ГОСЭКЗАМЕНЫ -pages-2.pdf

! Kloiber's "bowls" ? CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF AGRANULOCYTOSIS ARE !+ necrotizing sore throat !development of heart failure !hemorrhagic syndrome !severe anemia ? THE TRANSITION OF CHRONIC PERSISTENT HEPATITIS INTO LIVER CIRRHOSIS CHARACTERIZED !+varicose veins of the esophagus !jaundice hypoalbuminemia !encephalopathy ? SYNTHESIS OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID IN THE GLANDS OF THE STOMACH IS PERFORMED BY !+parietal cells !master cells !neuroendocrine cells !mucocytes ? ALL IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA ARE !+hypochromic !hyperchromic !normochromic !macrocytic ? THREE-STRING CYTOPENIA IS TYPICAL FOR !+vitamin B12 deficiency !iron deficiency anemia !hemolytic anemia !anemia of chronic inflammation ? THE PATHOGENESIS OF ACUTE DIC SYNDROME IS BASED ON !+generalized damage to the endothelium of microvessels ! damage to the adhesive properties of platelets; depletion and deficiency of prostacyclin !production of antibodies to platelets ? CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF B12-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA WITH A COMPLETE ABSENCE OF VITAMIN B12 IN HUMAN BODY DEVELOP AFTER !+4-5 years !5-8 months !9-12 months !1 -2 years ? THE TARGET ORGANS MOSTLY AFFECTED IN WILSON-KONOVALOV DISEASE ARE !+liver and brain !kidneys and lungs !liver and lungs !heart and kidneys ? THE MAIN METHOD OF DIAGNOSTICS OF HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY IS !+ echocardiography !electrocardiography !phonocardiography !radiography ? HIGH PULSE PRESSURE, TRAUBE DOUBLE TONE, DUROSIER NOISE ON VESSELS, FAST AND HIGH PULSE, HEAD SHAKING IS CHARACTERISTIC TO !+ aortic valve insufficiency !congenital heart defects !mitral stenosis !tricuspid insufficiency 74 ? TO EVALUATE THE DEGREE OF HYPERTROPHIC SUBAORTHAL STENOZIS OF A PREGNANT WOMAN, NECESSARY !+ echocardiography !Physical exercise with ECG !Radionuclide heart scan !chest x-rays ? SIGNIFICANT EXPANSION OF THE HEART TO THE LEFT AND DOWN IS OBSERVED WITH DILATION !+left ventricle !right atrium !right ventricle !left atrium ? THE MOST SEVERE ANGINA IS OBSERVED IN PATIENTS WITH !+ stenosis of the main trunk of the left coronary artery !proximal lesion of the posterior coronary artery !distal circumflex artery lesion !proximal lesion of the circumflex artery ? THE PHENOMENON OF "DANCE OF THE CAROTID" IS DETECTED WHEN !+ aortic valve insufficiency mitral valve stenosis !Tetrade of Fallot !Addison's disease ? A RELIABLE CRITERION OF MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA DURING BICYCLE ERGOMETRY IS !+ ST depression more than 2 mm !ST-segment elevation more than 2 mm !Voltage reduction of all teeth !the appearance of negative T waves !hyperstenuria ? THE ABSOLUTE INDICATION FOR HEMODIALYSIS IS !+ K blood level more than 6.5 mmol/l !blood Na level more than 135 mmol/l !glomerular filtration less than 25 ml/min !daily diuresis less than 50 ml ? FACIES NEPHRITICA IS DESCRIBED !+ puffy, pale face with swelling under the eyes, swollen eyelids, narrow palpebral fissures !puffy, cyanotic face, with swelling of the veins of the neck, severe cyanosis and swelling of the neck !pronounced cyanosis of the lips, tip of the nose, chin, ears !deadly pale face with a grayish tint, sunken eyes, pointed nose, with drops of cold profuse sweat on the forehead ? SYSTEMIC CAPILLARITIS WITH PRIMARY AFFECTION OF LUNG ALVEOLAS AND BASE MEMBRANES OF THE KIDNEY GLOMERULAR APPARATUS OCCURTS WITH !+ Goodpasture syndrome !systemic lupus erythematosus !Raynaud's disease !Sjogren's syndrome ? SPIROGRAPHY OF A 58 YEARS OLD PATIENT DETECTED CHANGES (VC 50% OF THE PROPER VALUE, FEV1 40% OF PROPER VALUE, TIFFNO INDEX 50%) compliant !+ Mixed violation of ventilation !restrictive type of violation !bronchial obstruction !norm variant ? FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS THE PRESENCE IS TYPICAL !+ rheumatoid factor !NYA-B27 !antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies !antibodies to double-stranded DNA 76 ? TYPICAL LABORATORY MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS ARE !+leucopenia !Iron-deficiency anemia !leukocytosis !thrombocytosis rashes ? EARLY SIGNS OF ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER INCLUDED !+arthritis !diastolic murmur over the aorta !erythema nodosum !systolic murmur on the mitral valve ? FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, A COMPLICATION IS CHARACTERISTIC, WHICH IS !+ amyloidosis !general atherosclerosis of vessels !violation of carbohydrate metabolism !porphyria ? MARKER FOR SYSTEMIC LUPUUS RED IS !+antinuclear factor !rheumatoid factor !C-reactive protein !HLA-B27 antigen ? CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF CREST SYNDROME IS !+telangiectasia !proximal myopathy !intestinal lesion !kidney damage ? A SIGN OF DERMATOMYOSITIS IS !+ Supraorbital edema and hyperemia of the skin around the eyes !"butterfly" on the face !osteolysis of the nail phalanges !deformation of the joints ? DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE IN DERMATOMYOSITIS HAS !+ high activity of creatine phosphokinase !increase in the level of acute phase proteins !moderate leukocytosis !presence of hemolytic anemia ? TRANSMISSION OF B27 HLA ANTIGENS IS TYPICAL FOR !+ ankylosing spondylitis !rheumatoid arthritis Sjögren's syndrome !dermatomyositis ? LARGE VESSELS ARE AFFECTED WHEN !+ Takayasu's artery !Buerger's disease ! nodular periarteritis !hemorrhagic vasculitis ? PRELIMINARY DIAGNOSIS IN A 68 YEARS OLD MAN WITH DETECTED GENERALIZED LYMPHADENOPATHY, SPLENOMEGALY AND LEUKOCYTES 84x109/L (P/I 2, S/I 18, L 72, M 8) IS !+"chronic lymphocytic leukemia" !“idiopathic myelofibrosis” !“chronic myelogenous leukemia” !"Hodgkin's disease" ? PRELIMINARY DIAGNOSIS IN A 28 YEARS OLD PATIENT WITH COMPLAINTS OF MUSCLE WEAKNESS, THIRST, PERSISTENT ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION, HYPOKALEMIA, (PLASMA RENIN - 0) IS !