40 Questions
What is the purpose of using logarithms in calculating sound levels?
To deal with an extremely large range of sound levels
What is the sound level of a whisper?
20 dB
What is the intensity of a sound with a sound level of 70 dB?
1 × 10^−5
What is the equation used to calculate the new sound level when the intensity is changed by some factor?
Equation 7.8
What is the sound level at the threshold of pain?
130 dB
What is the base of the logarithms primarily used in the MCAT?
Base-10
What is the logarithm of 1000?
3
What is the sound level of a quiet room at night?
30 dB
What is the reason for an even number of quarter-wavelengths not being possible in a closed pipe?
It would necessarily have either two nodes or two antinodes at the ends.
What is the wavelength of the first harmonic in a closed pipe?
Four times the length of the closed pipe
What is the wavelength of the third harmonic in a closed pipe?
Four-thirds the length of the closed pipe
What is the equation that relates the wavelength λ of a standing wave and the length L of a closed pipe?
λ = (2n + 1)L/2
Why can't you determine the harmonic of the wave in a closed pipe by counting the number of nodes or antinodes?
Because the number of nodes or antinodes does not determine the harmonic in a closed pipe.
What is the main application of ultrasound in medicine?
All of the above
What type of sound waves are used in ultrasound?
High-frequency sound waves
What is the function of a transmitter in an ultrasound machine?
It generates a pressure gradient and also functions as a receiver that processes the reflected sound.
What is the nature of the image formed by an object placed in front of a convex lens at a distance smaller than the focal length?
Virtual and upright
At what angle will a laser not penetrate the surface of the water but rather reflect entirely back into the water when inspecting the surface of the water from a submarine?
29°
What happens to the central maximum when the slit becomes narrower in a light ray passing through a small opening and a lens?
The central maximum becomes narrower
Which of the following can produce a virtual image?
Convex lens, concave lens, and plane mirror
What is the relationship between the speed of monochromatic red light in medium 2 compared to medium 1 if the incident angle in medium 1 is 30° and the incident angle in medium 2 is 45°?
The speed in medium 2 is slower
What is the overall magnification of a microscope with two thin lenses having magnifications of 10 and 40?
400
If a beam of monochromatic light originates in air and shines upon the flat surface of a piece of glass at an angle of 60° with the normal, what is the index of refraction of the glass?
2
What is the nature of light after passing through a single polarizer?
It becomes linearly polarized
What percentage of questions in the CARS section test Reasoning Beyond the Text?
40%
Which skill asks you to apply science content to a novel situation?
Skill 2
What is the primary focus of Skill 3 questions?
Experimental and research design
What percentage of CARS questions test Foundations of Comprehension?
30%
What is the main difference between Skill 3 and Skill 4 questions?
One focuses on experimental design, while the other focuses on data analysis
How many passages are typically used to test the CARS section?
9
What is the main focus of the SIRS section?
Science knowledge and critical thinking
What is the purpose of discussing the SIRS tested on the MCAT?
To identify the four skills quickly and apply proper strategies
What is the primary purpose of the Science Mastery Assessment in this MCAT prep book?
To help students allocate time for studying based on their strengths and weaknesses
What should a student do if they answer 0-7 questions correctly on the Science Mastery Assessment?
Spend 1 hour reading the chapter in full and taking limited notes
How can a student use the quiz questions to improve their understanding of the chapter?
By reviewing all quiz questions and ensuring they understand how to solve each one
What is the recommended time for reviewing the quiz questions if a student answers 8-11 questions correctly?
20-40 minutes
What is the purpose of the high-yield badges throughout the book?
To help students identify the most important topics
What should a student do if they answer 12-15 questions correctly on the Science Mastery Assessment?
Spend less than 20 minutes reviewing all questions from the quiz
What is the frequency of a light ray located in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum?
5.0 × 10^14 Hz
In which region of the electromagnetic spectrum is a light ray with a frequency of 5.0 × 10^14 Hz located?
Visible
Study Notes
SIRS Summary
- Discussing SIRS tested on the MCAT, remembering that each skill tends to make the conversation abstract
- The four SIRS skills:
- Skill 1 (Science Knowledge): asking about remembering science content
- Skill 2 (Critical Thinking): asking about applying science content to novel situations
- Skill 3 (Experimental and Research Design): asking about experimental or research methods
- Skill 4 (Data and Statistical Analysis): asking about reading graphs and tables and making conclusions
Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills (CARS)
- The CARS section tests three discrete families of textual reasoning skills:
- Foundations of Comprehension (30% of questions)
- Reasoning Within the Text (30% of questions)
- Reasoning Beyond the Text (40% of questions)
- These skills are tested through 9 humanities- and social sciences-themed passages, with approximately 5-7 questions per passage
Logarithms and Sound Levels
- Calculating new sound level using the equation:
- Using logarithms with scales that have an extremely large range
- Examples of sound levels and relative intensities of several sound sources and thresholds are shown in Table 7.1
Physics and Math Review
- Equation 7.8: relating the wavelength of a standing wave and the length of a closed pipe
- Equation 7.12: relating the wavelength of a standing wave and the length of a closed pipe
- Equation 7.13: relating the frequency of a standing wave in a closed pipe
- Wavelength of the first harmonic is four times the length of the closed pipe
- Wavelength of the third harmonic is four-thirds the length of the closed pipe
- Wavelength of the fifth harmonic is four-fifths the length of the closed pipe
Ultrasound
- Uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize organs, anatomy, and pathology
- Can be used for prenatal screening, diagnosing gallstones and breast or thyroid masses, or for needle guidance in a biopsy
- Ultrasound machine consists of a transmitter that generates a pressure gradient, which also functions as a receiver that processes the reflected sound
Practice questions and strategies for the SIRS skills tested on the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT).
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