Medical Procedures Quiz: ERCP and Cystoscopy

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Questions and Answers

What should be removed before an ERCP procedure?

Dentures, jewelry, or contact lenses (correct)

Clothing

All medications

Earrings only

Which condition could lead to the need for an ERCP?

Headache

Bile duct blockage (correct)

Skin rash

Ear infection

What is the purpose of monitoring patients after an ERCP?

To prepare them for anesthesia

To observe the effects of sedatives (correct)

To perform a physical examination

To ensure they're ready for discharge

What is a significant risk associated with the ERCP procedure?

Allergic reaction to sedative Signup and view all the answers

Which term is another name for the pancreatic duct?

Wirsung Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for performing an ERCP?

Existing bowel perforation Signup and view all the answers

What does a proctoscopy examine?

The rectum and anal canal Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom may indicate the need for cystoscopy?

Frequent urinary tract infections Signup and view all the answers

What is a main indication for performing a cystoscopy?

To examine the inside of the bladder Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for cystoscopy?

Active urinary tract infection Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the possible complications that may arise after proctoscopy?

Heavy blood loss Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following procedures is also known as uretero-renoscopy?

Uretroscopy Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cystoscopy allows for greater flexibility during examination?

Flexible cystoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of endoscopy?

To view and operate on internal organs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms could indicate the need for an endoscopy?

Unexplained weight loss Signup and view all the answers

Which type of endoscopy is specifically used for the bladder?

Cystoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of endoscopy?

It can only see the surface of the organ Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques uses a camera capsule to examine the digestive tract?

Capsule endoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does endoscopy have compared to traditional surgery?

Less invasive procedure Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the sensors attached to the chest during capsule endoscopy?

To record the visual data from the capsule Signup and view all the answers

Which endoscopy type is used for the examination of the lungs?

Bronchoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the insufflator in the context of surgery?

To inflate the abdomen with CO2 gas Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recognized advantage of laparoscopic surgery?

Less staff required Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is typically managed with endoscopy?

Chronic constipation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of gastroscopy?

To diagnose conditions like ulcers and cancer Signup and view all the answers

What condition can be diagnosed by examining the esophageal lining during an endoscopy?

Oesophagitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for colonoscopy?

Chronic diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What therapeutic application is NOT associated with small bowel enteroscopy?

Appendectomy Signup and view all the answers

Which type of endoscopy is primarily used to examine conditions related to gastroesophageal reflux?

Upper GI endoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of therapeutic colonoscopy?

Internal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is one limitation of gastroscopy?

Very early abnormalities might go undetected. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indication for performing small bowel enteroscopy?

Chronic diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not typically a condition ruled out during endoscopy?

Diabetes mellitus Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is an indication for performing a colonoscopy?

Abdominal pain Signup and view all the answers

What condition could gastroscopy help diagnose?

Ulcers Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of performing a colonoscopy?

It allows both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why a colonoscopy may be challenging to perform?

Anatomical challenges such as a mobile sigmoid colon Signup and view all the answers

What is one purpose of using endoscopy on the small intestine?

To diagnose and treat conditions such as bleeding or tumors Signup and view all the answers

Which type of endoscopy is specifically focused on the small intestine beyond the duodenum?

Double-Balloon Enteroscopy Signup and view all the answers

Which therapeutic indication is NOT typically managed during ERCP?

Bronchoscopy treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication associated with bronchoscopy?

Pneumothorax Signup and view all the answers

What preparation is recommended for patients undergoing bronchoscopy?

Fasting for 6-12 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is an indication for therapeutic bronchoscopy?

Management of endobronchial bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a contraindication for performing bronchoscopy?

Uncorrectable hypoxemia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a therapeutic use of bronchoscopy?

Surgical resection of the lung Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Endoscopy Exam Notes

What is Endoscopy?
- A procedure to view and operate on internal organs and vessels.
- Not only for the digestive system, but has a wider scope.
When is Endoscopy Used?
- Investigation of unusual symptoms.
- Performing certain types of surgery.
- Removing small tissue samples for analysis.
Types of Endoscopy
- Laparoscopy (abdomen/pelvis)
- Hysteroscopy (uterus)
- Cystoscopy (bladder)
- Gastroscopy (upper GI)
- Colonoscopy (colon)
- Sigmoidoscopy
- ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography)
- Bronchoscopy (lungs)
- Laryngoscopy
- Arthroscopy (joints)
- Nasopharyngoscopy
- Otoscopy (ears)
Why Endoscopy?
- Less invasive compared to open surgery.
- Allows for descriptive and photographic documentation.
- Low morbidity and mortality rate.
Disadvantages
- Can only view the surface of the organ.
- Can only view a small area at a time.
Diagnosis and Treatment
- Source of bleeding.
- Polyps (abnormal tissues).
- Inflammatory bowel diseases.

Capsule Endoscopy

Latest technique
- Uses a small-sized video capsule with a camera to examine digestive tract.
- Sensors are attached to a data recorder.
- The Capsule naturally passes from the body.
Uses
- Examination of the digestive tract.
- Sensors attached to the chest, which transmits images.

