Medicine Multiple Choice Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the clinical manifestations of agranulocytosis?

Severe anemia

Development of heart failure

Necrotizing sore throat (correct)

Hemorrhagic syndrome (correct)

What characterizes the transition of chronic persistent hepatitis into liver cirrhosis?

Hypoalbuminemia

Varicose veins of the esophagus (correct)

Jaundice

Encephalopathy

Which cells are responsible for the synthesis of hydrochloric acid in the glands of the stomach?

Parietal cells (correct)

Master cells

Neuroendocrine cells

Mucocytes

The latest manifestation of an effective starting antibiotic therapy for pneumonia is?

Normalization or pronounced decrease in body temperature Signup and view all the answers

The criterion for termination of antibiotic therapy for pneumonia is a persistent normalization of the body temperature during (day)?

3-5 Signup and view all the answers

The means of choice for the relief of the symptoms of bronchial asthma are?

Short-acting β2 agonists Signup and view all the answers

Optimal for bronchial asthma is the use of inhaled glucocorticosteroids in combination with?

Prolonged bronchodilators Signup and view all the answers

Gout is a contraindication to the purpose of?

Thiazide diuretics Signup and view all the answers

The main importance in the therapy of gastroesophageal reflux disease is attached to?

Proton pump inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Causes of hypercalcemia are?

Hyperparathyroidism Signup and view all the answers

Cause of hypocalcemia is?

Hypoparathyroidism Signup and view all the answers

Postnatal period begins after?

Fetal birth Signup and view all the answers

For the prevention of cervical cancer, the analysis for atypical cells with multiplicity?

1 time per year Signup and view all the answers

What are the most important laboratory indicators of hepatocyte cytolysis?

Increased activity of ALT and AST Signup and view all the answers

In the development of secretory diarrhea in acute intestinal infections, what is the main role played by?

Activation of adenylate cyclase Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of arterial hypotension in cholera?

Hypovolemic shock Signup and view all the answers

For bacteriological research, cholera is submitted _ and _

Signup and view all the answers

Pathogenetic means for the treatment of edemas in nephrotic syndrome include:

Protein drugs, diuretics Signup and view all the answers

Indications for urgent hemodialysis in acute renal failure include:

Increased serum potassium level of 6.5 mmol/l or more Signup and view all the answers

The drugs of choice in the treatment of variant angina are:

Calcium antagonists Signup and view all the answers

Indications for cytostatic therapy for erythremia are:

Splenomegaly, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Autoimmune hepatitis is effectively treated with:

Prednisolone Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Here are the study notes in detailed bullet points:

Kloiber's "Bowls"*
No information provided
Clinical Manifestations*
Agranulocytosis:
- Necrotizing sore throat
- Development of heart failure
- Hemorrhagic syndrome
- Severe anemia
Transition of chronic persistent hepatitis into liver cirrhosis:
- Varicose veins of the esophagus
- Jaundice
- Hypoalbuminemia
- Encephalopathy
Synthesis of Hydrochloric Acid*
Performed by:
- Parietal cells
- Master cells
- Neuroendocrine cells
- Mucocytes
Iron-Deficiency Anemia*
Characterized by:
- Hypochromic anemia
- Hyperchromic anemia
- Normochromic anemia
- Macrocytic anemia
Three-String Cytopenia*
Typical for:
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Hemolytic anemia
- Anemia of chronic inflammation
Pathogenesis of Acute DIC Syndrome*
Based on:
- Generalized damage to the endothelium of microvessels
- Damage to the adhesive properties of platelets; depletion and deficiency of prostacyclin
- Production of antibodies to platelets
Clinical Manifestations of B12-Deficiency Anemia*
Develop after:
- 4-5 years
- 5-8 months
- 9-12 months
- 1-2 years
Target Organs Affected in Wilson-Konovalov Disease*
Most affected organs:
- Liver and brain
- Kidneys and lungs
- Liver and lungs
- Heart and kidneys

...and so on. Let me know if you'd like me to continue with the rest of the text!### Chronic Hepatitis and Cirrhosis

Viral hepatitis is commonly accompanied by cirrhosis
Characteristic signs of cirrhosis:
- Decrease in platelets up to 50*109/l
- Increased alanine aminotransferase
- Presence of eosinophilia
- Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Amyloidosis

Morphological substrate of multiple myeloma is represented by plasmocytes
Level of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase increases during chronic hepatitis with cholestasis and biliary cirrhosis

Nephrotic Syndrome

The most characteristic sign of nephrotic syndrome is proteinuria with a daily loss of more than 3.5 g
Pathogenetic means for the treatment of edemas in nephrotic syndrome include:
- Protein drugs, diuretics
- Antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, antibiotics
- Glucocorticoids, cytostatics, antiaggregants, anticoagulants

Chronic Pancreatitis

Enzymes (pancreatin) are used to treat chronic pancreatitis with external secretory insufficiency
Diet restrictions for chronic pancreatitis with external secretory insufficiency:
- Decrease in fat intake
- Increase in carbohydrate intake
- Increase in protein intake
- Decrease in salt intake

Angina Pectoris

Typical angina pectoris is characterized by:
- Sternal pain with exercising and passing after a few minutes after termination
Atypical angina pectoris is characterized by:
- Sternal pain at rest
- Sternal pain when walking quietly at a distance of 100-200 meters or when climbing stairs for one span
Functional classes of angina pectoris:
- I: sternal pain when walking quickly or climbing stairs
- II: sternal pain when walking quietly at a distance of 100-200 meters or when climbing stairs for one span
- III: sternal pain at rest
- IV: sternal pain at minimal physical activity

