Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of tendons in the muscular system?
Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by being striated and under voluntary control?
Which muscle type is found within the walls of internal organs and is not striated?
What is the term for the stimulation of a muscle by an impulse from a motor nerve?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following structures separates or binds muscle groups together?
Signup and view all the answers
What is another name for visceral muscles?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement accurately describes myocardial muscles?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of ligaments in the muscular system?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the hamstring group of muscles?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle is named for its action in lifting a body part?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of muscle movement does circumduction refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term describes the act of decreasing the angle between two bones at a joint?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an example of a muscle named for its fiber direction?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscles are responsible for moving the lower jaw in a back-and-up motion?
Signup and view all the answers
What does dorsiflexion refer to in muscle movement?
Signup and view all the answers
How many muscles are in the hamstring group?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the masseter muscle?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle group is primarily involved in the flexion of the elbow?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition describes the inflammation of a fascia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term refers to the weakness or wearing away of body tissues?
Signup and view all the answers
What injury results in paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is characterized by tenderness or pain in the muscles?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition indicates extreme slowness in movement?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes total paralysis affecting one side of the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Medical Terminology: The Muscular System
- The muscular system, along with the skeletal system, is referred to as the musculoskeletal system.
- Muscle tissue is made of long, slender cells called muscle fibers.
- Muscles are responsible for movement, holding the body upright, moving body fluids, and producing heat.
- Fascia covers, supports, and separates muscles. ( Combining Form: fasci/o)
- Tendons connect muscles to bones. (Combining Forms: ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o)
- Ligaments connect bones to bones.
- The Achilles tendon connects the gastrocnemius muscle to the heel bone.
Structures of the Muscular System
- Epimysium, perimysium, fascicle, endomysium, and muscle fiber are structures of skeletal muscle.
- Fascia is a band of connective tissue that separates and envelops muscles. (plural, fasciae or fascias)
- Myofascial refers to muscle tissue and fascia.
Types of Muscle Tissue
- Three types of muscle tissue:
- Skeletal muscle; attached to bones; voluntary; striated. (striated = dark and light bands)
- Smooth muscle; in internal organs; involuntary; unstriated.
- Myocardial muscle; walls of the heart; involuntary; striated. (my/o = muscle, cardi/o = heart)
Muscle Contraction and Relaxation
- Muscle innervation (in-err-VAY-shun); stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve.
- Neuromuscular (new-roh-MUS-kyou-lar); pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle.
Contrasting Muscle Motion
- Abduction (ab-DUCK-shun); movement away from the midline of the body.
- Adduction (ah-DUCK-shun); movement toward the midline of the body.
- Flexion (FLECK-shun); decreasing the angle between two bones.
- Extension; increasing the angle between two bones.
- Elevation; raising or lifting a body part.
- Depression; lowering a body part.
- Rotation; circular movement.
- Circumduction (ser-kum-DUCK-shun); circular movement at the end of a limb.
- Supination (soo-pih-NAY-shun); palm of hand upward.
- Pronation (proh-NAY-shun); palm of hand downward.
- Dorsiflexion (dor-sih-FLECK-shun); bending the foot upward at the ankle.
- Plantar flexion (PLAN-tar FLECK-shun); bending the foot downward at the ankle.
How Muscles Are Named
- Muscles can be named for their origin and insertion, action, location, direction of fibers, number of divisions, and size or shape.
- Examples are sternocleidomastoid, levator anguli oris, rectus femoris, external oblique, internal oblique, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, gluteus maximus, deltoid.
The Hamstring Group
- Located in the back of the upper leg, consists of three muscles:
- Biceps femoris
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
- Functions are knee flexion and hip extension.
Select Muscles and Their Functions
- Muscles of the head, like frontalis, temporalis, and masseter, are responsible for specific movements of the facial area.
Muscles of the Trunk and Legs
- Pectoralis major (chest muscles)
- Deltoid, trapezius, biceps brachii, triceps brachii for shoulder and arm movement.
- Rectus femoris, quadriceps femoris, hamstring group, gastrocnemius for leg movement.
Pathology of the Muscular System
- Fasciitis (inflammation of fascia)
- Tenosynovitis (inflammation of the tendon sheath)
- Tendinitis (inflammation of the tendons)
- Atrophy (weakening or wearing away of tissue)
- Myalgia (muscle tenderness or pain)
- Myolysis (muscle degeneration)
- Myorrhexis (muscle rupture)
- Polymyositis (inflammation of voluntary muscles)
- Muscle tone (balanced muscle tension)
- Atonic (lacking muscle tone or strength)
- Dystonia (impairment of voluntary muscle movement)
- Hypotonia (diminished muscle tone)
- Ataxia (lack of muscle coordination)
- Bradykinesia (extreme slowness in movement)
- Dyskinesia (impairment of voluntary movement)
Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI)
- Paralysis, Hemiparesis, Hemiplegia, Paraplegia, Quadriplegia, Cardioplegia
Diagnostic Procedures of the Muscular System
- Deep tendon reflexes (DTR)
- Electromyography (EMG)
- Muscle biopsy
Medical Specialists
- Neurologist (treats paralysis and muscular disorders)
- Physiatrist (specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation)
- Rehabilitation (restoration of ability)
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz explores the essential terminology and structures related to the muscular system. It covers muscle tissue types, their functions, and connections to other body systems. Perfect for students learning about human anatomy or medical terminology.
