Diagnóstico y tratamiento de aneurisma aórtico abdominal

Diagnosis

• Imaging tests:
  • Ultrasound (US) to screen for AAA
  • Computed Tomography (CT) scan to confirm diagnosis and assess size
  • Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) for detailed images
• Physical examination:
  • Palpation to detect pulsatile mass
  • Auscultation to detect bruits

Treatment Options

• Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR):
  • Minimally invasive, uses stent-graft to reinforce aorta
  • Suitable for patients with suitable anatomy
• Open Surgical Repair:
  • Invasive, involves replacing affected aorta with graft
  • Suitable for patients with complex anatomy
• Watchful Waiting:
  • Monitoring for small AAAs (<4.5 cm) with regular imaging
  • Surgery considered if AAA grows rapidly or reaches 5.5 cm

Causes And Risk Factors

• Atherosclerosis: accumulation of plaque in arteries
• Hypertension: high blood pressure
• Smoking: damages artery walls and reduces blood flow
• Family History: first-degree relatives with AAA
• Age: risk increases after 65 years
• Male Gender: more common in men than women
• Genetic Disorders: e.g. Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Symptoms And Signs

• Asymptomatic: often discovered incidentally during imaging tests
• Pain: abdominal, back, or groin pain
• Pulsatile Mass: palpable mass in abdomen
• Rupture: severe pain, hypotension, and tachycardia

Rupture Prevention

• Regular Screening: for high-risk patients (e.g. smokers, family history)
• Blood Pressure Control: managing hypertension to reduce artery stress
• Smoking Cessation: quitting smoking to reduce artery damage
• Surgical Intervention: repairing AAAs before rupture
• Monitoring: regular imaging to track AAA growth and detect potential rupture

Diagnóstico

• Pruebas de imagen:
  • Ecografía (US) para detectar AAA
  • TAC ( Computarizada ) para confirmar diagnóstico y evaluar tamaño
  • Angiografía por Resonancia Magnética (ARM) para obtener imágenes detalladas
• Examen físico:
  • Palpación para detectar masa pulsátil
  • Auscultación para detectar soplos

Opciones de Tratamiento

• Reparación de Aneurisma Endovascular (EVAR):
  • Minimamente invasiva, utiliza stent-graft para reforzar aorta
  • Adecuada para pacientes con anatomía adecuada
• Reparación Quirúrgica Abierta:
  • Invasiva, implica reemplazar aorta afectada con injerto
  • Adecuada para pacientes con anatomía compleja
• Vigilancia:
  • Monitoreo para AAA pequeñas (menos de 5,5 cm de diámetro)
  • Reevaluación periódica para detectar crecimiento o cambio en el aneurisma

Este cuestionario evalúa tus conocimientos sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de aneurismas aórticos abdominales. Incluye pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes y opciones de tratamiento quirúrgico.