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Questions and Answers
During which decade did the majority of feature-length movies start to include synchronized sound?
During which decade did the majority of feature-length movies start to include synchronized sound?
Which company developed the first successful electrical color television system?
Which company developed the first successful electrical color television system?
Which shooting technique is primarily concerned with the position and movement of the camera?
Which shooting technique is primarily concerned with the position and movement of the camera?
What is the first stage of the production process in filmmaking?
What is the first stage of the production process in filmmaking?
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What is the primary purpose of editing in audio-visual media?
What is the primary purpose of editing in audio-visual media?
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Which of the following film types falls under the category of origin?
Which of the following film types falls under the category of origin?
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Which of the following best describes an Extreme Long Shot?
Which of the following best describes an Extreme Long Shot?
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By the late 2000s, what type of television became the norm in most developed nations?
By the late 2000s, what type of television became the norm in most developed nations?
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Which of the following is NOT a category based on film format?
Which of the following is NOT a category based on film format?
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What aspect of lighting involves highlighting specific elements of a scene?
What aspect of lighting involves highlighting specific elements of a scene?
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In which type of shot is the subject shown from top to bottom but does not fill the frame entirely?
In which type of shot is the subject shown from top to bottom but does not fill the frame entirely?
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What major feature distinguishes Smart TVs from traditional televisions?
What major feature distinguishes Smart TVs from traditional televisions?
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What type of editing is specifically focused on the pacing of images and sounds?
What type of editing is specifically focused on the pacing of images and sounds?
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What type of film is categorized as 'Talkies'?
What type of film is categorized as 'Talkies'?
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Which shot would most likely capture a character's emotions and reactions in detail?
Which shot would most likely capture a character's emotions and reactions in detail?
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What characteristic distinguishes a Medium Close-Up from a Medium Shot?
What characteristic distinguishes a Medium Close-Up from a Medium Shot?
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What innovative toy was developed in the mid-19th century that allowed a series of pictures to be viewed rapidly, creating the illusion of motion?
What innovative toy was developed in the mid-19th century that allowed a series of pictures to be viewed rapidly, creating the illusion of motion?
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Which significant advancement in film occurred in 1927 with the release of a notable movie?
Which significant advancement in film occurred in 1927 with the release of a notable movie?
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Which device was used by the Lumière brothers in 1895 to present moving pictures to an audience?
Which device was used by the Lumière brothers in 1895 to present moving pictures to an audience?
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What technique was first used in 1906 to enhance black-and-white films?
What technique was first used in 1906 to enhance black-and-white films?
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By what year had several national film industries been established, leading to longer films and the dominance of narrative storytelling?
By what year had several national film industries been established, leading to longer films and the dominance of narrative storytelling?
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What does an extreme close-up emphasize?
What does an extreme close-up emphasize?
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Which of the following best describes the development of the cinema industry during the first 30 years?
Which of the following best describes the development of the cinema industry during the first 30 years?
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Which camera angle conveys a sense of power or size?
Which camera angle conveys a sense of power or size?
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What was the main contribution of the Vitaphone system introduced in 1927?
What was the main contribution of the Vitaphone system introduced in 1927?
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What is the effect of a Dutch tilt in filmmaking?
What is the effect of a Dutch tilt in filmmaking?
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What is a key characteristic of the audio-visual production process established in the early 20th century?
What is a key characteristic of the audio-visual production process established in the early 20th century?
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What are common settings in the horror genre?
What are common settings in the horror genre?
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Which of these is not a type of camera movement?
Which of these is not a type of camera movement?
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Which element is least likely to be associated with the romance genre?
Which element is least likely to be associated with the romance genre?
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What does the term 'mise en scene' refer to?
What does the term 'mise en scene' refer to?
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What current trend is noted in audio and visual content?
What current trend is noted in audio and visual content?
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Which of the following types of conflict falls under story/narrative conventions?
Which of the following types of conflict falls under story/narrative conventions?
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Which statement accurately reflects the male gaze idea in media representation?
Which statement accurately reflects the male gaze idea in media representation?
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What do genre conventions pertain to?
What do genre conventions pertain to?
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What element reflects cultural connotations and underlying messages in film?
What element reflects cultural connotations and underlying messages in film?
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Which of the following is a concern regarding media representation of minorities?
