Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does a phase diagram show?
What does a phase diagram show?
- Conditions for solid, liquid, or vapor states (correct)
- The effects of temperature on pressure
- Molecular structure of substances
- Chemical reactions at different temperatures
What is social facilitation?
What is social facilitation?
Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.
What is the bystander effect?
What is the bystander effect?
The tendency for a bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.
Which of the following are factors associated with the bystander effect? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are factors associated with the bystander effect? (Select all that apply)
What is deindividuation?
What is deindividuation?
Define social loafing.
Define social loafing.
What is group polarization?
What is group polarization?
Define normative social influence.
Define normative social influence.
What is informational social influence?
What is informational social influence?
Define groupthink.
Define groupthink.
What are some characteristics of groupthink? (Select all that apply)
What are some characteristics of groupthink? (Select all that apply)
Who is Irving Janis in relation to groupthink?
Who is Irving Janis in relation to groupthink?
What is conformity?
What is conformity?
What is compliance?
What is compliance?
What is conversion in social psychology?
What is conversion in social psychology?
Describe the Asch Experiment.
Describe the Asch Experiment.
What is the foot-in-the-door technique?
What is the foot-in-the-door technique?
What is the door-in-the-face technique?
What is the door-in-the-face technique?
What is the low-ball technique in persuasion?
What is the low-ball technique in persuasion?
Define obedience in social psychology.
Define obedience in social psychology.
Summarize the Milgram Experiment.
Summarize the Milgram Experiment.
What was the Stanford Prison Experiment?
What was the Stanford Prison Experiment?
Define social norms.
Define social norms.
What is social control?
What is social control?
What is deviance?
What is deviance?
Differentiate between formal and informal norms.
Differentiate between formal and informal norms.
What are folkways?
What are folkways?
Define mores.
Define mores.
What are taboos?
What are taboos?
What does Anomie refer to?
What does Anomie refer to?
What are sanctions?
What are sanctions?
What happens when a solute is added to water with respect to boiling point and melting point?
What happens when a solute is added to water with respect to boiling point and melting point?
Describe the differential association theory.
Describe the differential association theory.
What is the labeling approach?
What is the labeling approach?
What is primary deviance?
What is primary deviance?
Define secondary deviance.
Define secondary deviance.
What does strain theory focus on?
What does strain theory focus on?
What is socialization?
What is socialization?
Who are the agents of socialization?
Who are the agents of socialization?
Define fads.
Define fads.
What is mass hysteria?
What is mass hysteria?
What are riots?
What are riots?
What is peer pressure?
What is peer pressure?
What does anaerobic mean?
What does anaerobic mean?
What are halophiles?
What are halophiles?
What do the numbers on the bottom of an element's box in the MCAT periodic table represent?
What do the numbers on the bottom of an element's box in the MCAT periodic table represent?
How many grams are in a kilogram?
How many grams are in a kilogram?
What is molarity?
What is molarity?
What is a mole?
What is a mole?
What does a 1 M solution of glucose contain?
What does a 1 M solution of glucose contain?
Define millimolar (mM).
Define millimolar (mM).
What does micromolar (µM) mean?
What does micromolar (µM) mean?
What does nanomolar (nM) signify?
What does nanomolar (nM) signify?
What happens if a person drinks a large amount of hypersaline ocean water?
What happens if a person drinks a large amount of hypersaline ocean water?
Does NaCl readily diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer?
Does NaCl readily diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer?
What is simple diffusion?
What is simple diffusion?
What types of molecules can simply diffuse across the cell membrane?
What types of molecules can simply diffuse across the cell membrane?
What are Aquaporins?
What are Aquaporins?
Which organ contains a lot of aquaporins?
Which organ contains a lot of aquaporins?
What does hypertonic mean?
What does hypertonic mean?
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
Describe the behavior of a cell in a hypotonic solution.
Describe the behavior of a cell in a hypotonic solution.
What are colligative properties?
What are colligative properties?
What are the four colligative properties of solutions?
What are the four colligative properties of solutions?
What is vapor pressure?
What is vapor pressure?
What does a higher vapor pressure indicate?
What does a higher vapor pressure indicate?
Define boiling point.
Define boiling point.
Why is water's solid phase less dense than its liquid phase?
Why is water's solid phase less dense than its liquid phase?
What is the chemical formula for gypsum?
What is the chemical formula for gypsum?
Define ionic compound.
Define ionic compound.
What happens during beta decay?
What happens during beta decay?
Describe gamma decay.
Describe gamma decay.
What does chiral signify in chemistry?
What does chiral signify in chemistry?
What is the formula for calculating the number of stereoisomers?
What is the formula for calculating the number of stereoisomers?
What are boiling chips used for?
What are boiling chips used for?
