Mendel's Principles of Heredity Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not one of the four general assumptions of Mendel's work?

  • Mendel’s laws apply to all sexually reproducing organisms
  • Observable variation is essential for following genes from one generation to another
  • Variation is not inherited by genetic laws (correct)
  • Variation is widespread in nature and provides for continuously evolving diversity

    • What is the basic unit of heredity?

  • Protein
  • RNA
  • Gene (correct)
  • Chromosome

    • Which process transmits traits from one generation to the next?

  • Heredity (correct)
  • Reproduction
  • Mutation
  • Evolution

    • What example is given for a trait caused by a single change in a single gene?

    <p>Sickle-cell anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of Chapter 01 in the book?

    <p>Genetic Analysis According to Mendel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which genes transmit traits from one generation to the next?

    <p>Heredity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of variations are essential for following genes from one generation to another?

    <p>Observable variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of traits are caused by complex interactions between many genes?

    <p>Polygenic traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the process by which genes transmit traits from one generation to the next?

    <p>Heredity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be considered as a result of continuously evolving diversity according to Mendel?

    <p>Variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides for continuously evolving diversity according to Mendel?

    <p>Observable variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the cornerstone of modern genetics, according to the text?

    <p>Mendel's paper 'Experiments in plant hybrids'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mendel's experimental organism, the garden pea, contribute to his successful experiments?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mendel's study of seven pairs of traits in peas reveal?

    <p>The law of segregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mendel propose about the traits and units of inheritance?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes Mendel’s law of segregation?

    <p>The two alleles for each trait separate during gamete formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Punnett square in genetics?

    <p>To visualize the segregation and random union of alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Mendel, what happens during gamete formation?

    <p>Two gametes, one from each parent, unite at random at fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reflects the basic rules of probability in Mendel's results?

    <p>Product rule: probability of two independent events occurring together is the product of their individual probabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common molecular explanation for dominant and recessive alleles?

    <p>The trait that appears in progeny is the dominant form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mendel cross to obtain F1 progeny with only one parental trait?

    <p>Pollen from yellow peas fertilized eggs from green peas (shown)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mendel include within his controlled breeding program of pea plants?

    <p>Reciprocal crosses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were two misleading theories of inheritance at the time of Mendel’s studies?

    <p>The homunculus theory and blended inheritance theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenotype of an individual with genotype yy?

    <p>Green</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the F2 progeny, what is the ratio of individuals with genotype YY to individuals with genotype Yy from the cross Yy × Yy?

    <p>2:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a testcross of an individual with unknown genotype to a homozygous recessive individual, what would reveal that the unknown individual is heterozygous?

    <p>Some offspring have the dominant phenotype and some have the recessive phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mendel's dihybrid crosses aim to investigate?

    <p>The simultaneous inheritance of multiple genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Mendel's dihybrid crosses, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 progeny?

    <p>9:3:3:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of Mendel's dihybrid crosses regarding parental types and recombinant types?

    <p>Both parental and recombinant types were observed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Mendel's law of independent assortment, how do different pairs of alleles segregate during gamete formation?

    <p>They segregate independently of each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a testcross on dihybrids?

    <p>To determine the genotype of an individual with unknown phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mendel's dihybrid crosses reveal about gamete formation?

    <p>Different pairs of alleles segregate independently during gamete formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ratio does a F1 dihybrid produce in terms of possible gametes?

    <p>1:4 Y R, 1/4 Y r, 1/4 y R, 1/4 y r</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mendel's dihybrid crosses aim to investigate?

    <p>The simultaneous inheritance of multiple genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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