Muscular System Chapter 4 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What does 'Kinesi' refer to?

  • Hernia
  • Movement, motion (correct)
  • Fascia
  • Fibrous, connective tissue

    • What does 'Cele' mean?

  • Tone
  • Hernia (correct)
  • Tendon
  • Movement

    • What is indicated by the term 'Fibr'?

  • Muscle
  • Tone
  • Condition
  • Fibrous, connective tissue (correct)

    • What does 'Tend' refer to?

    <p>Tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Supination' describe?

    <p>Turning the hand so the palm is upward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electroneuromyography is also known as nerve conduction studies.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypertonia is a condition of diminished tone of the skeletal muscles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the nerve impulse to a muscle is interrupted, that muscle is paralyzed.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plantar flexion is turning the hand downward.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition known as 'Duchenne's Dystrophy'?

    <p>A form of muscular dystrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Tendinitis' refer to?

    <p>Inflammation of a tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'Adduction'.

    <p>Movement toward the midline of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Myopathy'?

    <p>Abnormal condition of skeletal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'Heel Spur'?

    <p>Thickening on the surface of the calcaneus bone that causes severe pain when standing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___________ is the study of muscular activity and the resulting movement of body parts.

    <p>Kinesiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition involves the death of individual muscle fibers?

    <p>Myonecrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Spasm'?

    <p>Sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Flexion' refer to?

    <p>Bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Gluteus Maximus = Largest muscle of the buttock Bradykinesia = Extreme slowness of movement Ataxia = Lack of muscle coordination Fasciotomy = Surgical incision into fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fundamental Terminology of the Muscular System

    • Kinesi: Refers to movement or motion within the context of muscles.
    • Cele: Denotes a hernia, often involving protrusion of tissue.
    • Fibr: Indicates fibrous or connective tissue, essential for muscle structure.
    • Fasci: Pertains to fascia, a connective tissue surrounding muscles.
    • Ia: Signifies a condition, often used in medical terminology.
    • Ton: Represents muscle tone, tension, or stretching.
    • Tend: Refers to tendons, the tissues connecting muscles to bones.
    • Rrhexis: Denotes rupture, significant in muscular injuries.
    • My: Represents muscle; foundational concept in anatomy and physiology.

    Muscle Functions and Actions

    • Coordination (Tax): Involves the harmonious function of muscles for movement.
    • Transverse: Describes a crosswise orientation, relevant in muscle anatomy.
    • Sphincter: Refers to ring-like muscles controlling openings in the body.
    • Oblique: Indicates muscles slanted at an angle, aiding in various movements.
    • Rectus: Denotes straight alignment, often used to describe specific muscle groups.
    • Lateralis: Indicates orientation toward the side of the body.

    Types of Muscles

    • Skeletal Muscles: Muscle under voluntary control, allowing conscious movement.
    • Involuntary Muscles: Found in hollow structures, functioning without conscious control.

    Common Conditions and Injuries

    • Heel Spur: A painful thickening on the calcaneus bone affecting standing.
    • Bradykinesia: Characterized by extreme slowness of movement, important in diagnosing movement disorders.
    • Epicondylitis: Inflammation around the elbow, common in repetitive strain injuries.
    • Strain: Injury involving the body of a muscle or tendon attachment.
    • Sprain: Injury to a joint involving stretched or torn ligaments.
    • Contracture: Abnormal shortening of muscle tissue, impairing movement.
    • Myasthenia Gravis: A chronic autoimmune disease causing muscle weakness due to neuromuscular dysfunction.

    Key Terms for Movement

    • Flexor Carpi Muscle: Facilitates wrist bending; essential for hand movements.
    • Flexion: Bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts.
    • Extension: Straightening movement increasing the angle between body parts.
    • Adduction: Movement toward the midline of the body.
    • Abduction: Movement away from the midline of the body.
    • Dorsiflexion: Bending a body part backward or toward the body.
    • Plantar Flexion: Bending a body part downward or away from the body.
    • Circumduction: Circular movement of a body part.

    Treatment and Surgical Techniques

    • Tenodesis: Surgical procedure for suturing tendon ends to bone.
    • Myotomy: Incision into a muscle for surgical purposes.
    • Fasciotomy: Surgical incision into fascia to relieve pressure.
    • Herniorrhaphy: Repair of hernia by suturing muscular wall defects.
    • Fasciorrhaphy: Suturing torn fascia, restoring structural integrity.

    Muscle Groups and Anatomy

    • Mastoid Process: Insertion point for the sternocleidomastoid muscle, crucial for head movement.
    • Triceps Brachii: Major muscle located in the posterior upper arm responsible for elbow extension.
    • Gluteus Maximus: The largest muscle in the buttocks, significant for locomotion and stability.
    • Rotator Cuff: Group of muscles stabilizing the shoulder joint during rotation.

    Abnormal Muscle Conditions

    • Dystonia: Condition characterized by abnormal muscle tone, leading to involuntary movements.
    • Muscle Atrophy: The wasting away or reduction of muscle mass, often due to disuse or injury.
    • Myolysis: The breakdown of muscle tissue, which can affect muscle functionality.
    • Hypokinesia: Decreased motor function or physical activity.

    Miscellaneous Concepts

    • Ergonomics: Study focused on optimizing human interaction with work environments to improve comfort and efficiency.
    • Dysfunction Terms: Conditions like dystaxia, referring to difficulty in controlling voluntary movements.

    Fun Fact

    • Singultus: Commonly known as hiccups, a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm muscle.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key terms related to the muscular system with this Chapter 4 flashcard quiz. Each term includes its definition to help reinforce your understanding of movement, connective tissues, and related concepts in anatomy.

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