+“primary aldosteronism” !Renovascular hypertension !"chronic pyelonephritis !"pheochromocytoma" ? WHEN THE ULCER PENETRATIONS INTO THE PANCREAS, THE LEVEL INCREASES IN THE BLOOD 78 !+amylase !glucose lipase !alkaline phosphatase ? ATRIAL FIBRILATION IS CHARACTERIZED !+ lack of P waves !frequency of ventricular complexes more than 120 per minute !presence of premature QRS complexes !shortening PQ intervals ? IF YOU SUSPECT AN ENCOUNTERED PLEURITIS, BEFORE PLEURAL PUNCTION, IT IS NECESSARY TO CARRY OUT !+ultrasound !bronchoscopy !fluoroscopy !sputum microscopy ? THE BASIC DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA ARE !+ inhaled glucocotic steroids !anticholinergic drugs !mucolytic drugs !beta-2 agonists ? FOR MYCOPLASMA-CAUSED PNEUMONIA, USE !+Azithromycin !Ceftriaxone !Gentamicin !Amoxicillin ? METHOTREXATE CAUSES A DEFICIENCY !+folic acid !gland !ascorbic acid !iodine ? IN ACUTE LEFT VENTRICULAR FAILURE, PREFERENCE IS GIVEN !+ Furosemide !Mannitol !Spironolactone !Hydrochlorothiazide ? AN INDICATION FOR GLUCOCORTICOIDS IN ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS IS !+presence of nephrotic syndrome without severe hematuria and hypertension !edema ! arterial hypertension !gross hematuria ? TACTICS OF MANAGEMENT OF A WOMAN AT 36 WEEKS OF PREGNANCY WITH CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIA AND INCREASING HEMORRHAGIC SYNDROME INCLUDES !+ prescribing corticosteroids or immunoglobulin !plasmapheresis with fresh frozen plasma replacement !appointment of vincristine !Cryoprecipitate therapy ? IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERKINETIC FORM OF GALL BLADDER DYSKINESIA USED !+antispasmodics !H2-histamine blockers !sucralfate and its analogues !proton pump inhibitors ? IN THE TREATMENT OF THE HYPOKINETIC FORM OF GALL BLADDER DYSKINESIA USED !+cholekinetics !antacids !antispasmodics !proton pump inhibitors ? THE MAIN THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF NITROGLYCERIN IN PATIENTS WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR INSUFFICIENCY IS ASSOCIATED WITH 80 !+ expansion of the peripheral venous system !dilation of peripheral arteries !an increase in coronary blood flow due to an increase in heart rate !deceleration of heart rate and a decrease in myocardial oxygen demand ? ELIMINATING DRUGS IS CHARACTERIZED !+elimination rate constant !degree of proteinization !bioavailability !volume of distribution ? ACTIVITY OF THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDESTERONE SYSTEM BLOCKS THE LOOP DIURETIC !+ Torasemide !Furosemide !Ethacrynic acid !Mannitol ? SPIRONOLACTONE IN DECOMPENSATION OF CHRONIC HEART FAILURE IS USED IN A DAILY DOSE (MG) !+100-300 !50-100 !25-50 !12.5-25 ? ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS ARE ABSOLUTELY CONTRAINDICATED FOR !+ Bilateral renal artery stenosis !decrease in creatinine levels ? THE MAIN PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECT OF NITRATES IS DUE TO !+ decrease in venous return to the heart !an increase in venous return to the heart !an increase in myocardial contractility decrease in contractile activity of the myocardium ? THE TIME OF "INTERVAL" THERAPY TO PREVENT NITRATE TOLERANCE IS (HOUR) !+8-12 !14-16 !18-20 !40-46 ? USED FOR CAPILLARY BLEEDING !+Sodium etamsylate !Warfarin !Ticlopidine !Streptolysin ? THE MAIN PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECT OF STEROID ANTI- INFLAMMATORY MEDICINES ARE !persistent !+antipyretic !antibacterial !antiviral ? THE PREPARATION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TO IG E IS !+Omalizumab !Fenspiride !Zafirlukast !Montelukast ? FAMOTIDINE BLOCKING !+H2 receptors !M2-ion channels !H1 receptors !D1 receptors ? FAMOTIDINE BLOCKING !+H2 receptors !M2-ion channels !H1 receptors !D1 receptors 82 ? CHRONIC PAIN SYNDROME MOST COMMONLY DEVELOPES WITH METASTASIS IN !+bones !lungs !liver !brain ? THE THIRD STEP IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN SYNDROME (ACCORDING TO WHO RECOMMENDATIONS) IS THE APPLICATION !+strong opioids !weak opioids !non-opioid analgesics !neuroleptanalgesia ? COMBINED SURGERY IS THE REMOVAL OF THE TUMOR !+ with resection (removal) of another organ involved in the tumor process !within healthy tissues, together with the regional lymphatic barrier and all available lymph nodes and tissue in the area of operation !together with a regional lymphatic barrier and simultaneous operation for any other non- oncological disease !within healthy tissues together with the regional lymphatic barrier ? THE MOST EFFECTIVE METHOD OF SYSTEMIC THERAPY FOR FOLLICULAR THYROID CANCER IS THE APPLICATION !+Iodine-131 radioisotope !Bleomycin !Methotrexate !Mitomycin C ? THE MAIN DIAGNOSIS METHOD IN ONCOLOGY IS !+morphological !ray !laboratory !laboratory instrumental ? THE CONCEPT OF "EARLY CANCER" IMPLIES !+ Stage I-II cancer ! severe dysplasia !cancer II-III stages !all stages of cancer except IV ? PRIMARY DIAGNOSIS OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF EXTERNAL LOCALIZATION IS CARRIED OUT !+examination rooms !prophylaxis rooms !teenage cabinets !oncological dispensaries ? THE MOST COMMON CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF HEPATOCELLULAR CANCER IS !+hepatomegaly !icteric skin !fever !asthenia-cachexia syndrome ? FOR THE DIAGNOSTICS OF GASTRIC CANCER IS USED !+ fibrogastroscopy with biopsy !computed tomography !positron emission tomography !ultrasound procedure ? THE LEADING LINK OF PATHOGENESIS IN MENINGOCOCCEMIA IS !+damage to vascular endothelium !development of edema and swelling of the brain !myocardial and pericardial damage ! damage to the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract ? THE MOST TYPICAL SIGN OF MENINGOCOCCEMIA IS !+ hemorrhagic stellate rash !meningeal syndrome !hepatolienal syndrome !maculopapular stellate rash ? A COMPLICATION OF MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS IS 84 !