Endoscopy B

Da Vinci Surgical System
- Offers robot-assisted surgery.
- Improved dexterity and control.
- Reduced hospital stay.
- Less staff required.
Conditions treated
- GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
- Upper GI endoscopy
- Enteroscopy
- Colonoscopy
- Endoscopy superior to radiologic imaging for biopsies, except for motility disorders.
Limitations
- Some limitations exist, but endoscopy can identify IBD, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, stomach ulcers, chronic constipation, pancreatitis, gallstones, tumors, and infections.
Therapeutic options
- Injection, clips removal of foreign bodies, Dilating strictures, stenting.
- Feeding Tube (PEG) insertion - Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy.
Conditions needing endoscopy
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD), reflux esophagitis, ulcerative disease, esophageal to jejunal ulcer disease, malignancy.

Endoscopy A

Investigating Symptoms:
- Vomiting blood, chronic diarrhea, dysphagia, persistent abdominal pain, unexplained vomiting, weight loss.
- Chest pain not related to the heart, persistent vomiting, unexplained weight loss
Narrow Band Imaging:
- Filtered light for better visualization of internal organs

Endoscopy C

Reliable Diagnosis:
- Gastroscopy is reliable for identifying abnormalities (inflammation, ulcers, tumors) in the upper digestive tract (esophagus, stomach, duodenum).
Gastroscopy limitations:
- Gastroscopy is not foolproof; it can't guarantee detecting all abnormalities, particularly early-stage conditions, like some cancers.
Procedure and diagnosis
- It views the entire large intestine.
- It detects abnormalities in the lining or tissues.
Clinical Indications for Colonoscopy
- Constipation, abdominal pain, post-polypectomy surveillance, prevention/aftercare for colorectal carcinoma, bleeding from rectum, unexplained anemia, weight loss, thickening of the colon detected by imaging, primary tumor search with metastasis, malignancy.

Endoscopy D

Anal Canal Examination:
- Very short segment (2-3cm) from anal verge to dentate line.
Distal Rectum examination: -Retroflexion used after scope insertion.
Terminal Ileum Examination:
- Part of the small intestine passed through the scope.
Procedure of Enteroscopy: -Used to view the small intestine, including deeper parts not accessible with a standard gastroscope.
Types of Enteroscopy:
- Capsule enteroscopy, double-balloon enteroscopy.

Endoscopy E

Therapeutic Bronchoscopy:
- Insertion of an endotracheal tube.
- Extent of neck is dangerous.
- Extent of neck is dangerous.
- Tamponade of endobronchial bleeding.
Complications of Bronchoscopy:
- Pneumothorax, hemorrhage, hypoxemia, bronchospasm.
Preparation before Bronchoscopy:
- Fasting (6-12 hours), no drinks.
- Smoking avoided for 24 hours, avoid aspirin and Ibuprofen-like drugs.
Possible treatments after
- Stent therapy, laser therapy, Argon beam coagulation, brachytherapy

Endoscopy F

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
- A specialized medical procedure.
- Used to diagnose and treat conditions that affect bile ducts, gall bladder, pancreas, and liver.
- Combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy.
ERCP therapeutic indications
- Sphincterotomy, stone removal, stent placement, and balloon dilation.
ERCP Preparation
- No eating or drinking for 8 hours (fasting) before.

Endoscopy G

Cystoscopy
- Procedure to examine the inside of the bladder and urethra.
- Uses a thin, tube-like instrument.
- Views the urinary tract on a screen.
Indications for Cystoscopy
- Routine examination of the urinary bladder, diagnose tumors/biopsies, evaluations for obstructions (blockages), treating hemangiomas, or removing foreign bodies.
Cystoscopy Types
- Rigid Cystoscopy, flexible Cystoscopy, Ureteroscopy
Contra-indications for Cystoscopy
- Active urinary tract infections, severe urethral stricture, acute prostatitis, severe coagulopathy or bleeding disorders, recent bladder or urethra disorders, pregnancy, pelvic radiation history.
Procedure description
- The procedure evaluates deeper parts of the urinary tract.
Types of Cystoscopies
- Rigid and flexible.
Ureterscopy (URS)
- Examines the upper urinary tract (renal pelvis and calyces).

Endoscopy H

Cystoscopy
- Procedure used to examine the bladder and urethra.
- Used to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the bladder and urethra.
Indications for Cystoscopy
- Frequent urinary tract infections, blood in urine (hematuria), frequent and urgent need to urinate, abnormal cells in urine samples, painful urination, urinary blockages (prostate enlargement), abnormal narrowings of the urinary tract, stones in the bladder, unusual growths/polyps/tumors in the bladder.

Endoscopy I

Proctoscopy:
- Procedure to examine the rectum and anal canal.
- Uses a short, rigid instrument.
Purpose of Proctoscopy
- Detect diseases, evaluate abnormalities found during barium enema, diagnose rectal bleeding, detect polyps, and monitor rectal cancer after surgery.
Procedure/Complications
- Examination of the rectum and anal canal.
- Possible heavy blood loss, difficulty urinating, heavy pain after the procedure.

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Description

Test your knowledge on medical procedures such as ERCP and cystoscopy. This quiz covers important concepts, indications, contraindications, and possible complications associated with these procedures. Perfect for medical students or healthcare professionals.