Evolution of Audio-Visual Media
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Questions and Answers

During which decade did the majority of feature-length movies start to include synchronized sound?

  • 1930s (correct)
  • 1950s
  • 1920s
  • 1940s

Which company developed the first successful electrical color television system?

  • General Electric
  • Philips
  • Sony
  • RCA Laboratories (correct)

Which shooting technique is primarily concerned with the position and movement of the camera?

  • Camerawork (correct)
  • Audio
  • Editing
  • Lighting

What is the first stage of the production process in filmmaking?

<p>Pre-Production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of editing in audio-visual media?

<p>To choose and arrange images and sound (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following film types falls under the category of origin?

<p>Remake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an Extreme Long Shot?

<p>Sets the scene with little detail about the subject (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

By the late 2000s, what type of television became the norm in most developed nations?

<p>Digital television (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a category based on film format?

<p>Blockbuster (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of lighting involves highlighting specific elements of a scene?

<p>Manipulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of shot is the subject shown from top to bottom but does not fill the frame entirely?

<p>Long Shot (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major feature distinguishes Smart TVs from traditional televisions?

<p>Integrated Internet and interactive features (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of editing is specifically focused on the pacing of images and sounds?

<p>Rhythmic edits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of film is categorized as 'Talkies'?

<p>Films with synchronized sound (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which shot would most likely capture a character's emotions and reactions in detail?

<p>Close-Up (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes a Medium Close-Up from a Medium Shot?

<p>It shows the subject from the shoulders up. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What innovative toy was developed in the mid-19th century that allowed a series of pictures to be viewed rapidly, creating the illusion of motion?

<p>Zoetrope (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which significant advancement in film occurred in 1927 with the release of a notable movie?

<p>First feature-length movie with synchronized dialogue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which device was used by the Lumière brothers in 1895 to present moving pictures to an audience?

<p>Cinématographe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique was first used in 1906 to enhance black-and-white films?

<p>Hand coloring and tinting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

By what year had several national film industries been established, leading to longer films and the dominance of narrative storytelling?

<p>1914 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an extreme close-up emphasize?

<p>A small area or detail of the subject (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the development of the cinema industry during the first 30 years?

<p>Consolidation of production, distribution, and exhibition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which camera angle conveys a sense of power or size?

<p>Low angle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main contribution of the Vitaphone system introduced in 1927?

<p>Integrated synchronized sound into films (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a Dutch tilt in filmmaking?

<p>Psychological unrest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the audio-visual production process established in the early 20th century?

<p>Increased investment in film production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are common settings in the horror genre?

<p>Abandoned or isolated locations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is not a type of camera movement?

<p>Reflect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is least likely to be associated with the romance genre?

<p>Creepy sound effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'mise en scene' refer to?

<p>Arrangement of all elements in a frame (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What current trend is noted in audio and visual content?

<p>Rise of short-form content (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of conflict falls under story/narrative conventions?

<p>Man vs. Supernatural (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the male gaze idea in media representation?

<p>Women are represented as emotional and noncompetitive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do genre conventions pertain to?

<p>Common use of tropes in storytelling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What element reflects cultural connotations and underlying messages in film?

<p>Color (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a concern regarding media representation of minorities?

<p>Minorities are frequently absent or stereotyped. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characterized by unrealistic portrayal in storytelling?

<p>Cardboard characterization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Anti-Piracy or Videogram Regulatory Board aim to address?

<p>Regulation of optical media production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are mainstream films typically differentiated from indie films?

<p>Mainstream films usually have larger budgets and broader distribution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Digital Television

A system for transmitting and receiving television signals using digital technology, capable of transmitting audio, video, and data via terrestrial, satellite, or cable networks.

Smart TV

A type of TV with integrated internet and interactive features, enabling streaming content, app usage, web browsing, and social media integration.

Audio-Visual Codes

The system of codes and conventions that structure and communicate meaning in audio-visual media like movies and TV.

Film Production Process

The series of steps involved in creating a film, broadly categorized into pre-production (planning), production (filming), and post-production (editing).

