Medical Microbiology (BIO 219) Overview

<p>Microorganisms were the first to occupy Earth before humans. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organizing, classifying, and naming living organisms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The genus name (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antony van Leeuwenhoek (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proposing the Theory of Germ Disease and developing pasteurization techniques. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The development of culture techniques to grow bacteria in the lab. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Louis Pasteur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discovering ‘animalcules’ in rainwater. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Animalcules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formulating principles regarding diseases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His work on non-toxic antimicrobial substances. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Astrophysics. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infectious diseases caused by bacterial and viral pathogens. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased understanding of disease mechanisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To actively destroy microbial cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased knowledge on how diseases progress through the body. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A technique utilizing acidic and basic stains. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Microbiology is the scientific study of microscopic organisms, which includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.

Microorganisms are called 'microbes' because they're too small to see with the naked eye and need a microscope for observation. They were the first life forms on Earth, and exist in all parts of the biosphere.

Microorganisms are classified into cellular and acellular categories, depending on their structure. Cellular microbes include prokaryotic cells (like bacteria) and eukaryotic cells (such as yeasts, algae, and parasites). Acellular microbes are devoid of cells like viruses.

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and intracellular organelles, like the ones found in plants and animals. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and organelles. Viruses don't have cells or a nucleus, making them acellular.

Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms. It uses a hierarchical system to arrange organisms based on their shared characteristics.

A system that classifies organisms based on shared characteristics, including naming, identifying and arranging them into groups.

A system for naming living organisms using two names: the genus, capitalized, and the species, lowercase.

He was a Dutch philosopher who is credited with inventing the simple microscope and observing microorganisms, contributing to the birth of 'Bacteriology' and 'Protozoology'.

A French scientist who proposed the 'Germ Theory of Disease' and developed the technique for pasteurizing milk to prevent spoilage.

A German microbiologist who developed culturing techniques to grow bacteria in the lab.

Organisms that need oxygen to survive.

Organisms that can survive without oxygen.

Robert Koch was a German doctor known for discovering the bacteria responsible for tuberculosis in humans. He also pioneered the groundbreaking staining technique using acidic or basic dyes to visualize bacteria under a microscope.

Alexander Fleming, a Scottish doctor and biochemist, made a significant contribution to medicine by discovering penicillin, the first antibiotic. His research on antimicrobial substances led to this groundbreaking finding, earning him a Nobel Prize in 1945.

Microbiology is an applied science with a vast scope, impacting various fields like genetics, biochemistry, food sciences, ecology, immunology, agriculture, medicine, and many others. It plays a critical role in understanding and solving problems in diverse areas.

The control of infectious diseases is a result of combined efforts including advancements in understanding disease processes and implementing preventive measures like vaccination and hygiene practices. These efforts have drastically reduced the mortality rate caused by infectious diseases in developed countries.

Before the 20th century, infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses were the leading cause of death. However, due to advancements in public health and medical practices, these diseases have become less deadly in developed countries.

Medical microbiology is a branch of microbiology that focuses on the study of microorganisms, their interactions with humans, and their role in causing diseases. Understanding these interactions is essential for diagnosing, treating, and preventing infectious diseases

Bacterial cells lack a nucleus and internal organelles, making them prokaryotes. These single-celled organisms are ubiquitous and play diverse roles in nature, some beneficial and some detrimental to humans.

Viruses are acellular particles consisting of genetic material enclosed in a protein coat. They are obligate intracellular parasites, meaning they can only replicate within a host cell. They are responsible for a wide range of diseases in humans and other organisms.