most likely diagnosis?**\ a) Major depressive disorder\ b) Generalized anxiety disorder\ c) Bipolar disorder\ d) Schizophrenia 8. **Which of the following research methods would best determine if Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) contribute to depression in adulthood?**\ a) Cross-sectional study\ b) Experimental study\ c) Longitudinal study\ d) Case study 9. **Which intervention would be most appropriate for a client with PTSD who avoids trauma reminders and has flashbacks?**\ a) Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with exposure therapy\ b) Psychoanalysis\ c) Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)\ d) Benzodiazepine treatment only 10. **A school psychologist is assessing a child with hyperactivity, impulsivity, and difficulty sustaining attention across multiple settings. What is the most likely diagnosis?**\ a) Autism Spectrum Disorder\ b) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)\ c) Social Anxiety Disorder\ d) Oppositional Defiant Disorder **(Critical Thinking -- 25%)** 11. **Which of the following statements about comorbidity is TRUE?**\ a) It simplifies treatment planning\ b) It occurs when two or more disorders exist in the same person\ c) It has no impact on symptom severity\ d) It is only found in anxiety disorders 12. **Why was the bereavement exclusion removed from Major Depressive Disorder in DSM-5-TR?**\ a) Because grief is now classified as a mental disorder\ b) To acknowledge that bereavement-related depression can be clinically significant\ c) To prevent overdiagnosis of depression\ d) To limit access to antidepressants 13. **Which of the following best describes trauma-informed care (TIC)?**\ a) A treatment approach focusing only on PTSD\ b) A framework that minimizes re-traumatization and prioritizes safety\ c) A method of ignoring past trauma to focus on present coping skills\ d) A strategy used only in military settings 14. **Which factor is an example of a Protective Childhood Experience (PCE)?**\ a) A parent with substance use disorder\ b) A stable and supportive caregiver\ c) Exposure to domestic violence\ d) Chronic neglect in childhood 15. **How does cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) treat depression?**\ a) By focusing only on past trauma\ b) By challenging negative thought patterns and changing behaviors\ c) By using medication to correct neurotransmitter imbalances\ d) By encouraging avoidance of distressing situations **Section 2: True or False** 16. **Psychopathology refers only to severe mental disorders.** *(False)* 17. **A longitudinal study is best suited for understanding the long-term effects of childhood trauma.** *(True)* 18. **Schizophrenia is caused exclusively by environmental factors.** *(False)* 19. **Protective Childhood Experiences (PCEs) can buffer against the effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs).** *(True)* 20. **The DSM-5-TR requires a biological test for diagnosing all mental disorders.** *(False)* **Case-Based Scenarios (Predicted Midterm Questions)** 1. **Case: Schizophrenia Diagnosis** - A 22-year-old college student reports hearing voices that tell him to avoid his friends. He also believes that his professors are sending him secret messages through lecture slides. His hygiene has declined, and he has withdrawn from social activities. **What is the most likely diagnosis?** 2. **Case: PTSD vs. GAD** - A combat veteran frequently experiences nightmares, avoids crowded places, and has exaggerated startle responses. He also reports constant worrying about finances and relationships. **How would you differentiate PTSD from Generalized Anxiety Disorder in this case?** 3. **Case: Impact of ACEs on Adulthood** - A 30-year-old woman grew up in a home where she witnessed domestic violence, suffered emotional neglect, and had parents with substance use issues. Now, she struggles with trust in relationships, experiences chronic anxiety, and has difficulty regulating emotions. **Which framework best explains the long-term effects of her early life experiences?**\ a) Biopsychosocial Model\ b) Classical Conditioning\ c) Dimensional Model of Psychopathology\ d) Personality Theory 4. **Case: Treatment Selection** - A 40-year-old man with major depressive disorder has not responded well to SSRIs and psychotherapy. His depression is severe, and he has suicidal thoughts. **Which treatment option would be considered next?**\ a) Benzodiazepines\ b) Cognitive Processing Therapy\ c) Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)\ d) Exposure Therapy 5. **Case: Cultural Competence in Therapy** - A clinician is treating a Latinx client with anxiety, who believes their symptoms stem from \"nervios\" (a culturally recognized concept of distress). The clinician dismisses this and insists on a Western model of anxiety. **What is the clinician failing to practice?