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Pre-Production

The planning stage of film production, involving brainstorming, scriptwriting, storyboarding, casting, location scouting, and scheduling.

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Production

The filming phase of making a film, also called 'principal photography'.

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Post-Production

The editing and completion stage of film production, including editing, reviewing, and saving the final film format.

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Color Television

Television systems that broadcast and display images with color rather than black and white.

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Kinetoscope

A device that allowed one person at a time to view moving pictures, demonstrated by the Edison Company in 1891.

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Lumière brothers

The inventors who presented projected moving pictures to an audience in 1895, using the Cinématographe.

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Cinématographe

A combined camera, projector, and film printer device utilized by the Lumière brothers in 1895.

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Color in movies

Methods of adding color to black-and-white films, including hand coloring, tinting, toning, and stenciling, started in 1906.

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Birth of Movie Industry

The consolidation of national film industries by 1914 and expansion of the industry with longer movies, studios, and dedicated cinemas.

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Synchronized Sound

The first attempts to add synchronized sound to movies in the 1920s, using phonographic cylinders or discs as in the 1927 movie 'The Jazz Singer.'

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Vitaphone system

The Warner Brothers system used in "The Jazz Singer" (1927) for synchronizing sound with film, utilizing separate record discs for each reel.

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Electronic Television

Successfully demonstrated in 1927, marking an advancement in image transmission technology.

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Camerawork

How the camera is operated, positioned, and moved to create effects in film.

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Editing

Choosing, manipulating, and arranging images and sound in a media product.

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Audio

Expressive or naturalistic use of sound in audio-visual media.

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Lighting

Manipulation of light (natural or artificial) to highlight scene elements.

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Extreme Long Shot

Establishes the scene, usually exterior, with little subject detail.

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Long Shot

Shows the subject from top to bottom; focusing on character within the setting.

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Medium Long Shot

Shows the subject from the knees up, balancing character and setting.

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Close-Up

Fills the screen with a part of the subject (e.g., face), emphasizing emotion/reaction.

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Horror Genre Conventions

Common settings include abandoned or isolated locations. The color palette is predominantly dark. There's often a heavy use of silence and creepy sound effects.

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Romance Genre Conventions

Typically follows a 'boy meets girl' storyline. Often set in urban city locations. Uses pop music soundtracks, voiceovers, and light-colored themes and scenes.

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Short-Form Content

Videos that are typically under 10 minutes long, often found on platforms like TikTok and Instagram.

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CGI-Heavy Films

Movies and TV shows that rely heavily on computer-generated imagery to create special effects and environments.

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Virtual Reality (VR)

Technology that creates immersive experiences using headsets and sensors, allowing users to interact with digital environments.

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AI-Generated Personas

Artificial intelligence used to create characters in TV and film, mimicking human behavior and dialogue.

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Male Gaze in Media

A perspective that often presents women in subservient roles, emphasizing their physical appearance and focusing on a male point of view.

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Stereotypes in Media

Oversimplified and often inaccurate representations of groups of people, leading to prejudices and discrimination.

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Extreme Close Up

A camera shot focusing on a very small detail of the subject, like an eye or mouth. It's often used for emphasis and intimacy. An extreme close-up of the eyes is called an 'Italian shot' due to its popularity in Sergio Leone's Westerns.

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Low Angle Shot

A camera shot looking up at the subject, creating a sense of power, dominance, or size. This shot can make the subject appear larger than life.

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High Angle Shot

A camera shot looking down at the subject, making them appear vulnerable, weak, or insignificant.

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Bird's Eye View

A camera shot taken from directly above the scene, often used to establish a landscape, setting, or provide an overview.

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Mise en Scene

The arrangement of all elements within a frame, including set design, costumes, props, and character positions. It helps to create a visual mood, atmosphere, and meaning.

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Symbolic Codes

Visual elements that represent deeper meanings or concepts. In media, these can be colors, costumes, settings, or even actions, conveying more than their literal meaning.

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Genre Conventions

Common tropes, characters, settings, and themes associated with specific genres, creating expectations for the audience. These conventions solidify genre identification.

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Conflict

The central tension in a story, fueling the plot and driving the characters' actions. Common types of conflict include man vs. man, man vs. nature, man vs. self, and more.