Which of the following is a concern regarding media representation of minorities?
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What is characterized by unrealistic portrayal in storytelling?
What is characterized by unrealistic portrayal in storytelling?
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What does the Anti-Piracy or Videogram Regulatory Board aim to address?
What does the Anti-Piracy or Videogram Regulatory Board aim to address?
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How are mainstream films typically differentiated from indie films?
How are mainstream films typically differentiated from indie films?
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Study Notes
Evolution of Audio-Visual Media
- Photography became part of public life in the mid-19th century, especially during the Civil War, when photographers documented American battlefields.
- Inventors created simple toys that showed pictures in rapid succession, creating the illusion of motion, like the zoetrope.
- The Edison Company demonstrated a prototype of the Kinetoscope, allowing individuals to view moving pictures.
- The Lumière brothers presented projected moving pictures to a paying audience in 1895 in Paris, France using the Cinématographe (camera, projector, and film printer).
- Color was introduced to black-and-white films through hand coloring, tinting, toning, and stenciling.
- By 1914, national film industries were established and films became longer narrative stories.
- More investment in production, distribution, and exhibition led to the development of studios and dedicated cinemas.
- The first 30 years of cinema saw growth, narrative development, and technological advancements.
- Synchronized sound was first attempted using phonographic cylinders or discs.
- The Jazz Singer (1927) used the Warner Brothers' Vitaphone system, synchronizing dialogue with images.
- Electronic television was first successfully demonstrated in San Francisco in 1927.
Audio and Visual Codes
- Technical Codes: Filming techniques like shot types, angles, movement, and editing are crucial to meaning.
- Camerawork: Refers to how the camera is operated (position, movement, framing, exposure, and lens choice) in a scene.
- Editing: The process of choosing, manipulating, and arranging images and sounds in a media product, often for graphic, rhythmic, special, or temporal reasons.
- Audio: The use of sound in audio-visual media, whether expressive or naturalistic.
- Lighting: Manipulating natural or artificial light to visually highlight scene elements. (Lighting includes quality, direction, source, and color).
Different Camera Shots
- Extreme Long Shot: Shows the scene and establishes the setting.
- Long Shot: Shows the person from head to toe, but less detail than extreme long shot
- Medium Long Shot: Shows the person's body from the knees up.
- Medium Shot: Shows the person from the waist up.
- Medium Close-Up: Shows the person from the chest or shoulders up.
- Close-Up: Shows part of the subject like a face or eyes
- Extreme Close-Up: Emphasizes a small detail like a person's eye.
Different Camera Angles
- Low Angle: Shows power and size.
- High Angle: Suggests powerlessness.
- Worm's / Bird's Eye: Character perspective / landscape view.
- Dutch Tilt: Gives a comic effect, possibly used for psychological purpose.
Different Camera Movements
- Pan: Side to side movement
- Tilt: Up and down movement
- Tracking: Following a subject
- Dolly: Moving towards or away from a subject
Symbolic Codes
- Setting: Time and place of a narrative.
- Mise en scène: Arrangement of elements in a frame (set design, costume, props, staging).
- Acting: Character portrayal through gestures, facial expressions, and vocal qualities.
- Color: Cultural connotations and underlying messages.
Audio and Visual Conventions
- Form Conventions: Traditional film arrangements (titles, credits). Video games often start with tutorials.
- Narrative Conventions: Common storytelling structures (exposition, conflict, climax, resolution).
- Genre Conventions: Common traits of specific genres (Horror: dark settings, sound effects).
Current and Future Trends
- Rise of short-form content.
- CGI-heavy films and TV.
- Use of virtual reality.
- Artificial intelligence personas in media.
Legal & Ethical Issues
- Male Gaze: Women often subordinate to men in media representations.
- Stereotypes: Categorical and one-dimensional representations of groups, like minorities.
- Piracy: Illegal copying and distribution of films.
- Hollywood Standard: Conventions and norms in film and television productions.
- Mainstream vs. Indie Film: Differences in production and cultural viewpoints.
- Cardboard Characterization: Artificial or uninspired characters.
- Cookie Cutter Storytelling: Lack of original story content.
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Description
Explore the transformative timeline of audio-visual media from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century. This quiz covers key inventions, the introduction of color in films, and the establishment of national film industries. Delve into the significant milestones that shaped modern cinema.
