Muscular System Chapter 4 Flashcards

Fundamental Terminology of the Muscular System

• Kinesi: Refers to movement or motion within the context of muscles.
• Cele: Denotes a hernia, often involving protrusion of tissue.
• Fibr: Indicates fibrous or connective tissue, essential for muscle structure.
• Fasci: Pertains to fascia, a connective tissue surrounding muscles.
• Ia: Signifies a condition, often used in medical terminology.
• Ton: Represents muscle tone, tension, or stretching.
• Tend: Refers to tendons, the tissues connecting muscles to bones.
• Rrhexis: Denotes rupture, significant in muscular injuries.
• My: Represents muscle; foundational concept in anatomy and physiology.

Muscle Functions and Actions

• Coordination (Tax): Involves the harmonious function of muscles for movement.
• Transverse: Describes a crosswise orientation, relevant in muscle anatomy.
• Sphincter: Refers to ring-like muscles controlling openings in the body.
• Oblique: Indicates muscles slanted at an angle, aiding in various movements.
• Rectus: Denotes straight alignment, often used to describe specific muscle groups.
• Lateralis: Indicates orientation toward the side of the body.

Types of Muscles

• Skeletal Muscles: Muscle under voluntary control, allowing conscious movement.
• Involuntary Muscles: Found in hollow structures, functioning without conscious control.

Common Conditions and Injuries

• Heel Spur: A painful thickening on the calcaneus bone affecting standing.
• Bradykinesia: Characterized by extreme slowness of movement, important in diagnosing movement disorders.
• Epicondylitis: Inflammation around the elbow, common in repetitive strain injuries.
• Strain: Injury involving the body of a muscle or tendon attachment.
• Sprain: Injury to a joint involving stretched or torn ligaments.
• Contracture: Abnormal shortening of muscle tissue, impairing movement.
• Myasthenia Gravis: A chronic autoimmune disease causing muscle weakness due to neuromuscular dysfunction.

Key Terms for Movement

• Flexor Carpi Muscle: Facilitates wrist bending; essential for hand movements.
• Flexion: Bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts.
• Extension: Straightening movement increasing the angle between body parts.
• Adduction: Movement toward the midline of the body.
• Abduction: Movement away from the midline of the body.
• Dorsiflexion: Bending a body part backward or toward the body.
• Plantar Flexion: Bending a body part downward or away from the body.
• Circumduction: Circular movement of a body part.

Treatment and Surgical Techniques

• Tenodesis: Surgical procedure for suturing tendon ends to bone.
• Myotomy: Incision into a muscle for surgical purposes.
• Fasciotomy: Surgical incision into fascia to relieve pressure.
• Herniorrhaphy: Repair of hernia by suturing muscular wall defects.
• Fasciorrhaphy: Suturing torn fascia, restoring structural integrity.

Muscle Groups and Anatomy

• Mastoid Process: Insertion point for the sternocleidomastoid muscle, crucial for head movement.
• Triceps Brachii: Major muscle located in the posterior upper arm responsible for elbow extension.
• Gluteus Maximus: The largest muscle in the buttocks, significant for locomotion and stability.
• Rotator Cuff: Group of muscles stabilizing the shoulder joint during rotation.

Abnormal Muscle Conditions

• Dystonia: Condition characterized by abnormal muscle tone, leading to involuntary movements.
• Muscle Atrophy: The wasting away or reduction of muscle mass, often due to disuse or injury.
• Myolysis: The breakdown of muscle tissue, which can affect muscle functionality.
• Hypokinesia: Decreased motor function or physical activity.

Miscellaneous Concepts

• Ergonomics: Study focused on optimizing human interaction with work environments to improve comfort and efficiency.
• Dysfunction Terms: Conditions like dystaxia, referring to difficulty in controlling voluntary movements.

Fun Fact

• Singultus: Commonly known as hiccups, a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm muscle.

Test your knowledge on key terms related to the muscular system with this Chapter 4 flashcard quiz. Each term includes its definition to help reinforce your understanding of movement, connective tissues, and related concepts in anatomy.