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Study Notes

Evolution of Audio-Visual Media

  • Photography became part of public life in the mid-19th century, especially during the Civil War, when photographers documented American battlefields.
  • Inventors created simple toys that showed pictures in rapid succession, creating the illusion of motion, like the zoetrope.
  • The Edison Company demonstrated a prototype of the Kinetoscope, allowing individuals to view moving pictures.
  • The Lumière brothers presented projected moving pictures to a paying audience in 1895 in Paris, France using the Cinématographe (camera, projector, and film printer).
  • Color was introduced to black-and-white films through hand coloring, tinting, toning, and stenciling.
  • By 1914, national film industries were established and films became longer narrative stories.
  • More investment in production, distribution, and exhibition led to the development of studios and dedicated cinemas.
  • The first 30 years of cinema saw growth, narrative development, and technological advancements.
  • Synchronized sound was first attempted using phonographic cylinders or discs.
  • The Jazz Singer (1927) used the Warner Brothers' Vitaphone system, synchronizing dialogue with images.
  • Electronic television was first successfully demonstrated in San Francisco in 1927.

Audio and Visual Codes

  • Technical Codes: Filming techniques like shot types, angles, movement, and editing are crucial to meaning.
  • Camerawork: Refers to how the camera is operated (position, movement, framing, exposure, and lens choice) in a scene.
  • Editing: The process of choosing, manipulating, and arranging images and sounds in a media product, often for graphic, rhythmic, special, or temporal reasons.
  • Audio: The use of sound in audio-visual media, whether expressive or naturalistic.
  • Lighting: Manipulating natural or artificial light to visually highlight scene elements. (Lighting includes quality, direction, source, and color).

Different Camera Shots

  • Extreme Long Shot: Shows the scene and establishes the setting.
  • Long Shot: Shows the person from head to toe, but less detail than extreme long shot
  • Medium Long Shot: Shows the person's body from the knees up.
  • Medium Shot: Shows the person from the waist up.
  • Medium Close-Up: Shows the person from the chest or shoulders up.
  • Close-Up: Shows part of the subject like a face or eyes
  • Extreme Close-Up: Emphasizes a small detail like a person's eye.

Different Camera Angles

  • Low Angle: Shows power and size.
  • High Angle: Suggests powerlessness.
  • Worm's / Bird's Eye: Character perspective / landscape view.
  • Dutch Tilt: Gives a comic effect, possibly used for psychological purpose.

Different Camera Movements

  • Pan: Side to side movement
  • Tilt: Up and down movement
  • Tracking: Following a subject
  • Dolly: Moving towards or away from a subject

Symbolic Codes

  • Setting: Time and place of a narrative.
  • Mise en scène: Arrangement of elements in a frame (set design, costume, props, staging).
  • Acting: Character portrayal through gestures, facial expressions, and vocal qualities.
  • Color: Cultural connotations and underlying messages.

Audio and Visual Conventions

  • Form Conventions: Traditional film arrangements (titles, credits). Video games often start with tutorials.
  • Narrative Conventions: Common storytelling structures (exposition, conflict, climax, resolution).
  • Genre Conventions: Common traits of specific genres (Horror: dark settings, sound effects).
  • Rise of short-form content.
  • CGI-heavy films and TV.
  • Use of virtual reality.
  • Artificial intelligence personas in media.

Legal & Ethical Issues

  • Male Gaze: Women often subordinate to men in media representations.
  • Stereotypes: Categorical and one-dimensional representations of groups, like minorities.
  • Piracy: Illegal copying and distribution of films.
  • Hollywood Standard: Conventions and norms in film and television productions.
  • Mainstream vs. Indie Film: Differences in production and cultural viewpoints.
  • Cardboard Characterization: Artificial or uninspired characters.
  • Cookie Cutter Storytelling: Lack of original story content.

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Week 11: Audio Visual Information PDF

Description

Explore the transformative timeline of audio-visual media from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century. This quiz covers key inventions, the introduction of color in films, and the establishment of national film industries. Delve into the significant milestones that shaped modern cinema.

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