**\ a) Evidence-based practice\ b) Cultural competence\ c) Psychoeducation\ d) Medication adherence **Section 1: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Answer Key** **(Foundational Knowledge -- 25%)** 1. **(b) A framework integrating biological, psychological, and social factors** - **The biopsychosocial model considers all three aspects when understanding mental disorders.** 2. **(b) To classify and diagnose mental disorders using specific criteria** - **The DSM-5-TR is a diagnostic manual that helps clinicians identify mental disorders based on standardized symptoms.** 3. **(b) Dopamine** - **Schizophrenia is strongly linked to dopamine dysregulation, and antipsychotic medications work by blocking dopamine receptors.** 4. **(c) Longitudinal study** - **A longitudinal study follows the same individuals over time to assess developmental changes or long-term effects of variables.** 5. **(b) Classifying disorders into discrete types** - **A categorical model treats mental disorders as distinct entities (e.g., you either have schizophrenia or you don\'t).** **(Application-Based -- 50%)** 6. **(b) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)** - **GAD is characterized by excessive, persistent worry about multiple aspects of life, lasting at least six months.** 7. **(c) Bipolar disorder** - **Episodes of mania (elevated energy, impulsive spending) and depression suggest bipolar disorder.** 8. **(c) Longitudinal study** - **Since ACEs impact long-term development, a longitudinal study is best for assessing their effects over time.** 9. **(a) Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with exposure therapy** - **CBT with exposure therapy is the gold standard for PTSD, helping patients gradually confront trauma reminders.** 10. **(b) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)** - **ADHD involves hyperactivity, impulsivity, and difficulty sustaining attention across multiple settings.** **(Critical Thinking -- 25%)** 11. **(b) It occurs when two or more disorders exist in the same person** - **Comorbidity refers to the co-occurrence of mental disorders (e.g., depression + anxiety).** 12. **(b) To acknowledge that bereavement-related depression can be clinically significant** - **The bereavement exclusion was removed because grief-related depression can be just as severe as other types of depression.** 13. **(b) A framework that minimizes re-traumatization and prioritizes safety** - **Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) ensures that clinical practices avoid re-traumatizing individuals with past trauma.** 14. **(b) A stable and supportive caregiver** - **Protective Childhood Experiences (PCEs) like having a nurturing caregiver help build resilience against adversity.** 15. **(b) By challenging negative thought patterns and changing behaviors** - **CBT helps identify and correct maladaptive thought patterns contributing to depression.** **Section 2: True or False Answer Key** 16. **False** - **Psychopathology refers to all mental disorders, not just severe ones.** 17. **True** - **A longitudinal study is best for assessing the long-term effects of childhood trauma.** 18. **False** - **Schizophrenia is caused by both genetic and environmental factors.** 19. **True** - **Protective Childhood Experiences (PCEs) can reduce the negative effects of ACEs.** 20. **False** - **DSM-5-TR does not require a biological test for diagnosing mental disorders.** **Case-Based Scenarios Answer Key (With Explanations)** **1. Case: Schizophrenia Diagnosis** **Correct Answer: Schizophrenia** - **Hallucinations (hearing voices) and delusions (believing professors send secret messages) are positive symptoms.** - **Negative symptoms include social withdrawal and poor hygiene.** - **Meets DSM-5-TR criteria for schizophrenia (at least two symptoms for a significant portion of time over one month).** **2. Case: PTSD vs. GAD** **Correct Answer: PTSD with comorbid Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)** - **PTSD symptoms: nightmares, avoidance, hyperarousal.** - **GAD symptoms: excessive worry not tied to trauma.** - **Key difference: PTSD is trauma-related, while GAD is generalized worry.** **3. Case: Impact of ACEs on Adulthood** **Correct Answer: (a) Biopsychosocial Model** - **ACEs impact mental health via biological (HPA dysregulation), psychological (emotional dysregulation), and social factors (relationship difficulties).** **4. Case: Treatment Selection for Severe Depression** **Correct Answer: (c) Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)** - **ECT is used for treatment-resistant depression, especially when suicidal thoughts are present.** **5. Case: Cultural Competence in Therapy** **Correct Answer: (b) Cultural Competence** - **A culturally competent clinician would acknowledge \"nervios\" as a valid cultural concept and integrate it into treatment.**