Questions and Answers
What does 'Kinesi' refer to?
What does 'Cele' mean?
What is indicated by the term 'Fibr'?
What does 'Tend' refer to?
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What does 'Supination' describe?
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Electroneuromyography is also known as nerve conduction studies.
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Hypertonia is a condition of diminished tone of the skeletal muscles.
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If the nerve impulse to a muscle is interrupted, that muscle is paralyzed.
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Plantar flexion is turning the hand downward.
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What is the condition known as 'Duchenne's Dystrophy'?
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What does 'Tendinitis' refer to?
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Define 'Adduction'.
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What is 'Myopathy'?
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What is a 'Heel Spur'?
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___________ is the study of muscular activity and the resulting movement of body parts.
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What condition involves the death of individual muscle fibers?
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What is 'Spasm'?
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What does 'Flexion' refer to?
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Study Notes
Fundamental Terminology of the Muscular System
- Kinesi: Refers to movement or motion within the context of muscles.
- Cele: Denotes a hernia, often involving protrusion of tissue.
- Fibr: Indicates fibrous or connective tissue, essential for muscle structure.
- Fasci: Pertains to fascia, a connective tissue surrounding muscles.
- Ia: Signifies a condition, often used in medical terminology.
- Ton: Represents muscle tone, tension, or stretching.
- Tend: Refers to tendons, the tissues connecting muscles to bones.
- Rrhexis: Denotes rupture, significant in muscular injuries.
- My: Represents muscle; foundational concept in anatomy and physiology.
Muscle Functions and Actions
- Coordination (Tax): Involves the harmonious function of muscles for movement.
- Transverse: Describes a crosswise orientation, relevant in muscle anatomy.
- Sphincter: Refers to ring-like muscles controlling openings in the body.
- Oblique: Indicates muscles slanted at an angle, aiding in various movements.
- Rectus: Denotes straight alignment, often used to describe specific muscle groups.
- Lateralis: Indicates orientation toward the side of the body.
Types of Muscles
- Skeletal Muscles: Muscle under voluntary control, allowing conscious movement.
- Involuntary Muscles: Found in hollow structures, functioning without conscious control.
Common Conditions and Injuries
- Heel Spur: A painful thickening on the calcaneus bone affecting standing.
- Bradykinesia: Characterized by extreme slowness of movement, important in diagnosing movement disorders.
- Epicondylitis: Inflammation around the elbow, common in repetitive strain injuries.
- Strain: Injury involving the body of a muscle or tendon attachment.
- Sprain: Injury to a joint involving stretched or torn ligaments.
- Contracture: Abnormal shortening of muscle tissue, impairing movement.
- Myasthenia Gravis: A chronic autoimmune disease causing muscle weakness due to neuromuscular dysfunction.
Key Terms for Movement
- Flexor Carpi Muscle: Facilitates wrist bending; essential for hand movements.
- Flexion: Bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts.
- Extension: Straightening movement increasing the angle between body parts.
- Adduction: Movement toward the midline of the body.
- Abduction: Movement away from the midline of the body.
- Dorsiflexion: Bending a body part backward or toward the body.
- Plantar Flexion: Bending a body part downward or away from the body.
- Circumduction: Circular movement of a body part.
Treatment and Surgical Techniques
- Tenodesis: Surgical procedure for suturing tendon ends to bone.
- Myotomy: Incision into a muscle for surgical purposes.
- Fasciotomy: Surgical incision into fascia to relieve pressure.
- Herniorrhaphy: Repair of hernia by suturing muscular wall defects.
- Fasciorrhaphy: Suturing torn fascia, restoring structural integrity.
Muscle Groups and Anatomy
- Mastoid Process: Insertion point for the sternocleidomastoid muscle, crucial for head movement.
- Triceps Brachii: Major muscle located in the posterior upper arm responsible for elbow extension.
- Gluteus Maximus: The largest muscle in the buttocks, significant for locomotion and stability.
- Rotator Cuff: Group of muscles stabilizing the shoulder joint during rotation.
Abnormal Muscle Conditions
- Dystonia: Condition characterized by abnormal muscle tone, leading to involuntary movements.
- Muscle Atrophy: The wasting away or reduction of muscle mass, often due to disuse or injury.
- Myolysis: The breakdown of muscle tissue, which can affect muscle functionality.
- Hypokinesia: Decreased motor function or physical activity.
Miscellaneous Concepts
- Ergonomics: Study focused on optimizing human interaction with work environments to improve comfort and efficiency.
- Dysfunction Terms: Conditions like dystaxia, referring to difficulty in controlling voluntary movements.
Fun Fact
- Singultus: Commonly known as hiccups, a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm muscle.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key terms related to the muscular system with this Chapter 4 flashcard quiz. Each term includes its definition to help reinforce your understanding of movement, connective tissues, and related concepts in anatomy.
