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Questions and Answers
What does relative loudness refer to in audio conventions?
What does relative loudness refer to in audio conventions?
Which audio convention is commonly used to enhance storytelling?
Which audio convention is commonly used to enhance storytelling?
What technique involves the linear/horizontal presentation of pitch?
What technique involves the linear/horizontal presentation of pitch?
Why is synchronization important in audio conventions?
Why is synchronization important in audio conventions?
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What is the primary purpose of using audio conventions in media?
What is the primary purpose of using audio conventions in media?
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Which communication method was primarily used during World War for military purposes?
Which communication method was primarily used during World War for military purposes?
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Who is credited as the inventor of radio?
Who is credited as the inventor of radio?
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What was the period known as the Golden Age of Radio?
What was the period known as the Golden Age of Radio?
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What is one type of radio communication that involves describing a scene as an observer?
What is one type of radio communication that involves describing a scene as an observer?
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What role does silence play in sound design?
What role does silence play in sound design?
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Which type of film is characterized by not conforming to mainstream practices?
Which type of film is characterized by not conforming to mainstream practices?
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What is the primary goal of the editing process in film production?
What is the primary goal of the editing process in film production?
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Which category of film is defined by its length?
Which category of film is defined by its length?
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Which type of editing is not included in the four different reasons for editing?
Which type of editing is not included in the four different reasons for editing?
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What defines a 'Z Film' in terms of production?
What defines a 'Z Film' in terms of production?
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How are foreign films categorized when they include translated audio?
How are foreign films categorized when they include translated audio?
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What is the main concern regarding voice cloning technology?
What is the main concern regarding voice cloning technology?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of film format listed?
Which of the following is NOT a type of film format listed?
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What aspect do technical codes in film primarily involve?
What aspect do technical codes in film primarily involve?
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What technology allows users to create computer-generated singing?
What technology allows users to create computer-generated singing?
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Which genre has seen a particular rise in the use of AI-generated singing voices?
Which genre has seen a particular rise in the use of AI-generated singing voices?
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What was the purpose of the zoetrope invented in the mid-19th century?
What was the purpose of the zoetrope invented in the mid-19th century?
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What significant event highlighted the role of photography in public life in the mid-19th century?
What significant event highlighted the role of photography in public life in the mid-19th century?
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What was a primary function of the Kinetoscope demonstrated by the Edison Company?
What was a primary function of the Kinetoscope demonstrated by the Edison Company?
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During which time period did the integration of voice technology with audio content begin to grow?
During which time period did the integration of voice technology with audio content begin to grow?
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Which of the following best describes Vocaloids?
Which of the following best describes Vocaloids?
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What is the primary purpose of lighting in film production?
What is the primary purpose of lighting in film production?
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Which type of shot focuses on establishing the scene with little detail?
Which type of shot focuses on establishing the scene with little detail?
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How is a Long Shot characterized in film?
How is a Long Shot characterized in film?
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What aspect is NOT included in the elements of lighting?
What aspect is NOT included in the elements of lighting?
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What does 'camerawork' refer to in film production?
What does 'camerawork' refer to in film production?
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What does a Medium Long Shot depict?
What does a Medium Long Shot depict?
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In what way does a High Angle shot influence the viewer's perception?
In what way does a High Angle shot influence the viewer's perception?
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Which written code is NOT part of the media outputs?
Which written code is NOT part of the media outputs?
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What does R.A. 9239 regulate?
What does R.A. 9239 regulate?
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Which of the following describes the representation of women in film and television according to the content?
Which of the following describes the representation of women in film and television according to the content?
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What is one characteristic of mainstream films as described in the content?
What is one characteristic of mainstream films as described in the content?
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What is a primary objective of the Hollywood Standard mentioned in the text?
What is a primary objective of the Hollywood Standard mentioned in the text?
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According to the Anti-Camcording Law Act of 2010, what constitutes unauthorized action?
According to the Anti-Camcording Law Act of 2010, what constitutes unauthorized action?
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Which is NOT a depiction of women commonly seen in the media according to the content?
Which is NOT a depiction of women commonly seen in the media according to the content?
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How long can penalties for illegal reproduction of optical media last according to the content?
How long can penalties for illegal reproduction of optical media last according to the content?
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What typical roles do men in films and television challenge compared to women?
What typical roles do men in films and television challenge compared to women?
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Study Notes
Media and Information Literacy Final Exam Notes
-
Audio Information:
- Audio information evolved from pre-historic storytelling and oral traditions to the use of town criers in medieval times and eventually the printing press and newspapers.
- The evolution also included the development of audio-visual media.
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Audio-Visual Information:
- Technologies such as the telephone and telegraph led to the delivery of human voices through wires.
- Early forms of radio communication were used for ship-to-ship communication.
- The Rise of Radio Networks took place with the advent of Marconi's invention.
- The Golden Age of Radio occurred between 1930 and the mid-1950s.
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Elements of Sound Design:
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Human Voice: Used for narration, dialogue, and voice-overs.
- Narration is descriptive, with a voiceover describing the scene from an observer's point of view.
- Dialogue involves conversations between characters.
