Medical Terminology Chapter 8 Quiz & Flashcards

an/o: Refers to the anus, an external opening of the digestive tract.
chol/e: Indicates bile or gall, which aids in digestion and absorption of fats.
col/o: Denotes the large intestine, a critical component of the digestive system responsible for water absorption and feces formation.
-phagia: A suffix meaning swallowing, involved in the digestive process.
enter/o: Refers to the small intestine, where most digestion and nutrient absorption occur.
gastr/o: Pertains to the stomach, the organ where food is mixed with gastric juices.
hepat/o: Indicates the liver, vital for metabolism and detoxification.
cholecyst/o: Refers to the gallbladder, which stores and concentrates bile.
esophag/o: Relates to the esophagus, the tube that connects the throat to the stomach.
-lithiasis: Refers to the presence of stones, typically in the gallbladder or kidneys.
sigmoid/o: Relates to the sigmoid colon, the S-shaped final section of the large intestine.
proct/o: Refers to the anus and rectum, final components of the digestive tract.
-pepsia: Indicates digestion, a crucial function of the digestive system.
-emesis: Refers to vomiting, a defense mechanism to expel toxins or irritants.
rect/o: Pertains to the rectum, the final segment of the large intestine.

anoscopy: A visual examination of the anal canal and lower rectum.
stomatomycosis: Any disease of the mouth due to a fungal infection.
ileum: The last and longest part of the small intestine, crucial for nutrient absorption.
bowel incontinence: The inability to control bowel movements, leading to accidental fecal discharge.
bile: A digestive fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, essential for fat digestion.
ascending colon: The segment of the large intestine that travels upward from the cecum to the liver.
anabolism: The metabolic process of building up body cells and substances from nutrients.
periodontium: The supporting structures around the teeth, including gums and bone.
intussusception: A condition where part of the intestine telescopes into another part, leading to obstruction.

cecum: Connects the small and large intestines, marking the start of the large intestine.
sigmoid colon: An S-shaped part of the large intestine, leading to the rectum.
rectum: The widest section of the large intestine, serving as a temporary storage for feces.
jejunum: The middle section of the small intestine, involved in absorbing nutrients.
duodenum: The first segment of the small intestine, where initial digestion occurs.

hematemesis: Vomiting blood, indicating possible internal bleeding.
hepatitis A: A viral infection primarily spread through contaminated food and water.
celiac disease: A serious reaction to gluten, affecting the digestive tract.
enteritis: Inflammation of the small intestine, often resulting in abdominal pain and diarrhea.
xerostomia: The condition of dry mouth caused by insufficient saliva production.
ulcerative colitis: Inflammatory bowel disease causing long-lasting inflammation and ulcers in the digestive tract.

gastrectomy: Surgical removal of part or all of the stomach.
colostomy: Creation of an artificial opening from the colon to the body's surface for waste elimination.
proctopexy: Surgical fixation of the rectum to surrounding tissues.
hepatectomy: Removal of all or part of the liver, often due to disease or tumors.
esophagogastroduodenoscopy: An endoscopic procedure for examining the upper GI tract.
sigmoidoscopy: An endoscopic examination of the rectum and sigmoid colon.

halitosis: Bad breath, often due to oral hygiene issues.
diverticulitis: Inflammation of diverticula, small pouches that can form in the walls of the intestines.
melena: Black, tarry stools indicating the presence of digested blood.
pyrosis: Medical term for heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest caused by acid reflux.
regurgitation: The return of swallowed food back into the mouth.

bruxism: Involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth, often during sleep.
aerophagia: Excessive swallowing of air, leading to discomfort and bloating.
jaundice: Yellowing of the skin due to excessive bilirubin, often indicating liver problems.