Medical Terminology of Skeletal System
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following accurately describes a synovial joint?

  • A joint primarily stabilized by ligaments
  • A slightly movable joint
  • A joint with no movement capability
  • A freely movable joint with synovial fluid (correct)

    • What is the role of osteoblasts in the skeletal system?

  • To destroy bone tissue
  • To transport minerals in bone
  • To produce bone tissue (correct)
  • To maintain the bone matrix

    • What distinguishes a suture from other types of joints?

  • It is a slightly movable joint
  • It allows for free movement
  • It is an immovable joint (correct)
  • It connects muscles to bones

    • What is the main function of synovial fluid?

    <p>To cushion and lubricate joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the skeleton contains the largest number of bones?

    <p>Appendicular skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is responsible for the breakdown and absorption of bone tissue?

    <p>Osteoclast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of curvature of the spine?

    <p>An exaggeration or deviation of spinal curve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a symphysis joint?

    <p>A slightly movable joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of bone marrow?

    <p>Soft material filling the cavities of bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ligaments in the skeletal system?

    <p>To connect one bone to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which spinal curvature is characterized by an excessive curve in the lumbar region?

    <p>Lordosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a condition characterized by square, thickened bones often seen in elderly patients?

    <p>Paget disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by reduced bone density, particularly in postmenopausal women?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the procedure of aspirating fluid from a joint called?

    <p>Arthrocentesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of arthritis is characterized by inflammation of peripheral joints and is more common in women?

    <p>Rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of bisphosphonates in medical treatment?

    <p>Prevent and treat osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is useful for diagnosing bone formation issues due to its activity in the serum?

    <p>Alkaline phosphatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for a joint replacement procedure using a prosthesis?

    <p>Arthroplasty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin deficiency primarily causes rickets in children?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'anti-inflammatory agent' refer to?

    <p>Drugs, such as NSAIDs or steroids, that reduce inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes up the axial skeleton?

    <p>The skull, 8 cranial bones, and 14 facial bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

    <p>To break down bone tissue for mineral release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the appendicular skeleton's upper division?

    <p>Scapula, clavicle, and arm bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does collagen play in bone tissue?

    <p>Gives bone tissue its strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joints are described as immovable and held together by fibrous connective tissue?

    <p>Sutures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves the addition of calcium and phosphorus salts to cartilage during bone formation?

    <p>Ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two categories of the human skeleton?

    <p>Axial and appendicular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the vertebral column adds strength and flexibility?

    <p>Intervertebral discs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the process of destroying bone to release its components into circulation?

    <p>Resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones are part of the lower division of the appendicular skeleton?

    <p>Patella, tibia, and femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Medical Terminology of Skeletal System

    • The skeletal system forms the framework of the body, protects vital organs, and works with the muscular system to produce movement at the joints.
    • An adult human skeleton is composed of 206 bones.
    • The skeleton is divided into two parts: the axial skeleton (yellow) and appendicular skeleton (blue).

    Division of Skeletal System: Axial Skeleton

    • The axial skeleton forms the central core, or "axis."
    • It consists of:
      • The skull (8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones).
      • The spinal column (26 vertebrae). Cartilage disks between vertebrae provide strength and flexibility.
      • Ossicles (inner ear).
      • Hyoid bone.
      • Rib cage.

    Division of Skeletal System: Appendicular Skeleton

    • The appendicular skeleton is attached to the axial skeleton.

    • The upper division includes:

      • The bones of the shoulder girdle (clavicle, scapula).
      • The bones of the upper extremities (humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges).

    • The lower division includes:

      • The pelvic bones (two large bones joining the sacrum and coccyx to form the pelvic girdle).
      • The bones of the lower extremities (femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges).

