Medical Terminology: Muscular System
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Questions and Answers

What is the prefix for muscles?

  • Tend/o
  • -plegia
  • Fibr/o
  • My/o (correct)

    • What does 'Ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o' refer to?

    Tendons, stretch out, extend, strain

    What does 'Fibr/o' denote?

    Fibrous tissue, fiber

    What does the suffix '-ia' imply?

    <p>Abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do 'Kines/o' and 'Kinesi/o' relate to?

    <p>Movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-plegia' mean?

    <p>Paralysis, stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Tax/o' signify?

    <p>Coordination, order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Ton/o' refer to?

    <p>Tone, stretching, tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'Tri-' mean?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'Muscle innervation'?

    <p>Stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Neuromuscular' denote?

    <p>Pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'Bi-' indicate?

    <p>Twice, double, two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'Dys-' mean?

    <p>Bad, difficult, or painful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Fasci/o' refer to?

    <p>Fascia, fibrous band</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of 'Abduction'?

    <p>Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Adduction' mean?

    <p>Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Flexion' mean?

    <p>Decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Extension'?

    <p>Increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Hyperextension'?

    <p>The extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Supination' refer to?

    <p>The act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm or sole is turned forward or upward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Pronation' signify?

    <p>The act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm or sole is turned downward or backward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Dorsiflexion' mean?

    <p>The movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Plantar Flexion'?

    <p>The movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Ataxia' indicate?

    <p>The lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Contracture'?

    <p>The permanent tightening of tissues that replaces elastic connective tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Bradykinesia' mean?

    <p>Extreme slowness in movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Dyskinesia' imply?

    <p>The distortion or impairment of voluntary movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Hyperkinesia' refer to?

    <p>Abnormal increased muscle function or activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Fasciitis' mean?

    <p>Inflammation of the fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Tenosynovitis'?

    <p>Inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Tendinitis' mean?

    <p>Inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Myalgia'?

    <p>Tenderness or pain in the muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Myocele' refer to?

    <p>Herniation of muscles through a tear in the fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Muscular dystrophy (MD)'?

    <p>A term describing a group of diseases characterized by muscle weakness and degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Polymyositis' indicate?

    <p>A muscle disease characterized by inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)'?

    <p>The most common form of muscular dystrophy in children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Becker muscular dystrophy'?

    <p>A less severe type of muscular dystrophy compared to DMD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Paralysis' mean?

    <p>Loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle due to nerve damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Hemiparesis' signify?

    <p>Slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Hemiplegia'?

    <p>Total paralysis affecting only one side of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Muscular System Terminology

    • Muscles: My/o, myos/o refer to muscle tissue.
    • Tendons: Ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o denote tendons, which connect muscles to bones and signify extension and strain.
    • Fibrous Tissue: Fibr/o describes fibrous tissue and fibers.
    • -ia: Suffix indicating abnormal conditions, diseases, or plural of -ium.
    • Movement: Kines/o, kinesi/o relate to movement in the body.
    • Paralysis: -plegia indicates loss of muscle function due to nerve damage or strokes.
    • Coordination: Tax/o refers to the order and coordination of muscle movement.
    • Muscle Tone: Ton/o signifies muscle tension and tone, essential for movement control.
    • Tri-: Prefix meaning three, often indicating groups of muscles or actions.

    Muscle Function and Action

    • Muscle Innervation: The process by which a muscle receives electrical impulses from nerves.
    • Neuromuscular: Pertains to the relationship between nerves and muscles, crucial for coordinated movement.
    • Bi-: Prefix meaning twice or double, often used to describe muscle conditions.
    • Dys-: Prefix indicating difficulty or abnormality in function, often used in medical conditions.

    Muscle Movements

    • Abduction: Moving a limb away from the body's midline.
    • Adduction: Moving a limb toward the midline, essential for coordination.
    • Flexion: Decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a joint.
    • Extension: Increasing the angle between two bones, straightening a limb.
    • Hyperextension: Overextending a limb past its normal range.
    • Supination: Rotating a limb so the palm or sole is facing upward.
    • Pronation: Rotating a limb so the palm or sole is facing downward.
    • Dorsiflexion: Bending the foot upward at the ankle.
    • Plantar Flexion: Bending the foot downward at the ankle.

    Muscle Disorders and Conditions

    • Ataxia: Lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movements, resulting in unsteady actions.
    • Contracture: Permanent tightening of muscles and connective tissues, limiting movement.
    • Bradykinesia: Extremely slow movements, commonly associated with conditions like Parkinson's disease.
    • Dyskinesia: Distortion or impairment of voluntary movements, often resulting in tics or spasms.
    • Hyperkinesia: Increased muscle activity or function, can indicate various disorders.

    Inflammatory and Degenerative Conditions

    • Fasciitis: Inflammation of the fascia, commonly seen in conditions like plantar fasciitis.
    • Tenosynovitis: Inflammation of the tendon sheath, affecting movement and causing pain.
    • Tendinitis: Inflammation of tendons due to overuse or strain, e.g., tennis elbow.

    Muscle Pain and Herniation

    • Myalgia: Muscle tenderness or pain, which can indicate underlying issues.
    • Myocele: Herniation of muscle tissue through a tear in the surrounding fascia.

    Muscular Dystrophies

    • Muscular Dystrophy (MD): A group of over 30 diseases characterized by progressive muscle weakness and degeneration.
    • Polymyositis: Muscle disease featuring inflammation and weakness of voluntary muscles, often affecting the torso.
    • Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD): Most prevalent form of muscular dystrophy in children, typically affects boys aged 3-5.
    • Becker Muscular Dystrophy: Similar to DMD but less severe.
    • Paralysis: Loss of movement and sensation in muscles due to nerve injury, can be temporary or permanent.
    • Hemiparesis: Slight paralysis affecting one body side, often due to stroke or brain injury.
    • Hemiplegia: Total paralysis affecting one side of the body, commonly resulting from brain damage.

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    Test your knowledge of medical terminology related to the muscular system with these flashcards. Each card provides a word along with its definition to help you learn key terms used in anatomy and physiology. Perfect for students in healthcare-related fields!

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