Medical Term Chapter 3 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What does the skeletal system consist of?

Bones, cartilage, and muscles

Bones, bone marrow, cartilage, joints, ligaments, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, and bursa (correct)

Bones and soft tissues

Only bones

What is the periosteum?

Tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone.

What does the prefix 'peri-' mean?

Surrounding

What does the prefix 'oste-' indicate?

Bone Signup and view all the answers

What is compact bone?

Dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones. Signup and view all the answers

What is spongy bone?

Lighter and not as strong as the compact bone, commonly found in ends and inner portions of long bones. Signup and view all the answers

Where is the medullary cavity located?

In the shaft of a long bone and surrounded by compact bone. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'medullary' refer to?

Pertaining to the inner section. Signup and view all the answers

Where is red bone marrow located?

Within spongy bone. Signup and view all the answers

What does hemopoietic mean?

Pertaining to the formation of blood cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of yellow bone marrow?

Functions as a fat storage area. Signup and view all the answers

What is cartilage?

Smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones. Signup and view all the answers

What is articular cartilage?

Covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints. Signup and view all the answers

What is a meniscus?

Curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints such as the knee. Signup and view all the answers

What is the diaphysis?

Shaft of a long bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the epiphysis?

Covered with articular cartilage and is the wide end of a long bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the proximal epiphysis?

End of the bone located nearest to the midline of the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is the distal epiphysis?

End of the bone located farthest away from the midline. Signup and view all the answers

What is a foramen?

Opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass. Signup and view all the answers

What is a process in bone anatomy?

Normal projection on the surface of a bone that serves as an attachment for muscles and tendons. Signup and view all the answers

What are joints?

Places of union between two or more bones. Signup and view all the answers

What are fibrous joints?

Inflexible layers of dense connective tissue that hold the bones tightly together. Signup and view all the answers

What are fontanelles?

Soft spots that are normally present on the skull of a newborn. Signup and view all the answers

What are cartilaginous joints?

Joints that allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage. Signup and view all the answers

What is the pubic symphysis?

Cartilaginous joint that allows some movement to facilitate birth. Signup and view all the answers

What is a synovial joint?

Created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'articulate' mean?

Means to come together. Signup and view all the answers

What are ball and socket joints?

Joints such as hips and shoulders that allow a wide range of movement in many directions. Signup and view all the answers

What are hinge joints?

Such as knees and elbows, allow movement primarily in one direction or plane. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skeletal System Overview

The skeletal system comprises bones, bone marrow, cartilage, joints, ligaments, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, and bursa.
It functions as the body's framework, providing support and protection for internal organs.

Key Components of Bones

Periosteum: Tough, fibrous tissue covering the outer layer of bone.
Compact Bone: Dense, strong bone forming the protective outer layer.
Spongy Bone: Lighter bone found in the ends and inner portions of long bones, like the femur.

Bone Structure

Medullary Cavity: Located in the shaft of long bones, surrounded by compact bone.
Endosteum: Tissue lining the medullary cavity.

Bone Marrow Types

Red Bone Marrow: Located in spongy bone; produces red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes.
Yellow Bone Marrow: Fat storage area located in the medullary cavity, mainly composed of fat cells.

Cartilage and Joint Function

Cartilage: Smooth, blue-white connective tissue that serves as a shock absorber, offering more elasticity than bone.
Articular Cartilage: Covers bones at joints, enabling smooth movement and protecting bones from friction.

Bone Terminology

Diaphysis: The shaft of a long bone.
Epiphysis: The wider end of a long bone covered with articular cartilage.
Proximal Epiphysis: End of the bone closest to the body's midline.
Distal Epiphysis: End of the bone farthest from the body’s midline.

Bone Openings and Projections

Foramen: Openings in bones allowing passage of blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments.
Process: Normal bone projections that serve as muscle and tendon attachment sites.

Joints and Their Types

Joints (Articulations): Union points between two or more bones.
Fibrous Joints: Inflexible joints held together by dense connective tissue.
Fontanelles: Soft spots on a newborn's skull that harden as the child grows.
Cartilaginous Joints: Slightly movable joints connected entirely by cartilage.
Pubic Symphysis: A cartilaginous joint aiding movement during childbirth.
Synovial Joints: Allow a variety of motion where two bones articulate.

Synovial Joint Types

Ball and Socket Joints: Such as hips and shoulders, allowing extensive movement in various directions.
Hinge Joints: Examples include knees and elbows, allowing movement in one primary direction or plane.

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Description

Explore key terms from Chapter 3 of medical terminology focused on the skeletal system. This quiz includes essential definitions that provide a foundational understanding of the skeletal anatomy, including bones and related structures. Perfect for students and professionals needing a quick review of medical terms.