Medicine Multiple Choice Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the clinical manifestations of agranulocytosis?

  • Severe anemia
  • Development of heart failure
  • Necrotizing sore throat (correct)
  • Hemorrhagic syndrome (correct)
  • What characterizes the transition of chronic persistent hepatitis into liver cirrhosis?

  • Hypoalbuminemia
  • Varicose veins of the esophagus (correct)
  • Jaundice
  • Encephalopathy
  • Which cells are responsible for the synthesis of hydrochloric acid in the glands of the stomach?

  • Parietal cells (correct)
  • Master cells
  • Neuroendocrine cells
  • Mucocytes
  • The latest manifestation of an effective starting antibiotic therapy for pneumonia is?

    <p>Normalization or pronounced decrease in body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The criterion for termination of antibiotic therapy for pneumonia is a persistent normalization of the body temperature during (day)?

    <p>3-5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The means of choice for the relief of the symptoms of bronchial asthma are?

    <p>Short-acting β2 agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Optimal for bronchial asthma is the use of inhaled glucocorticosteroids in combination with?

    <p>Prolonged bronchodilators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gout is a contraindication to the purpose of?

    <p>Thiazide diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main importance in the therapy of gastroesophageal reflux disease is attached to?

    <p>Proton pump inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Causes of hypercalcemia are?

    <p>Hyperparathyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cause of hypocalcemia is?

    <p>Hypoparathyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Postnatal period begins after?

    <p>Fetal birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the prevention of cervical cancer, the analysis for atypical cells with multiplicity?

    <p>1 time per year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the most important laboratory indicators of hepatocyte cytolysis?

    <p>Increased activity of ALT and AST</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the development of secretory diarrhea in acute intestinal infections, what is the main role played by?

    <p>Activation of adenylate cyclase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of arterial hypotension in cholera?

    <p>Hypovolemic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For bacteriological research, cholera is submitted _ and _

    Signup and view all the answers

    Pathogenetic means for the treatment of edemas in nephrotic syndrome include:

    <p>Protein drugs, diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indications for urgent hemodialysis in acute renal failure include:

    <p>Increased serum potassium level of 6.5 mmol/l or more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The drugs of choice in the treatment of variant angina are:

    <p>Calcium antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indications for cytostatic therapy for erythremia are:

    <p>Splenomegaly, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Autoimmune hepatitis is effectively treated with:

    <p>Prednisolone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Here are the study notes in detailed bullet points:

    • Kloiber's "Bowls"*
    • No information provided
    • Clinical Manifestations*
    • Agranulocytosis:
      • Necrotizing sore throat
      • Development of heart failure
      • Hemorrhagic syndrome
      • Severe anemia
    • Transition of chronic persistent hepatitis into liver cirrhosis:
      • Varicose veins of the esophagus
      • Jaundice
      • Hypoalbuminemia
      • Encephalopathy
    • Synthesis of Hydrochloric Acid*
    • Performed by:
      • Parietal cells
      • Master cells
      • Neuroendocrine cells
      • Mucocytes
    • Iron-Deficiency Anemia*
    • Characterized by:
      • Hypochromic anemia
      • Hyperchromic anemia
      • Normochromic anemia
      • Macrocytic anemia
    • Three-String Cytopenia*
    • Typical for:
      • Vitamin B12 deficiency
      • Iron deficiency anemia
      • Hemolytic anemia
      • Anemia of chronic inflammation
    • Pathogenesis of Acute DIC Syndrome*
    • Based on:
      • Generalized damage to the endothelium of microvessels
      • Damage to the adhesive properties of platelets; depletion and deficiency of prostacyclin
      • Production of antibodies to platelets
    • Clinical Manifestations of B12-Deficiency Anemia*
    • Develop after:
      • 4-5 years
      • 5-8 months
      • 9-12 months
      • 1-2 years
    • Target Organs Affected in Wilson-Konovalov Disease*
    • Most affected organs:
      • Liver and brain
      • Kidneys and lungs
      • Liver and lungs
      • Heart and kidneys