    Bone Formation

    • Most bone tissue is formed by the gradual addition of calcium and phosphorus salts to cartilage.
    • The bone-forming process, ossification, begins before birth and continues throughout adulthood.
    • Collagen gives bone tissue strength.
    • Bone is a living tissue that is constantly being replaced and remodeled throughout life.
    • The three types of cells involved in these changes are:
      • Osteoblasts (produce bone)
      • Osteocytes (maintain bone tissue)
      • Osteoclasts (breakdown bone tissue to release minerals or reshape and repair).
    • Bone resorption is the process of destroying bone. This activity occurs continuously, balancing with bone formation.

    Joint Structure

    • Joints, or articulations, are classified according to the degree of movement they allow.
    • Three types of joints:
      • Sutures (immovable joints, held together by fibrous connective tissue, like skull bones).
      • Symphyses (slightly movable joints connected by fibrous cartilage, like joints between vertebral bodies).
      • Synovial joints (freely movable joints), allowing for a wide range of movements.Tendons attach muscles to bones, producing movement at joints.
    • Freely movable joints have protective features: synovial fluid cushions and lubricates the joint.

    Terminology Key Terms (Structures and Functions)

    • Bone: A calcified form of dense connective tissue, an individual unit of the skeleton.
    • Bone marrow: The soft material that fills bone cavities (yellow marrow in long bones).
    • Cartilage: A type of dense connective tissue found in the skeleton, larynx, trachea, and bronchi.
    • Diarthrosis/Joint: A freely movable joint, also called a synovial joint.
    • Ligament: A strong band of connective tissue joining one bone to another.
    • Ossification: The formation of bone tissue.
    • Osteoblast: A cell that produces bone tissue.
    • Osteoclast: A cell that destroys bone tissue.
    • Osteocyte: A mature bone cell that nourishes and maintains bone tissue.
    • Pelvis: The large ring of bone at the inferior trunk, formed from the two hip bones.
    • Resorption: Removal of bone by breakdown and absorption into the circulation.
    • Skeleton: The body's bony framework (80 bones in axial skeleton and 126 bones in appendicular skeleton).
    • Suture: An immovable joint, as seen in the skull.
    • Symphysis: A slightly movable joint.
    • Synovial Fluid: The fluid in a freely movable joint.
    • Synovial Joint: A freely movable joint, with a joint cavity containing synovial fluid.
    • Tendon: A fibrous band of connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones.

    Roots Pertaining to the Skeletal System

    (Including examples and definitions of relevant terms like osteopenia, myeloid, chondroblast, arthrosis, etc.)

    Disorders of Skeletal System

    • Curvatures of the Spine: Exaggeration or deviation of the spinal curve, including:
      • Kyphosis (exaggerated curve in the thoracic region)
      • Lordosis (exaggerated curve in the lumbar region)
      • Scoliosis (sideways curvature of the spine).
    • General skeletal disorders: arthritis, fracture, gout, osteoarthritis, osteomalacia, osteomyelitis, osteoporosis, Paget's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and rickets.

    Treatment and Procedure of Skeletal System

    • Alkaline phosphatase: An enzyme needed for bone formation (useful in diagnosis).
    • Arthrocentesis: Aspiration of fluid from a joint by needle puncture.
    • Arthroplasty: Partial or total replacement of a joint with a prosthesis.
    • Arthroscopy: Examination of a joint interior or surgery using an endoscope.
    • Orthopedics: The study and treatment of disorders of the skeleton, muscles, and associated structures.

    Drugs of Skeletal System

    • Anti-inflammatory agent: Drugs that reduce inflammation (e.g., steroids, NSAIDs).
    • Bisphosphonate: Agent to prevent and treat osteoporosis.
    • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID): Drugs that reduce inflammation but are not steroids (e.g., aspirin, ibuprofen)..
    • Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM): Drug acting on estrogen receptors (e.g., raloxifene); used to prevent bone loss.

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    Skeletal System Terminology PDF

    Description

    Explore the complexities of the skeletal system through this informative quiz. Learn about the axial and appendicular skeletons, their components, and their critical functions in the human body. Perfect for students of anatomy or anyone interested in medical terminology.

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