Medical Terminology Chapter 6 Flashcards

Study Notes

Key Medical Terminology

-pepsia: Refers to digestion processes in the body.
-ptysis: Indicates the act of spitting, particularly in medical contexts such as spitting up blood (hematemesis).
-emesis: Denotes vomiting, a common symptom in various medical conditions.
-phagia: Means eating or swallowing; important in diagnosing swallowing difficulties (dysphagia).
-rrhea: Pertains to flow or discharge, often used to describe various bodily discharges.
-rrhage, -rrhagia: Signifies bursting forth, commonly associated with bleeding events.
-rrhaphy: Refers to surgical suturing, essential in various types of surgical repairs.
-plasty: Indicates surgical repair, often used in procedures like rhinoplasty or palatoplasty.
-ectasis, -ectasia: Means dilation, important in conditions affecting organs like blood vessels or bronchi.
-stenosis: Refers to narrowing, often found in cardiovascular and gastrointestinal contexts.
-stasis: Indicates stopping or controlling, seen in conditions like cholestasis.
-spasm: Describes involuntary muscle contractions that can influence organ function.
-tresia: Refers to an opening, as in surgical procedures that create new openings.
cholestasis: Characterized by stoppage of bile flow, significant in liver and gallbladder conditions.
herniorrhaphy: Surgical procedure to repair a hernia, involving suturing the weakened wall.
cholangiectasia: Condition involving dilation of bile ducts, relevant in gallbladder diseases.
hematemesis: Condition of spitting up blood, often indicating severe underlying issues.
palatoplasty: Surgical repair to the roof of the mouth, often performed in cleft palate cases.
pyloric stenosis: Narrowing of the pyloric sphincter, affecting infant digestion.
gastrorrhagia: Describes bleeding from the stomach, a serious medical condition.
pylorospasm: Sudden contraction of the pylorus, leading to gastric obstruction.
hemorrhage: Refers to excessive or uncontrolled bleeding, significant in trauma cases.
choledochtomy: Surgical incision of the common bile duct, usually for obstruction relief.
dysphagia: Difficulty in swallowing, requiring assessment for various underlying causes.
polyphagia: Excessive eating, often related to metabolic or endocrine disorders.
dyspepsia: Difficulty digesting food, commonly manifesting as discomfort or pain.
biliary atresia: Condition where bile ducts are not open, requiring surgical intervention.
pyorrhea: Discharge of pus from the gums, relevant in periodontal disease.
cholecystectomy: Surgical removal of the gallbladder, commonly performed in gallstone cases.
colectomy: Involves removal of a portion of the large intestine, often due to disease.
cecostomy: Creation of a new opening for waste removal from the colon.
abdominoplasty: Surgical repair of the abdomen, often for cosmetic or reconstructive purposes.
sphincterotomy: Surgical incision in a sphincter muscle, typically for reducing obstructions.
pancreatoduodenectomy: Extensive surgical procedure removing the pancreas and duodenum.
ileostomy: Creation of an opening from the ileum to the outside of the body, often for stool collection.
gingivectomy: Removal of gum tissue, typically to treat periodontal disease.
cholesystojejunostomy: Anastomosis between gallbladder and intestine, facilitating bile drainage.
paracentesis: Surgical puncture of the abdomen for fluid extraction, often for diagnostic purposes.
steatorrhea: Discharge of excess fat, indicative of digestive disorders like malabsorption.
hepatomegaly: Enlargement of the liver, symptom of various hepatic diseases.
abdominal ultrasonography: Imaging technique using sound waves to visualize abdominal organs.
stool culture: Laboratory test to identify bacterial infections in the gastrointestinal tract.
laparoscopy: Minimally invasive surgery involving visual examination through small incisions.
gastric bypass: Weight-loss surgery reducing stomach size and rerouting the digestive tract.

Diagnostic Procedures

Endoscopic exams: Procedures using an endoscope to visualize internal organs, including endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for bile duct imaging.
CT scan of the abdomen: Provides transverse x-ray pictures of abdominal organs for detailed investigation.
Liver biopsy: Involves the removal of liver tissue for microscopic examination, crucial for diagnosing liver diseases.
Barium enema: X-ray procedure examining the lower gastrointestinal tract, particularly for abnormalities.
Stool guaiac test: Tests for hidden blood in feces, significant for gastrointestinal bleeding evaluation.

Terminology Classification

Surgical terms: Terms including -ectomy, -plasty, and -rrhaphy highlight various surgical interventions.
Conditions: Terms like dysphagia, cholestasis, and celiac disease describe specific medical conditions and symptoms.

Description

Test your knowledge of medical terminology with these flashcards covering essential terms from Chapter 6. Each card presents a suffix or prefix and its definition, aiding in understanding complex medical language. Perfect for students and professionals seeking to enhance their medical vocabulary.