+ cerebral edema !infectious-toxic shock !trombohemorrhagic syndrome !hyperproduction of cerebrospinal fluid ? MALARIA PAROXYM MANIFESTED IN CLINICAL PHASES !+ chills - fever - sweat !convulsions - delirium - coma !doubt - stupor - coma !heat - sweat - sleep ? THE METHOD OF LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS FOR DETECTION OF THE MALARIA CAUSED IN THE MATERIAL FROM A PATIENT IS !+Blood smear microscopy !serological !parasitoovoscopic !biological ? THE MOST IMPORTANT LABORATORY INDICATORS OF HEPATOCYTE CYTOLYSIS ARE !+ increased activity of ALT and AST !increased levels of bilirubin and bile pigments !decrease in sublimate titer and thymol test !hyperalbuminemia, hypoprothrombinemia ? IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SECRETORY DIARRHEA IN ACUTE INTESTINAL INFECTIONS, THE MAIN ROLE IS PLAYED !+ activation of adenylate cyclase !incomplete phagocytosis !hyposmolarity !intracellular persistence ? THE CAUSE OF ARTERIAL HYPOTENSION IN CHOLERA IS !+hypovolemic shock !infectious-toxic shock !cardiogenic shock !collapse ? FOR BACTERIOLOGICAL RESEARCH, CHOLERA IS SUBMITTED !+ feces, vomit !blood, vomit !faeces, blood !vomit, sputum ? A RASH IN PATIENTS WITH TYPUS APPEARS ON THE DAY OF ILLNESS !+8-10 !5-7 !12-14 !3-4 ? A FREQUENT CLINICAL VARIANT OF THE COURSE OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL FORM OF SALMONELLOSIS IS !+gastroenteritis !gastroduodenitis !pancreatitis !enterocolitis ? WITH SALMONELLOSIS, FEEL HAS THE APPEARANCE !+"swamp slime" ! "raspberry jelly" ! "rice water" ! "pea puree" ? PLAGUE IS TRANSMITTED !+fleas !lice !mosquitoes !mites ? ETIOTROPIC MEANS OF THE TREATMENT OF ERYSIATS ARE !+antibiotics !anti-inflammatory drugs !glucocorticosteroids !ointment dressings 86 ? ETIOTROPIC THERAPY OF FLU IS CARRIED OUT WITH DRUGS !+ antiviral !antibacterial !immunosuppressive !anti-inflammatory ? ANTITOXIC SERUM IS USED TO TREAT !+botulism !balantidiasis !typhus !borreliosis ? THE MAIN METHOD OF TREATMENT OF PLAGUE IS !+antibiotic therapy !dehydration !desensitization !rehydration ? A SUDDEN EVENT THAT CAUSES THE DESTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND DEATH OF PEOPLE IS CALLED !+catastrophe !accident !emergency !accident ? DAMAGE RESULTING FROM SIMULTANEOUS OR CONSECUTIVE EXPOSURE TO THE ORGANISM OF SEVERAL AFFECTING FACTORS ARE CALLED DEFEATS !+combined !isolated !multiple !combined ? EMERGENCY TEAMS ARE !+contingencies of the disaster medicine service !full-time units of the All-Russian Service for Disaster Medicine !Institutions of the All-Russian Service for Disaster Medicine of the Russian Federation !formations of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters ? TOTAL INFLAMMATION OF ALL PARANASAL SINS IS CALLED !+pansinusitis !exacerbation of chronic sinusitis !sphenoiditis !acute sinusitis ? FOR NOSE BLEEDING FROM THE FOREIGN SECTIONS OF THE NOSE ON THE BACKGROUND OF A HYPERTENSION CRISIS, IT IS NECESSARY !+perform anterior nasal tamponade and prescribe antihypertensive therapy !Perform anterior nasal tamponade Perform posterior nasal tamponade ! put the patient in a horizontal position ? ADENOIDS LEAD TO !+ Violation of nasal breathing and deformation of the facial skeleton !impaired balance and mental development !Deformations of the facial skeleton and nasal septum !malnutrition and deformation of the facial skeleton ? FEVER, PHARYNGITIS, CONJUNCTIVITIS ARE CHARACTERISTIC FOR ANGINA !+adenoviral !herpetic !scarlet fever ! measles ? GASTRIC POLYPS ARE MOST LIKELY TO MAGNIZATION !+adenomatous !hyperplastic !Hyperplasiogenic !juvenile 88 ? MOST LIKELY TO DEVELOP RECTAL CANCER IF PRESENT !+villous polyp !constipation !hemorrhoids !Crohn's disease ? THE MOST COMMON FORM OF BREAST CANCER IS CANCER !+nodal !mastitis-like !erysipelatous ! Paget ? SKIN CANCER IS MOST COMMON IN !+white population !mongoloids !black population !albinos ? THE MAIN ETIOLOGICAL FACTOR OF SKIN CANCER IS !+insolation !hyperthermia !ionizing radiation !viral infection ? SKIN CANCER IS MOST COMMON IN AGE (YEAR) !+over 65 !40-60 !30-40 !0-14 ? MOST COMMONLY WHEN COMPRESSING THE SPINAL CORD !+pain !loss of appetite !vomit !sleep disturbance ? WITH STAPHILODERMIA ARE AFFECTED !+ sebaceous hair follicles !hair !horny and shiny layers of the epidermis !nails ? RASHES OF THE SECONDARY SYPHILIS PERIOD !+disappear without a trace !leave scars !leave pigmentation !leave atrophy ? FOR SECONDARY SYPHILIS CHARACTERISTIC !+roseola !urticaria !tubercles !gum ? A RELIABLE SIGN OF LATE CONGENITAL SYPHILIS IS !+Hatchinson's triad !saddle nose !saber shins !Olympic forehead ? IN THE TREATMENT OF A BOIL IN THE INITIAL STAGE IS ASSIGNED !+ ointments with antibiotics !2% salicylic alcohol !compresses with boric acid !lotions with ichthyol ? HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME IN THE INITIAL PERIOD IS CHARACTERIZED !+hyperemia and puffiness of the face ! pale skin ! roseolous rash !itchy skin 90 ? THE EARLY MANIFESTATION OF HIV INFECTION IS !+mononucleosis-like syndrome !prolonged diarrhea !Kaposi's sarcoma !cachexia ? SEROLOGICAL MARKERS CHARACTERISTIC FOR VIRAL HEPATITIS A IN THE ACUTE PERIOD OF THE DISEASE ARE !+anti-HAV IgM !HBsAg !anti-Hbcor IgM !anti-HCV IgM ? FOR THE ACUTE FORM OF AMEBIASIS, THE USUAL COMBINATION !+ Pain in the right iliac region and raspberry jelly stools !pain in the right iliac region and loose stools !vomiting and absence of abdominal pain !high body temperature and liquid stools with streaks of blood ? FOR BOTULISM USUAL COMBINATION !+ vision and swallowing disorders !high body temperature and frequent loose stools !high body temperature and impaired consciousness !muscle cramps and loose stools ? IN THE ALHYDIC FORM OF CHOLERA, THE LOSS OF BODY WEIGHT BY (%) !+10 or more !thirteen !3-6 !6-9 ? FOR THE BUBON FORM OF THE PLAGUE ARE CHARACTERISTIC !