61 Questions
Which part of the gastrointestinal tract includes the stomach, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder?
Foregut
What becomes the median umbilical ligaments in adults?
2 umbilical arteries
Which condition may result from the persistence of the vitelline duct?
Meckel's diverticulum
What is the treatment for a toddler presenting with unilateral earache, rhinorrhea, or wheezing due to a foreign body?
Appropriate endoscopy and removal
What is the recommended tube size for endotracheal intubation in children aged under 10 years?
Width of patient's pinky nail bed
What type of solution is usually preferred as trauma bolus for younger children to prevent hyponatremia?
Normal saline
Which type of cyst is most likely to connect with the external auditory canal?
First branchial cleft cyst
Where is the most common location for a second branchial cleft cyst?
Anterior border of mid-SCM muscle
Which condition is characterized by a soft, mass-like lesion usually found in the base of the lateral neck?
Cystic hygroma
From what does a thyroglossal duct cyst arise?
Abnormal descent of the thyroid gland from the foramen cecum
Which tumor is known to appear at birth or shortly after and typically grows rapidly during the first 6–12 months of life?
Hemangioma
What is the most common area for a hemangioma to appear?
Head and neck
Which tumor usually presents as an asymptomatic mass and may be associated with secretory diarrhea, raccoon eyes, and hypertension?
Neuroblastoma
What is the #1 solid abdominal malignancy in children?
Neuroblastoma
What is the mean age at diagnosis for Wilms tumor?
3 years
What syndrome is associated with Wilms tumor, Aniridia, Genitourinary malformations, and mental Retardation?
WAGR syndrome
What condition is characterized by being found on the antimesenteric border of small bowel and represents a persistent vitelline duct?
Meckel's diverticulum
What are the rule of 2s for Meckel's diverticulum?
2 feet from ileocecal valve, 2% population, male predominance, symptomatic in 50%
Which procedure is most likely to be indicated for an incarcerated inguinal hernia?
High ligation of the hernia sac
What is the most common cause of neonatal jaundice requiring surgery?
Biliary atresia
What surgical procedure is indicated for sacrococcygeal teratomas in neonates?
Excision
What is the most common cause of airway obstruction in infants?
Laryngomalacia
What is the main surgical indication for tracheomalacia?
Dying spell
What is the surgical correction indicated for choanal atresia?
Surgical correction
What is the most common tumor of the pediatric larynx?
Laryngeal papillomatosis
1
Vas deferens blood supply will collateralize to testicles
Which condition presents with a risk factor of TE fistula?
Tracheomalacia
What is the diagnostic study to confirm Hirschsprung's disease?
Contrast enema
What surgical procedure is indicated for cystic fibrosis in infants?
Resect cyst
Which imaging study is most appropriate if a Meckel's diverticulum is suspected and the location is difficult to locate?
Meckel's scan (pertechnetate)
What procedure is indicated for the treatment of pyloric stenosis with symptoms, suspicion of gastric mucosa, narrow neck, or complication such as perforation?
Pyloromyotomy
What is the typical age range for presentation of pyloric stenosis?
3 months-3 years
What is the recommended management for severe dehydration in infants with pyloric stenosis?
Fluid resuscitation with normal saline boluses until making urine, then switch to D5 normal saline with potassium maintenance
What is the primary diagnostic modality for intussusception?
Ultrasound of the abdomen
What is the initial management approach for severe dehydration in infants with intussusception?
Normal saline boluses until making urine, then switch to D5 normal saline with potassium maintenance
What is the most common lead point for intussusception in children?
Enlarged Peyer's patches
What is the recommended treatment for reduction of intussusception with air-contrast enema?
80
What is the typical recurrence rate after reduction of intussusception?
15%
What is the most common cause of duodenal obstruction in newborns under 1 week?
Duodenal atresia
What is the recommended initial diagnostic study for malrotation in a child presenting with sudden onset of bilious vomiting?
Upper gastrointestinal series
What percentage of children with malrotation present within the first month after birth?
90%
What is the most common sign of Hirschsprung's disease in infants?
Failure to pass meconium in the first 24 hours
What is the initial treatment for gastroschisis?
Initially place saline-soaked gauzes and resuscitate the patient
What procedure may be needed for a giant omphalocele?
Silastic chimney or silo for temporary coverage
Which condition is associated with the absence of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus?
Hirschsprung’s disease
What is the classic presentation of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature neonates?
Pneumatosis intestinalis on abdominal x-ray
What may be observed on abdominal x-ray in meconium ileus?
Dilated loops of small bowel without air-fluid levels
What is the primary treatment for imperforate anus that is high (above levators)?
Colostomy, later anal reconstruction with posterior sagittal anoplasty
What surgical intervention is indicated for congenital vascular malformation causing hemorrhage or ischemia?
"Embolization and/or resection"
"Failure of embryonal development" is characteristic of which condition?
"Omphalocele"
What is the most likely finding on abdominal x-ray in gastroschisis?
No abnormal findings on abdominal x-ray
What is a common risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis?
Prematurity
Which anatomical anomaly presents with stiff bowel from exposure to amniotic fluid?
Gastroschisis
In children, what is the marker of adequate resuscitation?
Urine output of 1 cc/kg/hr for age > 1
What is the preferred intravenous fluid for maintenance in children?
D5 normal saline
What is the most common type of mediastinal mass in children?
Neurogenic tumors
Which congenital lung condition presents with anomalous systemic arterial supply and may have respiratory compromise or abnormal CXR?
Pulmonary sequestration
What is the surgical treatment for choledochal cyst type III?
Transduodenal excision
What is the most common type of congenital diaphragmatic defect located on the left side and posteriorly?
Bochdalek's hernia
What is the survival rate for diaphragmatic hernias and chest wall defects overall?
~50%
What is the most likely symptom associated with cystic hygroma (lymphangioma) in children?
Respiratory distress
Test your knowledge of Meckel's diverticulum and pyloric stenosis with this quiz. Questions cover diagnostic imaging, treatment options, symptoms, and clinical findings associated with these gastrointestinal conditions.
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