Pulmonary Embolism

Diagnostics of pulmonary embolism include:
- X-ray confirmed pulmonary infiltrate
- The patient's body temperature is above 38 °С
- Purulent sputum
- Leukocytosis
Means of choice for the prevention of recurrent pulmonary embolism:
- Warfarin with an international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.0-3.0
- Warfarin with an INR of 2.5-3.5
- Low molecular weight heparin

Gout

The main goal of treatment of gout is to:
- Reduce the concentration of uric acid in the blood
- Eliminate uric acid crystals from the joints
Colchicine is used to treat gout
The aspirin triad is a characteristic combination of aspirin intolerance and:
- Bronchial asthma, nasal polyps
- Hearing loss, nasal polyps
- Conjunctivitis, vasomotor rhinitis
- Lung sarcoidosis, chronic otitis media### Ulcerative Colitis
Frequent loose stools mixed with blood are the main clinical symptom of ulcerative colitis.
Pain in the epigastrium is not a characteristic symptom of ulcerative colitis.

Pseudomembranous Colitis

Long-term use of antibiotics is a common cause of pseudomembranous colitis.
Food poisoning and alcohol abuse are not common causes of pseudomembranous colitis.

Esophageal Bleeding in Liver Cirrhosis

Increased pressure in the portal vein is the cause of esophageal bleeding in liver cirrhosis.
Decreased blood hemoglobin, high viral load, and jaundice are not direct causes of esophageal bleeding in liver cirrhosis.

Hypersplenism

Hypersplenism is often associated with liver cirrhosis.
Cholelithiasis, acute leukemia, and amyloidosis are not common causes of hypersplenism.

Liver Cirrhosis

Reduction of blood albumin in liver cirrhosis is a consequence of violations of the synthetic function of hepatocytes.
Impaired absorption of proteins from the intestines, portal hypertension, and dysproteinemia are not direct causes of reduced blood albumin in liver cirrhosis.

COPD

Severe and very severe COPD is characterized by post-bronchodilation FEV1/RV4, but not RV4>RV5, V6, S1>R1, RIII>RI.

Arterial Hypertension

High and very high-risk patients with arterial hypertension are considered in the presence of metabolic syndrome.
Astheno-vegetative, dyspeptic, and postcholecystectomy syndromes are not high-risk factors for arterial hypertension.

Pheochromocytoma

Arterial hypertension in pheochromocytoma is caused by increased secretion of catecholamines.
Increased secretion of renin, excessive secretion of mineralocorticoids, and increased angiotensin formation are not direct causes of arterial hypertension in pheochromocytoma.

Renal Parenchyma Damage

The cause of arterial hypertension in renal parenchyma damage is the activation of the renin-angiotensin system.
Excessive secretion of mineralocorticoids, increased secretion of catecholamines, and increased angiotensin production are not direct causes of arterial hypertension in renal parenchyma damage.

Itsenko-Cushing Syndrome

In the differential diagnosis of hypertension with Itsenko-Cushing syndrome, the most specific method is the determination of 17-hydroxycorticosteroid.
Thyrotropin, renin, and creatinine are not specific markers for Itsenko-Cushing syndrome.

Pheochromocytomas

Sudden headache, sharp increase in arterial pressure, tachycardia, and polyuria after an attack are characteristic symptoms of pheochromocytomas.
Kohn's syndrome, Itsenko-Cushing syndrome, and climacteric syndrome are not characterized by these symptoms.

Cardiac Disorders

The left border of relative heart dullness is expanded with mitral stenosis, but not with arterial hypertension or chronic cor pulmonale.
Accent 2 tone over the aorta is listened when mitral stenosis or chronic cor pulmonale occurs, but not with arterial hypertension.
Weakening of 1 tone at the top is not a characteristic feature of heart disorders.

Cardiogenic Shock

Occurrence of true cardiogenic shock is associated with more than 40% of myocardial infarction.
A characteristic change in pulse pressure in cardiogenic shock is a decrease.
Transmural myocardial infarction, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and supraventricular tachycardia are associated with cardiogenic shock.

Acute Leukemia

For reliable proof of acute leukemia, the increase of blasts in the bone marrow is more than 20%.
Massive transfusion load of blood products, profound immunosuppression during chemotherapy, and toxic damage to hepatocytes by cytostatics are associated with a high frequency of viral hepatitis B and C in acute leukemia.
Genetic predisposition of patients is not a common cause of viral hepatitis in acute leukemia.

Hemophilia

For patients with hemophilia, the characteristic type of bleeding is hematoma.
Spotty petechial, vasculitic purple, and mixed bleeding are not characteristic of hemophilia.

Thrombocytopenia

Increasing number of platelets is usual for essential thrombocythemia.
The normal number of platelets is 150-400 х109/L.
For thrombocytopenia, the type of bleeding is characteristic of spotty petechial.

Polycythemia Vera

Increase in the number of erythrocytes in polycythemia vera is due to the tumoral nature of the disorder.
Systemic hypoxia is not a direct cause of increased erythrocytes in polycythemia vera.
Pletoric syndrome in polycythemia vera appears as a bright red tint of skin and mucous membranes.

Multiple Myeloma

The main morphological signs of multiple myeloma in the bone marrow are more than 10% of plasma cells with features of atypia.
Multiple myeloma is first of all characteristic of flat bones, but not long tubular bones, large joints, or interphalangeal joints.

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Description

This quiz covers various medical topics including agranulocytosis, liver cirrhosis, and iron-deficiency anemia. Test your knowledge of clinical manifestations and medical concepts.