+ skin hyperemia, periadenitis and soreness of the bubo on palpation !clear configuration of the lymph node and no skin changes !usual coloration of the skin over the bubo and no pain on palpation !hyperemia of the skin over the bubo and the absence of pain on palpation ? WHEN BOTULISM IS AFFECTED !+ motor nuclei of the medulla oblongata !peripheral nerves !ganglia !sections of the cerebral cortex ? STOOL DURING CHOLERA !+ plentiful, watery, without fecal odor and color !copious, watery, offensive !abundant, watery, greenish in color !watery with an admixture of blood ? CLINICAL SYMPTOMS CHARACTERISTIC FOR THE GASTROINTESTINAL FORM OF SALMONELLOSIS ARE !+nausea, vomiting, liquid greenish watery stools, diffuse abdominal pain, high body temperature !vomiting without nausea, without abdominal pain, normal body temperature !cramping abdominal pain, scanty stools, high body temperature !Profuse watery stools like "rice water", without abdominal pain, normal body temperature ? IN TYPICAL TYPHUS, THE PRIMARY APPEARANCE OF A RASH IS OBSERVED ON THE DAY OF _____ ILLNESS !+8-10 !thirteen !4-7 !12-14 ? FOR ANTHRAX CARBUNCLUS, THE PRESENCE IS CHARACTERISTIC !+black, painless scab !bright hyperemia of the skin !sharp soreness !purulent discharge ? FOR LABORATORY CONFIRMATION OF THE DIAGNOSIS "MALARIA" IS INVESTIGATED !+blood !cal !urine !bile 92 ? DURING THE FIRST WEEK OF TYPHUS FROM THE PATHOGENS IS MOST OFTEN FOUND IN THE SUBSTRATE !+blood !feces !urine ! bile ? FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE VIRAL HEPATITIS, THE MOST INFORMATIVE IS THE DETERMINATION OF THE LEVEL IN THE BLOOD !+alanine aminotransferase !albumin !alkaline phosphatase !cholesterol ? INTESTINAL BLEEDING WITH TYPHUS IS CHARACTERIZED !+ tachycardia, drop in blood pressure !abdominal pain !positive Shchetkin's symptom !impaired consciousness ? FLU IS CHARACTERISTIC COMBINATION !+high body temperature, headache, myalgia, tracheitis, unproductive rhinitis ! subfebrile body temperature, laryngitis, rhinitis ! high body temperature, enlarged tonsils, lymph nodes, pharyngitis !high body temperature, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis ? CHARACTERISTIC SIGNS OF INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS ARE !+leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, monocytosis, presence of atypical mononuclear cells !neutrophilic leukocytosis leukopenia with relative lymphocytosis leukopenia, lymphocytosis, monocytosis ? TRACHEITIS SYNDROME IS MOSTLY CHARACTERISTIC FOR !+ flu !parainfluenza !rhinovirus infection !adenoviral infection ? COMPLICATION "FALSE CRUP" IS CHARACTERISTIC FOR !+ parainfluenza !rhinovirus infection !adenoviral infection !flu ? CHRONIZATION OF A PATHOLOGICAL PROCESS WITH OUTCOME TO CIRRHOSIS IS MORE COMMONLY ACCOMPANIED WITH VIRAL HEPATITIS !+C !BUT !AT !E ? FOR INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS, THE COMBINATION OF FEVER AND !+ tonsillitis, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly !lymphadenopathy, abdominal pain !angina, lymphadenopathy, diarrhea !nausea, vomiting ? CHARACTERISTIC FOR THE BEGINNING OF MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS !+rapid fever, headache, vomiting without abdominal pain !gradual onset, headache, vomiting, loose stools !high fever, vomiting, abdominal pain !high temperature, headache, blurred vision ? THE MOST CHARACTERISTIC SIGN OF NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IS !+proteinuria with a daily loss of more than 3.5 g !bacteriuria !leukocyturia !hypoisosthenuria ? IN THE EARLY STAGES OF AMYLOIDOSIS, THE MOST INFORMATIVE IS A BIOPSY !+rectal mucosa !liver !kidney 94 !skin ?THE NECHIPORENKO TEST IS !+ counting the number of formed elements per unit volume of urine !determination of the concentration function of the kidneys !determination of the number of formed elements in the minute volume of urine !determination of inorganic substances in urine ? THE MAIN CYTOCHEMICAL MARKER OF ACUTE MYELOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA IS A POSITIVE REACTION TO !+myeloperoxidase !B-glucuronidase !ATPhase !acid phosphatase ? FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC LYMPHOLEUKEMIA IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER FEATURES, THE PERCENTAGE OF LYMPHOCYTES IN THE MYELOGRAM, MORE THAN !+30 !20 !ten !40 ? MORPHOLOGICAL SUBSTRATE OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA IS REPRESENTED !+plasmocytes !lymphocytes !macrophages !eosinophils ? CHANGES IN THE BONE MARROW AT APLASTIC ANEMIA INCLUDE !+ decrease in bone marrow cellularity, the predominance of adipose tissue !the predominance of hematopoietic bone marrow over fat !focal proliferation of lymphocytes !narrowing of the red sprout ? FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN DOUBT CASES, THE METHOD IS MOST IMPORTANT !+ coronary angiography !electrocardiography !veloergometry !transesophageal stimulation of the left atrium ? THE MOST INFORMATIVE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ANGINA PRINCMETAL METHOD !+Holter ECG monitoring !veloergometry !transesophageal stimulation of the left atrium !electrocardiography ? MANDATORY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR MYOCARDITIS IS !+increased myocardial enzymes !blood leukocytosis !acceleration of erythrocyte sedimentation rate !Immunoglobulin increase ? ECG SIGN OF Cicatricial Changes in the Myocardium in Large Focal Myocardial Infarction !+QS wave !rise of the ST interval above the isoline 1 ST interval shift below the isoline !absence of pathological Q wave ? IN THE DIAGNOSTICS OF ANGINA, THE TEST WITH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IS CONSIDERED POSITIVE WHEN !+appearance of pain or tightness in the chest in combination with depression of the ST segment more than 1 mm !appearance of shortness of breath when submaximal heart rate is reached !Increased SBP up to 180 mm Hg and DBP up to 110 mm Hg. !registration of oblique-ascending depression of the ST segment up to 1 mm ? IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS WITH HYPERSPLENISM SYNDROME IS DANGEROUS !