- Silence: A crucial element that creates contrast, enhancing the impact through anticipation, tension, and reflection thereby deepening the overall auditory experience.
- Musical Score: Created specifically for the film.
- Sound Effects: Include canned, digital, and live sounds.
- Foley: Creating sounds from improvised materials.
- Leitmotif: A short musical phrase or specific sound effect that signals the appearance of a person, action, or situation
- Ambient Sounds: Includes artificial and real noise from the surrounding environment.
- Natural Sounds: Sounds from the environment.
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Human Voice: Used for narration, dialogue, and voice-overs.
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Audio Classification:
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Diegetic or Live: Sound occurring within the context of a story, often part of the action.
- Example: Sounds that take place within the story, like a character talking.
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Non-Diegetic: Sound that occurs outside the story.
- Example: Background music that plays in a movie setting.
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Diegetic or Live: Sound occurring within the context of a story, often part of the action.
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Principles of Sound Design:
- Pacing: The control, order, and editing of the timeline of events in the media; can be linear, nonlinear, or multi-linear.
- Duration: How long a sound (or silence) lasts.
- Tempo: The speed.
- Timbre: Often called "Tone Color" used to evoke certain effects.
- Tone: The distinctive quality or character of a sound.
- Pitch: Lowness or highness of sound.
- Dynamics: The relative loudness or quietness of the music.
- Rhythm: The best patterns of sound and silences.
- Melody: Linear/horizontal presentation of the pitch.
- Harmony: Verticalization of the pitch.
- Transition: Audio effects to ensure a smooth flow from one segment or element to another, such as fades.
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Audio Conventions:
- Using sound elements in different media.
- Using background music to set a tone.
- Appropriate synchronization of dialogue with on-screen action.
- Strategic placement of sound effects to enhance the narrative.
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Types of Audio Conventions:
- Podcast Structure - Opening spiel, episode duration, and outro/cliffhanger.
- Music Genres - Catchy melodies, relatable lyrics, and repetitive hooks, like pop music.
- Songs - intro.
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Issues on Audio Dimension/Copyright:
- Issues regarding music reproduction, distribution, and performance without permission.
- Issues of use of melodies, lyrics, recordings, and elements.
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Audio Surveillance:
- Eavesdropping or wiretapping.
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Audio Manipulation:
- The rise of technology for audio manipulation, such as deepfakes and voice cloning.
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Current and Future Trends:
- Growth in voice-activated devices and audio content.
- Rise of short form content.
- CGI-heavy films and television shows.
- Al-generated personas.
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Audio-Visual Information:
- Evolution of Audio-Visual Media (Mid-19th Century): Photography.
- Evolution of Audio-Visual Media (1891-1900): Zoetrope, Edison's Kinetoscope, and other types of projections.
- Evolution of Audio-Visual Media (1906): Colour and 1914 to 1950's colour and sound films.
- Evolution of Audio-Visual Media (1927): Introduction of sound and use of phonograph cylinders or discs.
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Types of Films:
- Narrative
- Animation
- Documentary
- Experimental
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Production Process:
- Pre-productions include brainstorming, scriptwriting, and storyboard-making.
- Production also known as principal photography phase.
- Post-productions include editing, reviewing, and rendering.
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Editing:
- Editing involves choosing, manipulating, and arranging images and sounds.
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Different Camera Shots:
- Extreme Long Shot: Shot usually exterior, shows the scene, and establishing character's position.
- Long Shot: Shows subject from head to toe.
- Medium Long Shot: Shows the subject from the knees up.
- Medium Shot: Shows subject from waist up.
- Medium Close Up: Shows the subject from chest or shoulders up.
- Close-Up: Shows subject's head or face.
- Extreme Close Up: Emphasizes a small detail, such as the eye(s) or mouth.
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Different Camera Movements:
- Pan: Side-to-side movement.
- Tilt: Up-and-down movement.
- Tracking/Dolly: Following the subject.
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Symbolic Codes:
- Setting: Time and place.
- Mise en Scene: Elements such as set design, costumes, staging, and props.
- Acting: Character portrayal.
- Color: cultural in nature, with connotations and underlying messages.
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Genre Conventions: Common use of tropes, characters, settings, or themes.
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Media Regulatory Agencies: Role of MTRCB, optical media board.
- MTRCB: Movie and Television Review and Classification Board
- OMB: Optical Media Board
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Parental Guidance (PG/SPG): Parental guidance or a stronger parental guidance label for television or films.
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Color Coding for Movies and Television: Color coding (Green/Blue for age verification to assist audience members).
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Threats to Media: Malinformation, Disinformation, and Misinformation.
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Chekhov's Gun Fallacy: Every element introduced in a story should be necessary to the plot.
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Anti-Camcording Law Act: Laws regarding the unauthorized use of audiovisual recording devices.
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Intellectual Property: Anti-piracy or Videogram Regulatory Board (OMB).
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Description
Test your knowledge on the evolution of media, audio, and sound design elements as covered in your Media and Information Literacy course. This quiz will review key concepts from audio information history to the fundamentals of sound design. Prepare to demonstrate your understanding of both audio-visual technologies and narrative elements.
