Muscular System Chapter 4 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does 'Kinesi' refer to?

Hernia

Movement, motion (correct)

Fascia

Fibrous, connective tissue

What does 'Cele' mean?

Tone

Hernia (correct)

Tendon

Movement

What is indicated by the term 'Fibr'?

Muscle

Tone

Condition

Fibrous, connective tissue (correct)

What does 'Tend' refer to?

Tendon Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Supination' describe?

Turning the hand so the palm is upward Signup and view all the answers

Electroneuromyography is also known as nerve conduction studies.

True Signup and view all the answers

Hypertonia is a condition of diminished tone of the skeletal muscles.

False Signup and view all the answers

If the nerve impulse to a muscle is interrupted, that muscle is paralyzed.

True Signup and view all the answers

Plantar flexion is turning the hand downward.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition known as 'Duchenne's Dystrophy'?

A form of muscular dystrophy Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Tendinitis' refer to?

Inflammation of a tendon Signup and view all the answers

Define 'Adduction'.

Movement toward the midline of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Myopathy'?

Abnormal condition of skeletal muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'Heel Spur'?

Thickening on the surface of the calcaneus bone that causes severe pain when standing Signup and view all the answers

___________ is the study of muscular activity and the resulting movement of body parts.

Kinesiology Signup and view all the answers

What condition involves the death of individual muscle fibers?

Myonecrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Spasm'?

Sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Flexion' refer to?

Bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Gluteus Maximus = Largest muscle of the buttock Bradykinesia = Extreme slowness of movement Ataxia = Lack of muscle coordination Fasciotomy = Surgical incision into fascia Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fundamental Terminology of the Muscular System

Kinesi: Refers to movement or motion within the context of muscles.
Cele: Denotes a hernia, often involving protrusion of tissue.
Fibr: Indicates fibrous or connective tissue, essential for muscle structure.
Fasci: Pertains to fascia, a connective tissue surrounding muscles.
Ia: Signifies a condition, often used in medical terminology.
Ton: Represents muscle tone, tension, or stretching.
Tend: Refers to tendons, the tissues connecting muscles to bones.
Rrhexis: Denotes rupture, significant in muscular injuries.
My: Represents muscle; foundational concept in anatomy and physiology.

Muscle Functions and Actions

Coordination (Tax): Involves the harmonious function of muscles for movement.
Transverse: Describes a crosswise orientation, relevant in muscle anatomy.
Sphincter: Refers to ring-like muscles controlling openings in the body.
Oblique: Indicates muscles slanted at an angle, aiding in various movements.
Rectus: Denotes straight alignment, often used to describe specific muscle groups.
Lateralis: Indicates orientation toward the side of the body.

Types of Muscles

Skeletal Muscles: Muscle under voluntary control, allowing conscious movement.
Involuntary Muscles: Found in hollow structures, functioning without conscious control.

Common Conditions and Injuries

Heel Spur: A painful thickening on the calcaneus bone affecting standing.
Bradykinesia: Characterized by extreme slowness of movement, important in diagnosing movement disorders.
Epicondylitis: Inflammation around the elbow, common in repetitive strain injuries.
Strain: Injury involving the body of a muscle or tendon attachment.
Sprain: Injury to a joint involving stretched or torn ligaments.
Contracture: Abnormal shortening of muscle tissue, impairing movement.
Myasthenia Gravis: A chronic autoimmune disease causing muscle weakness due to neuromuscular dysfunction.

Key Terms for Movement

Flexor Carpi Muscle: Facilitates wrist bending; essential for hand movements.
Flexion: Bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts.
Extension: Straightening movement increasing the angle between body parts.
Adduction: Movement toward the midline of the body.
Abduction: Movement away from the midline of the body.
Dorsiflexion: Bending a body part backward or toward the body.
Plantar Flexion: Bending a body part downward or away from the body.
Circumduction: Circular movement of a body part.

Treatment and Surgical Techniques

Tenodesis: Surgical procedure for suturing tendon ends to bone.
Myotomy: Incision into a muscle for surgical purposes.
Fasciotomy: Surgical incision into fascia to relieve pressure.
Herniorrhaphy: Repair of hernia by suturing muscular wall defects.
Fasciorrhaphy: Suturing torn fascia, restoring structural integrity.

Muscle Groups and Anatomy

Mastoid Process: Insertion point for the sternocleidomastoid muscle, crucial for head movement.
Triceps Brachii: Major muscle located in the posterior upper arm responsible for elbow extension.
Gluteus Maximus: The largest muscle in the buttocks, significant for locomotion and stability.
Rotator Cuff: Group of muscles stabilizing the shoulder joint during rotation.

Abnormal Muscle Conditions

Dystonia: Condition characterized by abnormal muscle tone, leading to involuntary movements.
Muscle Atrophy: The wasting away or reduction of muscle mass, often due to disuse or injury.
Myolysis: The breakdown of muscle tissue, which can affect muscle functionality.
Hypokinesia: Decreased motor function or physical activity.

Miscellaneous Concepts

Ergonomics: Study focused on optimizing human interaction with work environments to improve comfort and efficiency.
Dysfunction Terms: Conditions like dystaxia, referring to difficulty in controlling voluntary movements.

Fun Fact

Singultus: Commonly known as hiccups, a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm muscle.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key terms related to the muscular system with this Chapter 4 flashcard quiz. Each term includes its definition to help reinforce your understanding of movement, connective tissues, and related concepts in anatomy.