+ decrease in platelets up to 50*109/l !increased alanine aminotransferase !presence of eosinophilia !increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate 96 ? THE LEVEL OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND GAMMAGLUTAMIN TRANSPEPTIDASE INCREASE DURING !+ chronic hepatitis with cholestasis and biliary cirrhosis !hemachromatosis !Wilson's disease - Konovalov !opisthorchiasis ? THE ENZYME METABOLIZING ALCOHOL IN THE BODY IS !+alcohol dehydrogenase !glucose-6-phosphatase !alcohol oxidase !alcohol synthetase ? PATHOGENETIC MEANS FOR THE TREATMENT OF EDEMAS IN NEPHROTIC SYNDROME INCLUDED !+ protein drugs, diuretics !antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, antibiotics !glucocorticoids, cytostatics, antiaggregants, anticoagulants !glucocorticoids, anticoagulants, antibiotics ? INDICATIONS FOR URGENT HEMODIALYSIS IN ACUTE RENAL FAILURE IS !+ increased serum potassium level of 6.5 mmol/l or more !high hypertension !oliguria !increase in the level of urea more than 10 mmol/l ? INDICATIONS FOR CYTOSTATIC THERAPY FOR ERYTHREMIA ARE !+ splenomegaly, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis !leukopenia, thrombocytopenia !plethoric syndrome !erythromelalgia ? THE DRUGS OF CHOICE IN THE TREATMENT OF VARIANT ANGINA ARE !+calcium antagonists !Nikorandil !beta-blockers !ACE inhibitors ? AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS IS EFFECTIVELY TREATED !+Prednisolone !Pancreatin !ribavirin !Interferon ? THERAPY OF CHRONIC PANCREATITIS WITH SECRETORY INSUFFICIENCY INCLUDES !+enzymes (pancreatin) !corticosteroids !vascular preparations !ACE inhibitors ? A RISK FACTOR FOR COLON CANCER IN PATIENTS WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS IS !+ severe dysplasia of the colon mucosa !reception of glucocorticoids !development of sclerosing cholangitis !development of pseudopolyposis ? INDIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ARE USED FOR PREVENTION !+cardioembolic complications !development of heart failure !appearance of paroxysms of atrial fibrillation !progression of angina pectoris ? HEMIC HYPOXIA DEVELOPS WHEN !+ carbon monoxide poisoning !pneumonia !diabetes !cyanide poisoning ? ANTIDOTE FOR POISONING WITH METHYL ALCOHOL AND ETHYLENE GLYCOL (BRAKE FLUID) IS !+ethyl alcohol 98 !sodium bicarbonate !potassium permanganate !atropine ? THE POSSIBILITY OF TOXIC EFFECTS IS INCREASED WHEN GENTAMICIN COMBINES WITH !+ Furosemide !Penicillin !methylxanthines !macrolides ? GREATEST ULCEROGENIC EFFECT !+Ketorolac !Paracetamol !Tramadol !Ibuprofen ? THE MOST NEPHROTOXICITY !+aminoglycosides !macrolides !Nitrofurans !P-lactams ? HIGHLY UNDESIRABLE WHILE LACTATION !+Tetracycline !Penicillin !Ceftriaxone !Azithromycin ? FOR ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN COMBINATION WITH SINUS TACHYCARDIA, PREFERENCE SHOULD BE GIVED !+R-blockers !dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers !loop diuretics !a-blockers ? A1-ADRENOBLOCKERS ARE DRUGS OF CHOICE IN COMBINATION OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION WITH !+ prostate adenoma !tension angina !myocardial infarction in history !heart rhythm disturbances ? THE GREATEST OTOTOXICITY !+aminoglycosides !macrolides !nitrofurans !P-lactams ? THE MOST HEPATOTOXICITY !+Paracetamol !Acetylsalicylic acid !Ibuprofen !Ketorolac ? GEOHELMINTOSIS RELATES !+ Ascariasis !taeniasis !enterobiosis !trichinosis ? PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF NON-STEROID ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS ARE !+ antipyretic and anti-inflammatory !analgesic and antiallergic !anti-inflammatory and antiemetic !antishock and antipyretic ? HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA WITH PROLONGED USE CAN CAUSE !+Methyldopa !Clonidine !Reserpine !Prazosin ? HEPARIN 100 !+ inactivates thrombin (blood clotting factor II) !is an indirect anticoagulant !increases platelet aggregation !effective when taken orally ? BIOAVAILABILITY OF A DRUG IS A PART OF THE DOSE INTRODUCED TO THE BODY !+ reached the systemic circulation in unchanged form or in the form of active metabolites !subjected to biotransformation !Caught in a diseased organ !has biological effects ? COMBINED DAMAGES ARE !+simultaneous damage by several damaging factors !injury to several areas of the body !wounded by several shells !multiple organ damage ? THE SHOCK INDEX IS THE RATIO !+pulse rate to systolic blood pressure !pulse rate to central venous pressure !systolic blood pressure to heart rate !systolic blood pressure to diastolic blood pressure ? TOXIC COMBUSTION PRODUCTS AND OTHER GASEOUS POISON SUBSTANCES PENETRATE MOSTLY THROUGH !+airways !alimentary tract !skin and mucous membranes !wound surfaces ? METHODS FOR TEMPORARY STOP OF BLEEDING INCLUDES !+ application of a hemostatic clamp !vascular plasty ! ligation of the vessel throughout ! ligation of the vessel in the wound ? WHEN ABDOMINAL PAIN, NAUSE, HEARTBURNING, BUCKING SHOULD BE ASSIGNED! + esophagogastroduodenoscopy !clinical blood test !ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs !computed tomography of the abdominal organs ? IN CHRONIC PANCREATITIS WITH EXTERNAL SECRETORY INSUFFICIENCY CHARACTER OF THE STOOL !+ plentiful, mushy, shiny !poor, fragmented !watery with flakes !liquid, with an admixture of scarlet blood ? DETECTION ON THE ECG OF PROLONGATION OF THE PQ INTERVAL, EQUAL TO 0.26 SEC. !+ atrioventricular conduction of 1 degree !atrioventricular conduction of the 2nd degree !atrioventricular conduction of the 3rd degree !sinoatrial conduction ? "STAMPED" DEFECTS IN THE EPIPHYSIS OF BONES ON THE RADIOGRAPH OF THE JOINT ARE CHARACTERISTIC FOR !+gout !osteoarthrosis !rheumatoid arthritis !ankylosing spondylitis ? FOR B12-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA MODERATE _______IS TYPICAL !