Medical Management of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common symptom manifesting in cases of ruptured AAA?

  • Acute hypotension leading to syncope (correct)
  • Sensation of a pulsatile mass
  • Severe sharp pain in the chest
  • Dull, vague abdominal pain

    • Which location is most favorable for an AAA to rupture to reduce immediate fatality?

  • Back or posterior of the aorta (correct)
  • Left lateral wall of the aorta
  • Anterior wall of the aorta
  • Inferior wall of the aorta

    • Which of the following is NOT considered a complication associated with AAA?

  • Duodenal obstruction
  • Blue Toe Syndrome
  • Pulmonary embolism (correct)
  • Vertebral body erosion

    • What is the recommended monitoring frequency for AAAs smaller than 4.0?

    <p>Every 3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is NOT advised for medical management of AAA?

    <p>Prescribing anticoagulants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for cardiac output (CO)?

    <p>4-8 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)?

    <p>CPP = MAP - ICP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a systemic vascular resistance (SVR) value of 1500 indicate?

    <p>Increased vascular resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)?

    <p>50-250</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT affect intracranial pressure (ICP)?

    <p>Cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates a concerning level of intracranial pressure (ICP)?

    <p>Greater than 20 mm HG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication is NOT associated with a Swan Ganz catheter?

    <p>Heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical stroke volume (SV) ejected by each ventricle with every heartbeat?

    <p>50-100 ml/beat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for maintaining the patient's position at 30 degrees?

    <p>To facilitate the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding cerebrospinal fluid removal is true?

    <p>Removal should not exceed 20-30 ml per hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign is NOT indicative of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

    <p>Bilateral euphoria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect of administering Mannitol?

    <p>Pulmonary edema and CHF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key monitoring requirement when administering hypertonic saline?

    <p>Monitor blood pressure and sodium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication should NOT be given to traumatic brain injury patients?

    <p>Corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication can occur due to cooling blankets used in hyperthermic patients?

    <p>Hypothermia complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of barbiturates in the management of increased ICP?

    <p>They serve as a sedative when other treatments fail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is NOT performed by the AV node?

    <p>Delays impulse to allow for atrial contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average estimated blood loss for a femur fracture according to the data provided?

    <p>1,276 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is most likely to occur in patients with a spinal cord injury above T6?

    <p>Autonomic dysreflexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary intervention for managing tension pneumothorax?

    <p>Needle decompression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What heart rate range is characteristic of the SA node in a healthy individual?

    <p>60-100 beats per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential trigger for autonomic dysreflexia?

    <p>Low blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physiological response associated with neurogenic shock?

    <p>Bradycardia and hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bite is known to be the most dangerous and typically requires antibiotics?

    <p>Cat bites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is used for opioid overdose?

    <p>Naloxone (Narcan)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal when using the Train of 4 method in muscle twitch stimulation?

    <p>Achieve 1-2 twitches out of 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a treatment for Esophageal Varices?

    <p>Insulin therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial management priority for trauma based on the ABCDEFG approach?

    <p>Alertness and airway management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by abdominal pain that radiates to the back and is associated with fatty foods?

    <p>Acute Pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom indicates hepatic encephalopathy due to rising ammonia levels?

    <p>Asterixis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can arise from end-stage COPD?

    <p>Cor Pulmonale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a patient with cirrhosis, which of the following substances should be avoided?

    <p>Acetaminophen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following management strategies is important for patients with acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Keeping the patient NPO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a dangerous food behavior for someone with Esophageal Varices?

    <p>Eating coarse or sharp foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for symptomatic PAC?

    <p>Reduce caffeine intake and consider beta-blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of A-flutter, which treatment is appropriate for an unstable patient?

    <p>Synchronized cardioversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is indicative of Mobitz 2 heart block?

    <p>Dropping of QRS complexes with consistent P waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for asystole?

    <p>CPR and epinephrine administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What visual characteristic is associated with junctional escape rhythms?

    <p>Absence of P waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment of choice for stable patients experiencing ventricular tachycardia?

    <p>Cardioversion and sedation if time allows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of asymptomatic Wenckebach, what is the recommended approach?

    <p>Observation with a transcutaneous pacer on standby</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is indicated for symptomatic unifocal PVC patients?

    <p>Lidocaine and amiodarone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What rhythm is characterized by the appearance of more P waves than QRS complexes?

    <p>3rd degree heart block</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a treatment method for VFIB?

    <p>Adenosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    AAA Symptoms

    • Dull, vague pain in abdomen, back, or flank
    • Can be acute and severe in ruptured AAA
    • Sensation of a pulsating mass in the abdomen
    • Hypotension, often manifesting as syncope
    • Occurring in cases of ruptured AAA
    • Diminished femoral pulses
    • "Blue Toe" Syndrome

    AAA Associated Complications

    • Duodenal obstruction, leading to vomiting and weight loss
    • Due to microemboli from aortic thrombus
    • Vertebral body erosion leading to severe back pain

    AAA Location of Rupture

    • Best place for rupture is in the back/posterior, because it can tamponade and hold pressure on itself. Rupture in the anterior is life threatening.

    AAA Treatment

    • Medical management:
      • Control hypertension
      • Quit smoking
      • Control other risk factors
      • STATIN and/or ACE inhibitor use can be beneficial
    • Monitoring:
      • Small aneurysms (4.0 to 5.4): Ultrasound or CT every 6 to 12 months
      • Smaller aneurysms (less than 4.0): CT every 3 years
    • Open repair: More complex procedure, requires monitoring of kidneys, urine output, and pedal pulses and ensuring extremity movement.

    Other Important Notes

    • Monitor neurologic status, peripheral perfusion status, and renal perfusion status.
    • Monitor kidneys and urine output in open repairs.
    • Keep everything as normal as possible to avoid complications. If things get too excited, the graft can burst; or too calm, it can clot off.

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    Medical Notes on AAA and Related Conditions PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the management and complications associated with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. This quiz covers symptoms, monitoring protocols, and treatment recommendations essential for healthcare professionals. Enhance your understanding of cardiovascular implications and patient care.

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