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Questions and Answers
Morphine and related compounds act on Opioid Receptors that are only present in the central nervous system.
False
Endogenous natural opioid peptides like endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphins bind to Opioid Receptors.
True
Stimulation of Opioid Receptors in the brain and spinal cord regions inhibits the release of substance-P, which is responsible for pain sensation.
True
Morphine stimulates only the $rac{3}{4}$ (Mu) Opioid Receptors, which mediate supraspinal analgesia and respiratory depression.
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Opioid Receptors located in the spinal cord have a greater impact on respiratory depression compared to those located in the brain.
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Morphine can cause hypothermia due to its effect on the heat regulatory center in the brain.
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Study Notes
Mechanism of Action of Opioids
- Morphine and related compounds act on opioid receptors, stimulating them to produce their effects.
- Opioid receptors are present in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and peripheral tissues, including the gut and adrenal medulla, as well as smooth muscle.
- Endogenous natural opioid peptides, such as endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphins, bind to opioid receptors to produce their effects.
Inhibition of Pain Sensation and Modulation of Neurotransmitters
- Stimulation of opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord regions inhibits the release of substance-P, which reduces pain sensation.
- Opioid receptors also modulate the release of several neurotransmitters.
Effects of Morphine on Opioid Receptors
- Morphine stimulates both μ (mu) and k (kappa) opioid receptors.
- Stimulation of μ receptors by morphine results in:
- Inhibition of the respiratory center, leading to hypoventilation.
- Inhibition of the heat regulatory center, leading to toxicity and hypothermia.
Types of Opioid Receptors
- μ (Mu) Receptors:
- Mediate supraspinal analgesia.
- Cause respiratory depression.
- Produce miosis.
- Induce euphoria.
- Reduce gastrointestinal motility.
- Have a greater effect on the brain than the spinal cord.
- K (Kappa) Receptors:
- Mediate spinal analgesia.
- Produce miosis.
- Cause less sedation.
- Result in less respiratory depression.
- Have a greater effect on the spinal cord than the brain.
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Description
Explore the mechanism of action of morphine and related compounds, focusing on their stimulation of opioid receptors in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Learn about how endogenous natural opioid peptides like endorphins and enkephalins bind to opioid receptors and modulate the release of neurotransmitters.