+ leukopenia and thrombocytopenia !leukopenia and thrombocytosis !leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia !leukocytosis and thrombocytosis ? WITH PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA ON RADIOGRAMS OF THE LUNGS CHARACTERISTIC !+ intense homogeneous lobar infiltration !infiltration in the form of a triangle with the apex directed towards the root 102 !infiltration with early formation of decay cavities !radical infiltration with polycyclic circuit ? THE COMBINATION OF PROTEINURIA, ERYTHROCYTURIA, HYPOPROTEINEMIA, EDEMAS IS CHARACTERISTIC FOR !+ Acute glomerulonephritis !Urolithiasis !pyelonephritis !kidney amyloidosis ? THE PREFERRED INSTRUMENTAL METHOD FOR THE DIAGNOSTICS OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS IS !+colonoscopy with examination of histological material !virtual colonoscopy !sigmoidoscopy !irrigoscopy ? HYPERSPLENISM IS DIAGNOSED WITH THE COMBINATION OF SPLENOMEGALY AND !+ leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia ! leukocytosis, erythrocytosis, thrombocytosis leukocytosis, anemia, thrombocytopenia !leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytosis ? AN EVIDENCE CRITERION FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IS !+decrease in serum iron levels !decrease in the total iron-binding capacity of serum !increase in serum ferritin !anisocytosis and anisochromia ? BASIC DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF ULCER DISEASE ARE !+ antisecretory drugs !antispasmodics !prokinetics !enzymes ? THERAPEUTIC PARACENTHESIS IN A PATIENT WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS WITH ASCITES SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT WITH !+ tense or refractory to therapy ascites !abdominal pain !increasing jaundice !absence of arterial hypotension ? ANTIBACTERIAL THERAPY FOR CHRONIC BRONCHITIS SHOULD BE PRESCRIBED !+ purulent sputum !appearance of hemoptysis !growing weakness !persistent cough ? COLCHICINE IS USED FOR GOUT !+ relief of acute arthritis reduction of hyperuricemia prevention and treatment of nephropathy !resorption of subcutaneous tophi ? AT THE THREAT OF HEPATIC COMA IN A PATIENT WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS, DIETARY RESTRICTIONS APPLY TO !+ proteins !fats !carbohydrates !salt ? THE DRUG OF CHOICE IN THE TREATMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS IS !+Prednisolone !Interferon alpha !Ribavirin !Ursodeoxycholic acid 104 ? WITH LONG-TERM USE OF NON-STEROID ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS, THE MOST COMMON COMPLICATION IS ACUTE !+ gastric ulcer !cardiovascular insufficiency !respiratory failure !liver failure ? ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IS MOST COMMONLY OCCURRED AFTER USE !+ non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs !cardiac glycosides !calcium antagonists !benzodiazepines ? STERNAL PAIN WITH EXERCISING AND PASSING AFTER A FEW MINUTES AFTER HER TERMINATION IS REFERRED !+ typical angina pectoris !atypical angina pectoris !cardialgia !Anginous status ? STERNAL PAIN WHEN WALKING FAST OR CLIMBING STAIRS FOR MORE THAN ONE SPAN, CHARACTERISTIC FOR _______ FUNCTIONAL CLASS OF ANGINA VOLTAGE !+II !I !III !IV ? STERNAL PAIN OCCURRED WHEN WALKING QUIETLY AT A DISTANCE OF 100-200 METERS OR WHEN CLIMBING STAIRCASE FOR ONE SAN, CHARACTERISTIC FOR FUNCTIONAL CLASS ANGINA !+III !I !II !IV ? SYMPTOMS OF HEART FAILURE ARE OBSERVED AT REST AND GROW DURING MINIMAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH FUNCTIONAL CLASS OF CHRONIC HEART FAILURE !+IV !I !II !III ? THE CAUSE OF SPONTANEOUS MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION CAN BE !+ coronary thrombosis provoked by plaque rupture ! severe hypercholesterolemia !a sharp drop in blood pressure !embolism of the coronary arteries ? THE CAUSE OF SPONTANEOUS MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION CAN BE !+ coronary thrombosis provoked by plaque rupture ! severe hypercholesterolemia !a sharp drop in blood pressure !embolism of the coronary arteries ? FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF PNEUMONIA, THE PRESENCE OF_______IS NECESSARY !+X-ray confirmed pulmonary infiltrate !the patient's body temperature is above 38 °С !purulent sputum !leukocytosis ? FOR THE FIRST GOUTHY ATTACK, JOINTS ARE TYPICALLY DAMAGED !+ metatarsophalangeal !metacarpophalangeal !ankle !knee ? FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE, THE PRIORITY STUDY IS !+endoscopic !X-ray 106 !histological !pH-metric ? ENDOSCOPIC EXAMINATION ALLOWS TO IDENTIFY GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE IN THE FORM !+gastroesophageal reflux with esophagitis !candida esophagitis !Mallory-Weiss syndrome !diffuse esophagospasm ? CLINICALLY SUSPECT HEPATIC CELL INSUFFICIENCY ALLOW !+ increase in jaundice, hemorrhagic syndrome jaundice, weakness !hemorrhagic syndrome, weight loss !increasing weakness, jaundice ? STUDY OF _________ IS IMPORTANT FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF ZOLLINGER- ELLISON SYNDROME !+ serum gastrin level !H. pylori antibodies !potassium and sodium blood !insulin and C-peptide levels ? EARLY MANIFESTATIONS OF EXTERNAL SECRETORY PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY ARE !+polyfaeces !diabetes !cachexia ! "pancreatic cholera" ? THE ASPIRIN TRIAD IS CHARACTERISTIC COMBINATION OF ASPIRIN INTOLERANCE AND !+ bronchial asthma, nasal polyps !Hearing loss, nasal polyps !conjunctivitis, vasomotor rhinitis lung sarcoidosis, chronic otitis media ? IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA, THE LEUKO FORMULA OF Sputum CHARACTERISTICALLY HIGH CONTENT !+Eosinophils !macrophages !lymphocytes !neutrophilic leukocytes ? THE ABSOLUTE CONTRAINDICATION TO THE PURPOSE OF BETA- ADRENOBLOCKERS IS !