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What are the clinical manifestations of agranulocytosis?
What characterizes the transition of chronic persistent hepatitis into liver cirrhosis?
Which cells are responsible for the synthesis of hydrochloric acid in the glands of the stomach?
The latest manifestation of an effective starting antibiotic therapy for pneumonia is?
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The criterion for termination of antibiotic therapy for pneumonia is a persistent normalization of the body temperature during (day)?
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The means of choice for the relief of the symptoms of bronchial asthma are?
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Optimal for bronchial asthma is the use of inhaled glucocorticosteroids in combination with?
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Gout is a contraindication to the purpose of?
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The main importance in the therapy of gastroesophageal reflux disease is attached to?
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Causes of hypercalcemia are?
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Cause of hypocalcemia is?
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Postnatal period begins after?
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For the prevention of cervical cancer, the analysis for atypical cells with multiplicity?
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What are the most important laboratory indicators of hepatocyte cytolysis?
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In the development of secretory diarrhea in acute intestinal infections, what is the main role played by?
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What is the cause of arterial hypotension in cholera?
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For bacteriological research, cholera is submitted _ and _
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Pathogenetic means for the treatment of edemas in nephrotic syndrome include:
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Indications for urgent hemodialysis in acute renal failure include:
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The drugs of choice in the treatment of variant angina are:
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Indications for cytostatic therapy for erythremia are:
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Autoimmune hepatitis is effectively treated with:
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Study Notes
Here are the study notes in detailed bullet points:
- Kloiber's "Bowls"*
- No information provided
- Clinical Manifestations*
- Agranulocytosis:
- Necrotizing sore throat
- Development of heart failure
- Hemorrhagic syndrome
- Severe anemia
- Transition of chronic persistent hepatitis into liver cirrhosis:
- Varicose veins of the esophagus
- Jaundice
- Hypoalbuminemia
- Encephalopathy
- Synthesis of Hydrochloric Acid*
- Performed by:
- Parietal cells
- Master cells
- Neuroendocrine cells
- Mucocytes
- Iron-Deficiency Anemia*
- Characterized by:
- Hypochromic anemia
- Hyperchromic anemia
- Normochromic anemia
- Macrocytic anemia
- Three-String Cytopenia*
- Typical for:
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Hemolytic anemia
- Anemia of chronic inflammation
- Pathogenesis of Acute DIC Syndrome*
- Based on:
- Generalized damage to the endothelium of microvessels
- Damage to the adhesive properties of platelets; depletion and deficiency of prostacyclin
- Production of antibodies to platelets
- Clinical Manifestations of B12-Deficiency Anemia*
- Develop after:
- 4-5 years
- 5-8 months
- 9-12 months
- 1-2 years
- Target Organs Affected in Wilson-Konovalov Disease*
- Most affected organs:
- Liver and brain
- Kidneys and lungs
- Liver and lungs
- Heart and kidneys
...and so on. Let me know if you'd like me to continue with the rest of the text!### Chronic Hepatitis and Cirrhosis
- Viral hepatitis is commonly accompanied by cirrhosis
- Characteristic signs of cirrhosis:
- Decrease in platelets up to 50*109/l
- Increased alanine aminotransferase
- Presence of eosinophilia
- Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Amyloidosis
- Morphological substrate of multiple myeloma is represented by plasmocytes
- Level of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase increases during chronic hepatitis with cholestasis and biliary cirrhosis
Nephrotic Syndrome
- The most characteristic sign of nephrotic syndrome is proteinuria with a daily loss of more than 3.5 g
- Pathogenetic means for the treatment of edemas in nephrotic syndrome include:
- Protein drugs, diuretics
- Antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, antibiotics
- Glucocorticoids, cytostatics, antiaggregants, anticoagulants
Chronic Pancreatitis
- Enzymes (pancreatin) are used to treat chronic pancreatitis with external secretory insufficiency
- Diet restrictions for chronic pancreatitis with external secretory insufficiency:
- Decrease in fat intake
- Increase in carbohydrate intake
- Increase in protein intake
- Decrease in salt intake
Angina Pectoris
- Typical angina pectoris is characterized by:
- Sternal pain with exercising and passing after a few minutes after termination
- Atypical angina pectoris is characterized by:
- Sternal pain at rest
- Sternal pain when walking quietly at a distance of 100-200 meters or when climbing stairs for one span
- Functional classes of angina pectoris:
- I: sternal pain when walking quickly or climbing stairs
- II: sternal pain when walking quietly at a distance of 100-200 meters or when climbing stairs for one span
- III: sternal pain at rest
- IV: sternal pain at minimal physical activity
Pulmonary Embolism
- Diagnostics of pulmonary embolism include:
- X-ray confirmed pulmonary infiltrate
- The patient's body temperature is above 38 °С
- Purulent sputum
- Leukocytosis
- Means of choice for the prevention of recurrent pulmonary embolism:
- Warfarin with an international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.0-3.0
- Warfarin with an INR of 2.5-3.5
- Low molecular weight heparin
Gout
-
The main goal of treatment of gout is to:
- Reduce the concentration of uric acid in the blood
- Eliminate uric acid crystals from the joints
-
Colchicine is used to treat gout
-
The aspirin triad is a characteristic combination of aspirin intolerance and:
- Bronchial asthma, nasal polyps
- Hearing loss, nasal polyps
- Conjunctivitis, vasomotor rhinitis
- Lung sarcoidosis, chronic otitis media### Ulcerative Colitis
-
Frequent loose stools mixed with blood are the main clinical symptom of ulcerative colitis.
