Medical Terminology Chapter 6 Flashcards

Study Notes

Key Terms and Definitions

Antigen: Substance that evokes an immune response by triggering antibody formation upon entering the body.
Autoimmune: Immune response where the body attacks its own cells or tissues.
Capillaries: Microscopic blood vessels linking arterioles (small arteries) and venules (small veins), facilitating nutrient and gas exchange.
Hematopoiesis: The process of blood cell production and development, primarily occurring in the bone marrow.
Immune Response: Body's defense mechanism against pathogens, foreign substances, and malignancies.
Immunodeficiency: Condition featuring reduced capacity to combat infections, often due to a faulty immune system.
Interstitial Fluid: Liquid found in the spaces between cells in tissues.
Lymphocyte: White blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system by identifying and neutralizing foreign antigens.
Monocytes: Large white blood cells formed in bone marrow responsible for attacking pathogens through a process known as phagocytosis.
Oncology: Medical specialty focused on the study and treatment of cancerous growths.
Pathogen: Any microorganism capable of causing disease.
Transfusion: The process of transferring blood or blood components from one person to another.

Combining Forms

Agglutin/o: Refers to clumping or gluing.
Embol/o: Denotes an embolus or plug within blood vessels.
Erythr/o: Pertains to the color red, often in reference to red blood cells.
Hem/o and Hemat/o: Both refer to blood.
Leuk/o: Relates to the color white, commonly associated with white blood cells.
Myel/o: Indicates bone marrow or spinal cord.
Thromb/o: Refers to blood clots.
Ven/o: Pertains to veins.
Aden/o: Refers to glands.
Immun/o: Related to immunity or protection.
Lymph/o: Pertains to lymph.
Lymphaden/o: Indicates lymph glands or nodes.
Lymphangi/o: Refers to lymph vessels.
Phag/o: Indicates the action of swallowing or eating at a cellular level.
Splen/o: Relates to the spleen.
Thym/o: Pertains to the thymus gland.

Blood Disorders and Conditions

Anemia: Blood disorder marked by inadequate red blood cell production, hemoglobin deficiency, or increased destruction of red blood cells.
Aplastic Anemia: Severe condition resulting from bone marrow failure to produce blood cells due to damage from disease or treatment.
Pernicious Anemia: Results from vitamin B12 malabsorption, critical for blood cell production.
Thalassemia: A group of inherited anemias characterized by impaired hemoglobin production, common among Mediterranean populations.
Hemophilia: Genetic bleeding disorders caused by insufficient clotting factors.
Leukemia: Cancer of bone marrow leading to excessive production of white blood cells.

Immunological Conditions

AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome caused by HIV, marked by immune system suppression and increased vulnerability to infections.
Hodgkin Lymphoma: Cancer of the lymphatic system with unique Reed-Sternberg cells, prevalent in young adults.
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Diverse group of lymphomas excluding Hodgkin lymphoma, more common in older adults.
Immunodeficiency Diseases: Disorders caused by a defective immune system, leading to frequent infections.
Kaposi Sarcoma: Malignant tumor affecting connective tissue, associated with AIDS.

Diagnostic and Treatment Procedures

Bone Marrow Aspiration: Involves sampling bone marrow for diagnosing blood disorders, cancers, or infectious diseases.
Complete Blood Count (CBC): Comprehensive blood test assessing overall health and screening for infections and anemias.
ELISA: Test for detecting HIV antibodies or other disease-causing pathogens in blood.
Lymphangiography: Imaging technique utilizing contrast media to visualize lymphatic vessels and glands.
Tissue Typing: Technique to assess tissue compatibility for grafts and transplants.
Western Blot: Test for detecting viral DNA in the blood, often used to confirm AIDS diagnosis.

Treatments and Therapies

Blood Transfusion: Replacement of lost blood via administration of whole blood or components.
Lymphangiectomy: Surgical removal of a lymph vessel.
Anticoagulants: Medications to prevent or slow blood clotting.
Immunizations: Vaccines or immune globulin injections to promote immunity against infectious diseases.
Immunosuppressants: Medications to reduce immune response, often to prevent organ transplant rejection or manage autoimmune diseases.
Thrombolytics: Treatments to dissolve blood clots.
Vaccinations: Introduction of modified antigens to stimulate an immune response for protection against diseases.

Description

Test your knowledge of key medical terms in Chapter 6 with these flashcards. Each card provides a word along with its definition, covering essential concepts for your studies. Perfect for anyone looking to enhance their understanding of medical terminology.