+bronchial asthma !chronic obstructive pulmonary disease !atherosclerosis of vessels of the lower extremities !atrioventricular block I degree ? MEANS OF CHOICE FOR ANTI-ANGINAL THERAPY FOR STABLE ANGINA PATIENTS WITH CONCOMITANT BRONCHIAL ASTHMA ARE SERVED !+benzothiazepine calcium antagonists !nitrates !inhibitors of If-channels of the sinus node (Ivabradin) !dihydropyridine calcium antagonists ? IN HEALTHY PERSONS THE LEVEL OF TOTAL CHOLESTEROL SHOULD NOT EXCEED (MMOL/L) !+5.0 !4,5 !4.0 !3.5 ? WHEN USING WARFARIN FOR PREVENTION OF RECURRENT PULMONARY EMBOLISM, THE TARGET INTERNATIONAL NORMALIZED RATIO IS EQUAL TO !+2.0-3.0 108 !1.5—2.5 !2.5-3.5 !3.0-4.0 ? WHEN USING WARFARIN IN PATIENTS WITH NONVALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION INTERNATIONAL NORMALIZED RATIO EQUAL TO !+2.0-3.0 !1.5-2.0 !2.5-3.5 !3.0-4.0 ? AFTER RESTORATION OF SINUS RHYTHM FOR THE PREVENTION OF RECURRENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE ORGANIC HEART PATHOLOGY SHOULD BE ADMINISTERED !+Amiodarone !beta-blockers !Verapamil !Procainamide ? FOR THE OUTPATIENT TREATMENT OF COMMUNITY-Acquired PNEUMONIA IN PERSONS UNDER 60 YEARS WITH NO COMORBILITIES, IT IS RECOMMENDED TO ADMINISTER !+ macrolides !tetracyclines !III generation cephalosporins !respiratory fluoroquinolones ? EFFECTIVENESS OF INITIAL ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY FOR PNEUMONIA IS ASSESSED AFTER THE START OF TREATMENT IN (DAYS) !+2-3 !4-5 !6-7 !8-10 ? THE LATEST MANIFESTATION OF AN EFFECTIVE STARTING ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY FOR PNEUMONIA IS !+ disappearance of pulmonary infiltrate !normalization or pronounced decrease in body temperature !decrease in the degree of purulent sputum !normalization of the leukocyte formula ? THE CRITERION FOR TERMINATION OF ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY FOR PNEUMONIA IS A PERSISTENT NORMALIZATION OF THE BODY TEMPERATURE DURING (DAY) !+3-5 !1-2 !6-7 !8-10 ? THE MEANS OF CHOICE FOR THE RELIEF OF THE SYMPTOMS OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA ARE !+ short-acting p2 agonists !anticholinergic drugs !inhaled glucocorticosteroids !systemic glucocorticosteroids ? OPTIMAL FOR BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IS THE USE OF INHALED GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS IN COMBINATION WITH !+ prolonged bronchodilators !p2 short-acting agonists !anticholinergic drugs !systemic glucocorticosteroids ? GOUT IS A CONTRAINDICATION TO THE PURPOSE !+thiazide diuretics !ACE inhibitors !P-blockers !calcium antagonists ? THE MAIN IMPORTANCE IN THE THERAPY OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE IS ATTACHED TO !+ proton pump inhibitors !antibiotics !antispasmodics !antacids 110 ? CAUSES OF HYPERCALCIEMIA ARE !+hyperparathyroidism !hyperphosphatemia !fat embolism !rhabdomyolysis ? CAUSE OF HYPOCALCEMIA IS !+ hypoparathyroidism !prolonged immobilization !Paget's disease !an overdose of vitamin D ? POSTNATAL PERIOD BEGINS AFTER !+fetal birth !birth of the fetal head !crossing the umbilical cord of the fetus !full opening of the uterine os ? FOR THE PREVENTION OF CERVICAL CANCER, THE ANALYSIS FOR ATYPIC CELLS WITH MULTIPLICITY !+1 time per year !2 times per year !1 every 2 years !3 times a year ? PRIMARY PREVENTION OF HEREDITARY DISEASES IS CHARACTERIZED !+ a set of measures aimed at preventing the birth or conception of children with hereditary diseases !a set of measures aimed at preventing the development of an inherited disease !phenotypic correction of the defect !a set of measures aimed at preventing the progression of a hereditary disease !+diseases caused by changes in the number and structure of chromosomes !multifactorial diseases !hereditary metabolic diseases !hereditary connective tissue diseases ? BRIGHT SKIN HYPEREMIA WITH CLEAR BORDERS, IRREGULAR SHAPE IN COMBINATION WITH FEVER IS PECULIAR !+roger !abscess !phlegmon ! flat deprive ? BODY MASS INDEX OF A 35 YEARS OLD PATIENT WITH A NON-SPORTING BODY IS EQUAL TO 34.0 KG/M2 CORRESPONDING TO THE DEGREE OF OBESITY !+I !II !III !IV ? THE MOST INFORMATIVE AND SIGNIFICANT STUDY FOR THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTICS OF ACUTE GLOMERULONEFRITIS IS !+ kidney biopsy !analysis of urine according to Nechiporenko !Ultrasound of the kidneys !positron emission tomography of the kidneys ? MOST ACCURATE DETERMINATION OF IRON STOCKS IN THE BODY !+ serum ferritin level !transferrin level !total iron-binding capacity of serum !serum iron level ? HEPATOLIENAL SYNDROME IS CHARACTERISTIC FOR !+ adenovirus infection !flu !meningitis !parainfluenza ? THE MOST EFFECTIVE WAY TO PREVENT FLU IS !+ introduction of influenza vaccines ! hardening of the body ! taking large doses of ascorbic acid 112 ! taking multivitamin preparations ? THE DRUGS OF CHOICE IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH NEPHROGENIC ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION ARE !+ angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and diuretics !beta-adrenergic blockers and slow calcium channel blockers !alpha-adrenergic blockers and rauwolfia preparations !Centrally acting drugs and imidazoline receptor agonists ? IN THE PROCESS OF DISPENSARY OBSERVATION, THE LEVEL OF DIABETES COMPENSATION IS DETERMINED FOR A RETROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT !+glycated hemoglobin !postprandial glycemia !fasting glucose !glucosuria ? METHODS FOR SPECIFIC FLU PREVENTION INCLUDES !+vaccination ! hardening of the body !application of Amantadine !the use of leukocyte interferon ? IN PRIMARY CHRONIC ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY THE LEVEL OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE IN BLOOD PLASMA !+ goes up !reduced by 50% !reduced by 70% !is within the reference values ? WHAT ELECTROLYTE BALANCE CHANGES CHARACTERIZE ADDISON'S DISEASE? !+hyperkalemia !hypernatremia !hypokalemia !hyperchloremia ? DURING DIABETES INSIPIDUS, THE RELATIVE DENSITY OF URINE VARIES WITHIN !