Medical Term Vocabulary (Anatomy)

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Questions and Answers

What does 'adnexa uteri' refer to?

fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments

What is the amnion?

innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus

What is the function of the areola?

dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple

What are Bartholin glands?

small mucus-secreting exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice Signup and view all the answers

What is the cervix?

lower, neck-like portion of the uterus Signup and view all the answers

What does the chorion form?

fetal part of the placenta Signup and view all the answers

What is the clitoris?

organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra Signup and view all the answers

What does 'coitus' refer to?

sexual intercourse; copulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the corpus luteum?

empty ovarian follicle that secretes progesterone after release of the egg cell Signup and view all the answers

What is a cul-de-sac?

region in the lower abdomen between the rectum and the uterus Signup and view all the answers

What is an embryo?

stage in prenatal development from 2 to 8 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes the endometrium?

inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus Signup and view all the answers

What does estrogen do?

produced by the ovaries; promotes female secondary sex characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fallopian tube?

duct through which the ovum travels to the uterus Signup and view all the answers

What is fertilization?

union of the sperm cell and ovum from which the embryo develops Signup and view all the answers

What is a fetus?

stage in prenatal development from 8 to 39 or 40 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What are fimbriae?

finger or fringe-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?

stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum) Signup and view all the answers

What is a gamete?

male or female sexual reproductive cell Signup and view all the answers

What does 'genitalia' refer to?

reproductive organs Signup and view all the answers

What is gestation?

period from fertilization of the ovum to birth Signup and view all the answers

What is a gonad?

female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is gynecology?

study of the female reproductive organs including the breasts Signup and view all the answers

What does human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) do?

stimulating the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What is a hymen?

mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina Signup and view all the answers

What are labia?

lips of the vagina Signup and view all the answers

What do lactiferous ducts do?

carry milk within the breast Signup and view all the answers

What is luteinizing hormone (LH)?

secreted by the pituitary gland to promote ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is a mammary papilla?

nipple of the breast Signup and view all the answers

What is menarche?

beginning of the first menstrual period and ability to reproduce Signup and view all the answers

What is menopause?

gradual ending of menstruation Signup and view all the answers

What is menstruation?

monthly shedding of the uterine lining Signup and view all the answers

What is myometrium?

muscle layer of the uterus Signup and view all the answers

What does neonatology study?

disorders and care of the newborn Signup and view all the answers

What is obstetrics?

branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth Signup and view all the answers

What is an orifice?

an opening Signup and view all the answers

What is an ovarian follicle?

developing sac enclosing each ovum within the ovary Signup and view all the answers

What is an ovary?

pair of female organs that produce egg cells and hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is ovulation?

release of the ovum from the ovary Signup and view all the answers

What is an ovum?

mature egg cell (female gamete) Signup and view all the answers

What is parturition?

act of giving birth Signup and view all the answers

What is the perineum?

area between the anus and the vagina in females Signup and view all the answers

What is the pituitary gland?

endocrine gland at the base of the brain that produces hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is a placenta?

vascular organ attached to the uterine wall during pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What is pregnancy?

condition of having a developing embryo and fetus in the uterus Signup and view all the answers

What is progesterone?

hormone produced by the corpus luteum and placenta Signup and view all the answers

What is puberty?

point in the life cycle at which secondary sex characteristics appear Signup and view all the answers

What is the uterine serosa?

outermost layer surrounding the uterus Signup and view all the answers

What is the uterus?

hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ Signup and view all the answers

What is the vagina?

muscular, mucosa-lined canal extending from the uterus to the exterior Signup and view all the answers

What does the vulva refer to?

external female genitalia Signup and view all the answers

What is a zygote?

stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation up to 2 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System

Adnexa Uteri: Refers to fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments which play crucial roles in reproduction.
Cervix: The neck-like lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina.
Uterus: A hollow muscular organ where embryos and fetuses develop; divided into three portions: fundus (upper), corpus (middle), and cervix (lower).
Ovary: Almond-shaped female reproductive organ that produces egg cells and hormones, containing about 400 ovarian follicles that mature over a woman's lifetime.

Developmental Stages

Zygote: An early prenatal stage occurring from fertilization up to 2 weeks, marking the beginning of development.
Embryo: Stage in development from 2 to 8 weeks where basic structures form.
Fetus: Stage from 8 weeks to approximately 40 weeks, where growth and maturation occur.

Hormones and Reproductive Functions

Estrogen: Hormone produced by ovaries responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics.
Progesterone: Secreted by the corpus luteum and placenta, essential for maintaining pregnancy.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG): Hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy, stimulating hormone production by the ovaries.
Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH): Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates ovarian follicle maturation.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Responsible for triggering ovulation and regulating the menstrual cycle.

Key Reproductive Structures

Fallopian Tubes: Ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus, also known as oviducts.
Chorion: The outermost membrane surrounding the embryo, forming part of the placenta.
Amnion: The innermost membranous sac encasing the developing fetus, providing a protective environment.
Cul-de-sac: A space in the lower abdomen located between the rectum and uterus, relevant in gynecological assessments.

Sexual Health and Reproductive Processes

Coitus: Describes sexual intercourse or copulation between partners.
Menarche: The onset of the first menstrual period, marking a female's ability to reproduce.
Menopause: The gradual ending of menstruation, signaling the end of a female's reproductive period.
Gestation: The duration of pregnancy, typically around 40 weeks from fertilization to birth.
Parturition: The act of giving birth.

Other Notable Terms

General Terminology: Includes terms like genitalia (reproductive organs), vaginal orifice (opening of the vagina), hymen (membrane covering the vagina), and perineum (area between anus and vagina).
Gynecology: The medical study of female reproductive organs, encompassing breast health as well.
Obstetrics: Branch of medicine focusing on the care of pregnant women, childbirth, and postpartum recovery.
Mammary Papilla: The nipple of the breast involved in lactation.
Lactiferous Ducts: Tubes transporting milk to the nipple.

These study notes summarize key concepts and terminology important for understanding the female reproductive system and its function in human development and reproductive health.

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Description

Test your knowledge on essential medical terms related to human anatomy. This quiz covers vocabulary from adnexa uteri to zygote, helping you understand important concepts in medical studies. Perfect for students and professionals alike!