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Questions and Answers
What did Gregor Mendel study?
What did Gregor Mendel study?
peas
What is a character in terms of genetics?
What is a character in terms of genetics?
a detectable inherited feature of an organism
What is a trait in terms of genetics?
What is a trait in terms of genetics?
a variant of an inherited character
What is an allele?
What is an allele?
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A gene represents a trait and an allele represents a character.
A gene represents a trait and an allele represents a character.
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What is Mendel's first law called?
What is Mendel's first law called?
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What is Mendel's second law called?
What is Mendel's second law called?
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The inheritance of one gene can affect the inheritance of another gene if those genes are on the same chromosome.
The inheritance of one gene can affect the inheritance of another gene if those genes are on the same chromosome.
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Which of the following are extensions to Mendel's mode of inheritance?
Which of the following are extensions to Mendel's mode of inheritance?
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Which of the following are exceptions or deviations from Mendel's Mode of Inheritance?
Which of the following are exceptions or deviations from Mendel's Mode of Inheritance?
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Study Notes
Mendelian Genetics: Extensions, Exceptions, and Deviations
- Mendel studied pea plants due to their easily controlled fertilization, short generation time, and numerous visible traits.
- A character is a detectable inherited feature of an organism.
- A trait is a variant of an inherited character.
- An allele is an alternate form of a gene.
- A gene represents a character, and an allele represents a trait.
Mendel's Laws
- Law of Segregation: Units of inheritance (genes) are found in pairs. During gamete formation, these pairs segregate from each other.
- Law of Independent Assortment: Genes for different traits segregate independently of each other during gamete formation. This happens because genes for traits are on different chromosomes.
Mendel's Mode of Inheritance
- Autosomal dominant: A single copy of the dominant allele causes the trait to express.
- Autosomal recessive: Two copies of the recessive allele are needed for the trait to express.
Extensions to Mendel's Mode of Inheritance
- X-linked inheritance: Traits located on the X chromosome.
- Y-linked inheritance: Traits located on the Y chromosome.
Exceptions and Deviations from Mendel's Mode of Inheritance
- Multiple alleles: More than two forms of a gene for a trait exist.
- Different dominance: Traits can exhibit incomplete, codominant, or other types of dominance relationships besides simple dominant/recessive.
- Lethal gene combination: Certain allele combinations can result in death before birth or the individual may be unable to reproduce.
- Pleiotropy: One gene influences multiple, seemingly unrelated traits.
- Phenocopies: Traits are mimicked by environmental factors.
- Genetic heterogenity: A group of disorders with clinical similarity but with multiple underlying gene defects.
- Epistasis: One gene interferes with the expression of another.
- Penetrance: The percentage of individuals with a given genotype who express the associated phenotype.
- Mitochondrial inheritance: Traits determined by genes located in the mitochondria.
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Description
Explore the fascinating principles of Mendelian genetics, including key concepts such as alleles, traits, and inheritance patterns. This quiz covers Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment as well as modes of inheritance like autosomal dominant and recessive. Test your understanding of how genetic traits are passed down through generations.