+1001-1005 (with 5 - 20-40 liters of urine) !1003-1009 (with 5 - 20-30 liters of urine) !1022-1043 (for 2-3 liters of urine) !1013-1028 (for 5-20 liters of urine) ? NORMAL CONCENTRATION OF GLUCOSE IN WHOLE CAPILLARY BLOOD 2 HOURS AFTER 75 G GLUCOSE IS UP TO (MMOL/L) !+7.8 !10.1 !9.2 !8,6 ? THE MAIN CLINICAL SYMPTOM OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS IS !+ frequent loose stools mixed with blood !pain in the epigastrium !constipation !vomit that brings relief ? A COMMON CAUSE OF PSEUDOMEMBRANOSIC COLITIS IS !+long-term use of antibiotics !food poisoning !alcohol abuse !Helicobacter pylori ? THE CAUSE OF ESOPHAGEAL BLEEDING IN LIVER CIRRHOSIS IS !+ increased pressure in the portal vein !decreased blood hemoglobin !high viral load !jaundice ? HYPERSPLENISM IS OCCURRED IN PATIENTS SUFFERING !+ liver cirrhosis !cholelithiasis !acute leukemia 114 !amyloidosis ? REDUCTION OF BLOOD ALBUMIN IN LIVER CIRRHOSIS IS A CONSEQUENCE !+ violations of the synthetic function of hepatocytes !impaired absorption of proteins from the intestines !portal hypertension !dysproteinemia ? SEVERE AND VERY SEVERE COPD (POST-BRONCHODILATION FEV1RV4 IS NOTICED !RV4>RV5, V6 !S1>R1 !RIII>RI ? HIGH AND VERY HIGH RISK PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION ARE CONSIDERED IN THE PRESENCE OF THE SYNDROME !+metabolic !astheno-vegetative !dyspeptic !postcholecystectomy ? ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA IS CAUSED !+increased secretion of catecholamines !increased secretion of renin !excessive secretion of mineralocorticoids !increased angiotensin formation ? THE CAUSE OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN RENAL PARENCHYMA DAMAGE IS !+activation of the renin-angiotensin system !excessive secretion of mineralocorticoids !increased secretion of catecholamines !increased angiotensin production ? IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERTENSION WITH ITSENKO- CUSHING SYNDROME A, THE MOST SPECIFIC METHOD IS THE DETERMINATION !+17-hydroxycorticosteroid !thyrotropin !renina !creatinine ? SUDDEN HEADACHE, A SHARP INCREASE IN ARTERIAL PRESSURE, TACHYCARDIA, AFTER AN ATTACK - POLYURIA ARE CHARACTERISTIC FOR !+pheochromocytomas !kohn's syndrome !Itsenko-Cushing syndrome !climacteric syndrome ? THE LEFT BORDER OF RELATIVE HEART DULLNESS IS EXPANDED WITH !+ arterial hypertension !mitral stenosis !chronic cor pulmonale 140 !Pulmonary embolism ? ACCENT 2 TONE OVER THE AORTIC IS LISTENED WHEN !+ arterial hypertension !mitral stenosis !chronic cor pulmonale !Pulmonary embolism ? INCREASE OF 1 TONE AT THE TOP OF THE HEART IS NOTICED WHEN !+ mitral stenosis !mitral insufficiency !chronic cor pulmonale !Pulmonary embolism ? LEFT HEART BORDER OF RELATIVE HEART DULTNESS IS FORMATED !+ left ventricle !left atrium !right atrium !right ventricle ? WHEN ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IS LISTENED !+accent 2 tones over the aorta !amplification of 1 tone at the base of the xiphoid process !accent 2 tones over the pulmonary artery !weakening of 1 tone at the top ? OCCURENCE OF TRUE CARDIOGENIC SHOCK MORE THAN % OF DAMAGE IS ASSOCIATED WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION MYOCARDIAL MASSES !+40 !ten !20 !fifteen ? FOR CARDIOGENIC SHOCK, A CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE IN PULSE PRESSURE IS !+decrease !increase !first decrease, then increase !first increase, then decrease ? TO A TRUE CARDIOGENIC SHOCK MORE OFTEN LEADS !+transmural myocardial infarction !paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia !atrial fibrillation !Supraventricular tachycardia ? FOR RELIABLE PROOF OF ACUTE LEUKEMIA, THE INCREASE OF BLATS IN THE BONE MARROW IS (%) !+20 !ten !fifteen !5 ? FOR PATIENTS WITH HEMOPHILIA THE TYPE IS CHARACTERISTIC BLEEDING !+ hematoma !spotty petechial !vasculitic purple !mixed ? THE HIGH FREQUENCY OF VIRAL HEPATITIS B AND C IN ACUTE LEUKEMIA IS ASSOCIATED WITH !+ massive transfusion load of blood products !profound immunosuppression during chemotherapy !toxic damage to hepatocytes by cytostatics 142 !Genetic predisposition of patients ? ADVERSE PROGNOSIS FACTORS FOR ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA ARE !+initial leukocytosis above 100*109/l !male patient !expressed lymphadenopathy at the onset of the disease !absence of leukocytosis ? INCREASING NUMBER OF PLATELETS IS USUAL FOR !+essential thrombocythemia !heparin-induced thrombocytopenia !thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura !aplastic anemia ? THE NORMAL NUMBER OF PLATELETS IS (х109/L) !+150 - 400 !150 - 200 !150 - 250 !100 - 150 ? FOR THROMBOCYTOPENIA, THE TYPE OF BLEEDING IS CHARACTERISTIC !+ spotty petechial !hematoma !vasculitic purple !angiomatous ? IN IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPLE IN THE BONE MARROW IT IS DIAGNOSED !+hyperplasia of megakaryocytic germ !increased percentage of plasma cells !inhibition of megakaryocytic germ !blastosis ? THE SHADOWS OF BOTKIN-GUMPREKHT ARE CALLED !+destroyed nuclei of lymphocytes ! half-destroyed nuclei of monocytes !malignant cells !poorly stained cells ? INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF ERYTHROCYTES IN POLYCYTHEMIA VERA IS DUE TO !+ tumoral nature !an increase in erythropoietin !decrease in erythropoietin !systemic hypoxia ? PLETORIC SYNDROME IN POLYCYTHEMIA VERA APPEARS !+ bright red tint of skin and mucous membranes !jaundiced skin color ! pale skin and mucous membranes bluish tinge of mucous membranes ? THE MAIN MORPHOLOGICAL SIGNS OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA IN THE BONE MARROW ARE !+more than 10% of plasma cells with features of atypia !lymphoid cells with features of atypia !plasmoblasts in large numbers !myeloblasts ? MULTIPLE MYELOMA IS FIRST OF ALL CHARACTERISTIC !+ flat bones !long tubular bones !large joints !interphalangeal joints 144

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