-
Pain in the epigastrium is not a characteristic symptom of ulcerative colitis.
Pseudomembranous Colitis
- Long-term use of antibiotics is a common cause of pseudomembranous colitis.
- Food poisoning and alcohol abuse are not common causes of pseudomembranous colitis.
Esophageal Bleeding in Liver Cirrhosis
- Increased pressure in the portal vein is the cause of esophageal bleeding in liver cirrhosis.
- Decreased blood hemoglobin, high viral load, and jaundice are not direct causes of esophageal bleeding in liver cirrhosis.
Hypersplenism
- Hypersplenism is often associated with liver cirrhosis.
- Cholelithiasis, acute leukemia, and amyloidosis are not common causes of hypersplenism.
Liver Cirrhosis
- Reduction of blood albumin in liver cirrhosis is a consequence of violations of the synthetic function of hepatocytes.
- Impaired absorption of proteins from the intestines, portal hypertension, and dysproteinemia are not direct causes of reduced blood albumin in liver cirrhosis.
COPD
- Severe and very severe COPD is characterized by post-bronchodilation FEV1/RV4, but not RV4>RV5, V6, S1>R1, RIII>RI.
Arterial Hypertension
- High and very high-risk patients with arterial hypertension are considered in the presence of metabolic syndrome.
- Astheno-vegetative, dyspeptic, and postcholecystectomy syndromes are not high-risk factors for arterial hypertension.
Pheochromocytoma
- Arterial hypertension in pheochromocytoma is caused by increased secretion of catecholamines.
- Increased secretion of renin, excessive secretion of mineralocorticoids, and increased angiotensin formation are not direct causes of arterial hypertension in pheochromocytoma.
Renal Parenchyma Damage
- The cause of arterial hypertension in renal parenchyma damage is the activation of the renin-angiotensin system.
- Excessive secretion of mineralocorticoids, increased secretion of catecholamines, and increased angiotensin production are not direct causes of arterial hypertension in renal parenchyma damage.
Itsenko-Cushing Syndrome
- In the differential diagnosis of hypertension with Itsenko-Cushing syndrome, the most specific method is the determination of 17-hydroxycorticosteroid.
- Thyrotropin, renin, and creatinine are not specific markers for Itsenko-Cushing syndrome.
Pheochromocytomas
- Sudden headache, sharp increase in arterial pressure, tachycardia, and polyuria after an attack are characteristic symptoms of pheochromocytomas.
- Kohn's syndrome, Itsenko-Cushing syndrome, and climacteric syndrome are not characterized by these symptoms.
Cardiac Disorders
- The left border of relative heart dullness is expanded with mitral stenosis, but not with arterial hypertension or chronic cor pulmonale.
- Accent 2 tone over the aorta is listened when mitral stenosis or chronic cor pulmonale occurs, but not with arterial hypertension.
- Weakening of 1 tone at the top is not a characteristic feature of heart disorders.
Cardiogenic Shock
- Occurrence of true cardiogenic shock is associated with more than 40% of myocardial infarction.
- A characteristic change in pulse pressure in cardiogenic shock is a decrease.
- Transmural myocardial infarction, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and supraventricular tachycardia are associated with cardiogenic shock.
Acute Leukemia
- For reliable proof of acute leukemia, the increase of blasts in the bone marrow is more than 20%.
- Massive transfusion load of blood products, profound immunosuppression during chemotherapy, and toxic damage to hepatocytes by cytostatics are associated with a high frequency of viral hepatitis B and C in acute leukemia.
- Genetic predisposition of patients is not a common cause of viral hepatitis in acute leukemia.
Hemophilia
- For patients with hemophilia, the characteristic type of bleeding is hematoma.
- Spotty petechial, vasculitic purple, and mixed bleeding are not characteristic of hemophilia.
Thrombocytopenia
- Increasing number of platelets is usual for essential thrombocythemia.
- The normal number of platelets is 150-400 х109/L.
- For thrombocytopenia, the type of bleeding is characteristic of spotty petechial.
Polycythemia Vera
- Increase in the number of erythrocytes in polycythemia vera is due to the tumoral nature of the disorder.
- Systemic hypoxia is not a direct cause of increased erythrocytes in polycythemia vera.
- Pletoric syndrome in polycythemia vera appears as a bright red tint of skin and mucous membranes.
Multiple Myeloma
- The main morphological signs of multiple myeloma in the bone marrow are more than 10% of plasma cells with features of atypia.
- Multiple myeloma is first of all characteristic of flat bones, but not long tubular bones, large joints, or interphalangeal joints.
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Description
This quiz covers various medical topics including agranulocytosis, liver cirrhosis, and iron-deficiency anemia. Test your knowledge of clinical manifestations and medical concepts.