    ...and so on. Let me know if you'd like me to continue with the rest of the text!### Chronic Hepatitis and Cirrhosis

    • Viral hepatitis is commonly accompanied by cirrhosis
    • Characteristic signs of cirrhosis:
      • Decrease in platelets up to 50*109/l
      • Increased alanine aminotransferase
      • Presence of eosinophilia
      • Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate

    Amyloidosis

    • Morphological substrate of multiple myeloma is represented by plasmocytes
    • Level of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase increases during chronic hepatitis with cholestasis and biliary cirrhosis

    Nephrotic Syndrome

    • The most characteristic sign of nephrotic syndrome is proteinuria with a daily loss of more than 3.5 g
    • Pathogenetic means for the treatment of edemas in nephrotic syndrome include:
      • Protein drugs, diuretics
      • Antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, antibiotics
      • Glucocorticoids, cytostatics, antiaggregants, anticoagulants

    Chronic Pancreatitis

    • Enzymes (pancreatin) are used to treat chronic pancreatitis with external secretory insufficiency
    • Diet restrictions for chronic pancreatitis with external secretory insufficiency:
      • Decrease in fat intake
      • Increase in carbohydrate intake
      • Increase in protein intake
      • Decrease in salt intake

    Angina Pectoris

    • Typical angina pectoris is characterized by:
      • Sternal pain with exercising and passing after a few minutes after termination
    • Atypical angina pectoris is characterized by:
      • Sternal pain at rest
      • Sternal pain when walking quietly at a distance of 100-200 meters or when climbing stairs for one span
    • Functional classes of angina pectoris:
      • I: sternal pain when walking quickly or climbing stairs
      • II: sternal pain when walking quietly at a distance of 100-200 meters or when climbing stairs for one span
      • III: sternal pain at rest
      • IV: sternal pain at minimal physical activity

    Pulmonary Embolism

    • Diagnostics of pulmonary embolism include:
      • X-ray confirmed pulmonary infiltrate
      • The patient's body temperature is above 38 °С
      • Purulent sputum
      • Leukocytosis
    • Means of choice for the prevention of recurrent pulmonary embolism:
      • Warfarin with an international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.0-3.0
      • Warfarin with an INR of 2.5-3.5
      • Low molecular weight heparin

    Gout

    • The main goal of treatment of gout is to:

      • Reduce the concentration of uric acid in the blood
      • Eliminate uric acid crystals from the joints
    • Colchicine is used to treat gout

    • The aspirin triad is a characteristic combination of aspirin intolerance and:

      • Bronchial asthma, nasal polyps
      • Hearing loss, nasal polyps
      • Conjunctivitis, vasomotor rhinitis
      • Lung sarcoidosis, chronic otitis media### Ulcerative Colitis
    • Frequent loose stools mixed with blood are the main clinical symptom of ulcerative colitis.

    • Pain in the epigastrium is not a characteristic symptom of ulcerative colitis.

    Pseudomembranous Colitis

    • Long-term use of antibiotics is a common cause of pseudomembranous colitis.
    • Food poisoning and alcohol abuse are not common causes of pseudomembranous colitis.

    Esophageal Bleeding in Liver Cirrhosis

    • Increased pressure in the portal vein is the cause of esophageal bleeding in liver cirrhosis.
    • Decreased blood hemoglobin, high viral load, and jaundice are not direct causes of esophageal bleeding in liver cirrhosis.

    Hypersplenism

    • Hypersplenism is often associated with liver cirrhosis.
    • Cholelithiasis, acute leukemia, and amyloidosis are not common causes of hypersplenism.

    Liver Cirrhosis

    • Reduction of blood albumin in liver cirrhosis is a consequence of violations of the synthetic function of hepatocytes.
    • Impaired absorption of proteins from the intestines, portal hypertension, and dysproteinemia are not direct causes of reduced blood albumin in liver cirrhosis.

