Mendel's Principles of Heredity Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not one of the four general assumptions of Mendel's work?

  • Mendel’s laws apply to all sexually reproducing organisms
  • Observable variation is essential for following genes from one generation to another
  • Variation is not inherited by genetic laws (correct)
  • Variation is widespread in nature and provides for continuously evolving diversity

What is the basic unit of heredity?

  • Protein
  • RNA
  • Gene (correct)
  • Chromosome

Which process transmits traits from one generation to the next?

  • Heredity (correct)
  • Reproduction
  • Mutation
  • Evolution

What example is given for a trait caused by a single change in a single gene?

<p>Sickle-cell anemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of Chapter 01 in the book?

<p>Genetic Analysis According to Mendel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which genes transmit traits from one generation to the next?

<p>Heredity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of variations are essential for following genes from one generation to another?

<p>Observable variation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of traits are caused by complex interactions between many genes?

<p>Polygenic traits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the process by which genes transmit traits from one generation to the next?

<p>Heredity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be considered as a result of continuously evolving diversity according to Mendel?

<p>Variation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides for continuously evolving diversity according to Mendel?

<p>Observable variation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the cornerstone of modern genetics, according to the text?

<p>Mendel's paper 'Experiments in plant hybrids' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Mendel's experimental organism, the garden pea, contribute to his successful experiments?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Mendel's study of seven pairs of traits in peas reveal?

<p>The law of segregation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Mendel propose about the traits and units of inheritance?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes Mendel’s law of segregation?

<p>The two alleles for each trait separate during gamete formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Punnett square in genetics?

<p>To visualize the segregation and random union of alleles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Mendel, what happens during gamete formation?

<p>Two gametes, one from each parent, unite at random at fertilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reflects the basic rules of probability in Mendel's results?

<p>Product rule: probability of two independent events occurring together is the product of their individual probabilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common molecular explanation for dominant and recessive alleles?

<p>The trait that appears in progeny is the dominant form (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Mendel cross to obtain F1 progeny with only one parental trait?

<p>Pollen from yellow peas fertilized eggs from green peas (shown) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Mendel include within his controlled breeding program of pea plants?

<p>Reciprocal crosses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were two misleading theories of inheritance at the time of Mendel’s studies?

<p>The homunculus theory and blended inheritance theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenotype of an individual with genotype yy?

<p>Green (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the F2 progeny, what is the ratio of individuals with genotype YY to individuals with genotype Yy from the cross Yy × Yy?

<p>2:1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a testcross of an individual with unknown genotype to a homozygous recessive individual, what would reveal that the unknown individual is heterozygous?

<p>Some offspring have the dominant phenotype and some have the recessive phenotype (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Mendel's dihybrid crosses aim to investigate?

<p>The simultaneous inheritance of multiple genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Mendel's dihybrid crosses, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 progeny?

<p>9:3:3:1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Mendel's dihybrid crosses regarding parental types and recombinant types?

<p>Both parental and recombinant types were observed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Mendel's law of independent assortment, how do different pairs of alleles segregate during gamete formation?

<p>They segregate independently of each other (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a testcross on dihybrids?

<p>To determine the genotype of an individual with unknown phenotype (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Mendel's dihybrid crosses reveal about gamete formation?

<p>Different pairs of alleles segregate independently during gamete formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ratio does a F1 dihybrid produce in terms of possible gametes?

<p>1:4 Y R, 1/4 Y r, 1/4 y R, 1/4 y r (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Mendel's dihybrid crosses aim to investigate?

<p>The simultaneous inheritance of multiple genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers
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