Medical Terminology: Muscular System

Questions and Answers

What is the prefix for muscles?

Tend/o

-plegia

Fibr/o

My/o (correct)

What does 'Ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o' refer to?

Tendons, stretch out, extend, strain

What does 'Fibr/o' denote?

Fibrous tissue, fiber

What does the suffix '-ia' imply?

Abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium Signup and view all the answers

What do 'Kines/o' and 'Kinesi/o' relate to?

Movement Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-plegia' mean?

Paralysis, stroke Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Tax/o' signify?

Coordination, order Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Ton/o' refer to?

Tone, stretching, tension Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'Tri-' mean?

Three Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'Muscle innervation'?

Stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Neuromuscular' denote?

Pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'Bi-' indicate?

Twice, double, two Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'Dys-' mean?

Bad, difficult, or painful Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Fasci/o' refer to?

Fascia, fibrous band Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Abduction'?

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Adduction' mean?

Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Flexion' mean?

Decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Extension'?

Increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Hyperextension'?

The extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Supination' refer to?

The act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm or sole is turned forward or upward Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Pronation' signify?

The act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm or sole is turned downward or backward Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Dorsiflexion' mean?

The movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Plantar Flexion'?

The movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Ataxia' indicate?

The lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Contracture'?

The permanent tightening of tissues that replaces elastic connective tissues Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Bradykinesia' mean?

Extreme slowness in movement Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Dyskinesia' imply?

The distortion or impairment of voluntary movement Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Hyperkinesia' refer to?

Abnormal increased muscle function or activity Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Fasciitis' mean?

Inflammation of the fascia Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Tenosynovitis'?

Inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Tendinitis' mean?

Inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Myalgia'?

Tenderness or pain in the muscles Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Myocele' refer to?

Herniation of muscles through a tear in the fascia Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Muscular dystrophy (MD)'?

A term describing a group of diseases characterized by muscle weakness and degeneration Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Polymyositis' indicate?

A muscle disease characterized by inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)'?

The most common form of muscular dystrophy in children Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Becker muscular dystrophy'?

A less severe type of muscular dystrophy compared to DMD Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Paralysis' mean?

Loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle due to nerve damage Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Hemiparesis' signify?

Slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Hemiplegia'?

Total paralysis affecting only one side of the body Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muscular System Terminology

Muscles: My/o, myos/o refer to muscle tissue.
Tendons: Ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o denote tendons, which connect muscles to bones and signify extension and strain.
Fibrous Tissue: Fibr/o describes fibrous tissue and fibers.
-ia: Suffix indicating abnormal conditions, diseases, or plural of -ium.
Movement: Kines/o, kinesi/o relate to movement in the body.
Paralysis: -plegia indicates loss of muscle function due to nerve damage or strokes.
Coordination: Tax/o refers to the order and coordination of muscle movement.
Muscle Tone: Ton/o signifies muscle tension and tone, essential for movement control.
Tri-: Prefix meaning three, often indicating groups of muscles or actions.

Muscle Function and Action

Muscle Innervation: The process by which a muscle receives electrical impulses from nerves.
Neuromuscular: Pertains to the relationship between nerves and muscles, crucial for coordinated movement.
Bi-: Prefix meaning twice or double, often used to describe muscle conditions.
Dys-: Prefix indicating difficulty or abnormality in function, often used in medical conditions.

Muscle Movements

Abduction: Moving a limb away from the body's midline.
Adduction: Moving a limb toward the midline, essential for coordination.
Flexion: Decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a joint.
Extension: Increasing the angle between two bones, straightening a limb.
Hyperextension: Overextending a limb past its normal range.
Supination: Rotating a limb so the palm or sole is facing upward.
Pronation: Rotating a limb so the palm or sole is facing downward.
Dorsiflexion: Bending the foot upward at the ankle.
Plantar Flexion: Bending the foot downward at the ankle.

Muscle Disorders and Conditions

Ataxia: Lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movements, resulting in unsteady actions.
Contracture: Permanent tightening of muscles and connective tissues, limiting movement.
Bradykinesia: Extremely slow movements, commonly associated with conditions like Parkinson's disease.
Dyskinesia: Distortion or impairment of voluntary movements, often resulting in tics or spasms.
Hyperkinesia: Increased muscle activity or function, can indicate various disorders.

Inflammatory and Degenerative Conditions

Fasciitis: Inflammation of the fascia, commonly seen in conditions like plantar fasciitis.
Tenosynovitis: Inflammation of the tendon sheath, affecting movement and causing pain.
Tendinitis: Inflammation of tendons due to overuse or strain, e.g., tennis elbow.

Muscle Pain and Herniation

Myalgia: Muscle tenderness or pain, which can indicate underlying issues.
Myocele: Herniation of muscle tissue through a tear in the surrounding fascia.

Muscular Dystrophies

Muscular Dystrophy (MD): A group of over 30 diseases characterized by progressive muscle weakness and degeneration.
Polymyositis: Muscle disease featuring inflammation and weakness of voluntary muscles, often affecting the torso.
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD): Most prevalent form of muscular dystrophy in children, typically affects boys aged 3-5.
Becker Muscular Dystrophy: Similar to DMD but less severe.

Paralysis: Loss of movement and sensation in muscles due to nerve injury, can be temporary or permanent.
Hemiparesis: Slight paralysis affecting one body side, often due to stroke or brain injury.
Hemiplegia: Total paralysis affecting one side of the body, commonly resulting from brain damage.

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Test your knowledge of medical terminology related to the muscular system with these flashcards. Each card provides a word along with its definition to help you learn key terms used in anatomy and physiology. Perfect for students in healthcare-related fields!