    COPD

    • Severe and very severe COPD is characterized by post-bronchodilation FEV1/RV4, but not RV4>RV5, V6, S1>R1, RIII>RI.

    Arterial Hypertension

    • High and very high-risk patients with arterial hypertension are considered in the presence of metabolic syndrome.
    • Astheno-vegetative, dyspeptic, and postcholecystectomy syndromes are not high-risk factors for arterial hypertension.

    Pheochromocytoma

    • Arterial hypertension in pheochromocytoma is caused by increased secretion of catecholamines.
    • Increased secretion of renin, excessive secretion of mineralocorticoids, and increased angiotensin formation are not direct causes of arterial hypertension in pheochromocytoma.

    Renal Parenchyma Damage

    • The cause of arterial hypertension in renal parenchyma damage is the activation of the renin-angiotensin system.
    • Excessive secretion of mineralocorticoids, increased secretion of catecholamines, and increased angiotensin production are not direct causes of arterial hypertension in renal parenchyma damage.

    Itsenko-Cushing Syndrome

    • In the differential diagnosis of hypertension with Itsenko-Cushing syndrome, the most specific method is the determination of 17-hydroxycorticosteroid.
    • Thyrotropin, renin, and creatinine are not specific markers for Itsenko-Cushing syndrome.

    Pheochromocytomas

    • Sudden headache, sharp increase in arterial pressure, tachycardia, and polyuria after an attack are characteristic symptoms of pheochromocytomas.
    • Kohn's syndrome, Itsenko-Cushing syndrome, and climacteric syndrome are not characterized by these symptoms.

    Cardiac Disorders

    • The left border of relative heart dullness is expanded with mitral stenosis, but not with arterial hypertension or chronic cor pulmonale.
    • Accent 2 tone over the aorta is listened when mitral stenosis or chronic cor pulmonale occurs, but not with arterial hypertension.
    • Weakening of 1 tone at the top is not a characteristic feature of heart disorders.

    Cardiogenic Shock

    • Occurrence of true cardiogenic shock is associated with more than 40% of myocardial infarction.
    • A characteristic change in pulse pressure in cardiogenic shock is a decrease.
    • Transmural myocardial infarction, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and supraventricular tachycardia are associated with cardiogenic shock.

    Acute Leukemia

    • For reliable proof of acute leukemia, the increase of blasts in the bone marrow is more than 20%.
    • Massive transfusion load of blood products, profound immunosuppression during chemotherapy, and toxic damage to hepatocytes by cytostatics are associated with a high frequency of viral hepatitis B and C in acute leukemia.
    • Genetic predisposition of patients is not a common cause of viral hepatitis in acute leukemia.

    Hemophilia

    • For patients with hemophilia, the characteristic type of bleeding is hematoma.
    • Spotty petechial, vasculitic purple, and mixed bleeding are not characteristic of hemophilia.

    Thrombocytopenia

    • Increasing number of platelets is usual for essential thrombocythemia.
    • The normal number of platelets is 150-400 х109/L.
    • For thrombocytopenia, the type of bleeding is characteristic of spotty petechial.

    Polycythemia Vera

    • Increase in the number of erythrocytes in polycythemia vera is due to the tumoral nature of the disorder.
    • Systemic hypoxia is not a direct cause of increased erythrocytes in polycythemia vera.
    • Pletoric syndrome in polycythemia vera appears as a bright red tint of skin and mucous membranes.

    Multiple Myeloma

    • The main morphological signs of multiple myeloma in the bone marrow are more than 10% of plasma cells with features of atypia.
    • Multiple myeloma is first of all characteristic of flat bones, but not long tubular bones, large joints, or interphalangeal joints.

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    Description

    This quiz covers various medical topics including agranulocytosis, liver cirrhosis, and iron-deficiency anemia. Test your knowledge of clinical manifestations and medical concepts.

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