What is the purpose of chemical extractions?
What is the purpose of chemical extractions?
Define distillation.
Define distillation.
What is recrystallization?
What is recrystallization?
Define chromatography.
Define chromatography.
What is centrifugation?
What is centrifugation?
At the end of a distillation, which compound remains in the flask?
At the end of a distillation, which compound remains in the flask?
What is the boiling point of aldehydes?
What is the boiling point of aldehydes?
What is the boiling point of carboxylic acids?
What is the boiling point of carboxylic acids?
Describe the boiling and melting points of alkanes and alkenes.
Describe the boiling and melting points of alkanes and alkenes.
Due to hydrogen bonding, alcohols and carboxylic acids have _____ melting/boiling points than aldehydes and ketones and can function as organic weak _____.
Due to hydrogen bonding, alcohols and carboxylic acids have _____ melting/boiling points than aldehydes and ketones and can function as organic weak _____.
What is the potential energy (PE) formula for a mass of 10 kg dropped from a height of 20 m?
What is the potential energy (PE) formula for a mass of 10 kg dropped from a height of 20 m?
Calculate the potential energy for a 10 kg mass dropped from a height of 20 m.
Calculate the potential energy for a 10 kg mass dropped from a height of 20 m.
What is the kinetic energy formula?
What is the kinetic energy formula?
Calculate the maximum speed achieved by a mass of 10 kg dropped from a height of 20 m ignoring air resistance.
Calculate the maximum speed achieved by a mass of 10 kg dropped from a height of 20 m ignoring air resistance.
What is a stereocenter?
What is a stereocenter?
What dictates the preferred ion configuration of many elements?
What dictates the preferred ion configuration of many elements?
What is the equation for torque?
What is the equation for torque?
What is the value of sin 90°?
What is the value of sin 90°?
For a force of 98 N and a torque of 13 Nm, what is the distance from which the force was applied?
For a force of 98 N and a torque of 13 Nm, what is the distance from which the force was applied?
What unit is torque measured in?
What unit is torque measured in?
How many mm are in 1 meter?
How many mm are in 1 meter?
What causes torque?
What causes torque?
What are three ways to increase the torque applied to an object?
What are three ways to increase the torque applied to an object?
Define velocity.
Define velocity.
Calculate the force experienced by a 90-kg man undergoing a turning acceleration of 5 m/s².
Calculate the force experienced by a 90-kg man undergoing a turning acceleration of 5 m/s².
Flashcards
Phase Diagram
Phase Diagram
A diagram showing the conditions under which a substance exists as solid, liquid, or gas.
Solid-Liquid Phase Line (slope)
Solid-Liquid Phase Line (slope)
Line separating solid and liquid phases; usually has a positive slope for most substances, meaning higher pressure favors the solid state.
Water's Phase Line
Water's Phase Line
The line between solid and liquid for water has a negative slope, making solid water (ice) less dense than liquid water.
Social Facilitation
Social Facilitation
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Bystander Effect
Bystander Effect
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Deindividuation
Deindividuation
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Social Loafing
Social Loafing
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Group Polarization
Group Polarization
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Conformity
Conformity
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Compliance
Compliance
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Foot-in-the-Door
Foot-in-the-Door
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Door-in-the-Face
Door-in-the-Face
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Low-Ball
Low-Ball
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Obedience
Obedience
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Social Norms
Social Norms
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Deviance
Deviance
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Differential Association
Differential Association
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Labeling Theory
Labeling Theory
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Strain Theory
Strain Theory
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Socialization
Socialization
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Molar Mass
Molar Mass
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Mole
Mole
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Colligative Properties
Colligative Properties
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Titration Equivalence Point
Titration Equivalence Point
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Study Notes
Phase Diagram
- Represents the conditions under which a substance exists as solid, liquid, or vapor.
- Line separating solid and liquid phases typically has a positive slope for most substances, indicating that increasing pressure can convert liquid to solid.
- Unique feature of water: the line between solid and liquid phases slopes negatively, as solid water (ice) is less dense than liquid water.
Social Influence Concepts
- Social facilitation leads to stronger performance on simple tasks when in the presence of others.
- Bystander effect describes the decreased likelihood of an individual offering help when others are present.
- Factors leading to the bystander effect include reduced awareness of danger, taking cues from others, and a perceived decrease in personal responsibility.
Group Dynamics
- Deindividuation involves individuals losing their identity within a group.
- Social loafing is when individuals exert less effort toward a common goal in a group than they would alone.
- Group polarization denotes the tendency for group discussions to enhance prevailing attitudes, potentially leading to extreme positions.
Conformity and Compliance
- Conformity occurs when an individual's beliefs or behaviors align with others'.
- Compliance refers to conforming publicly while privately dissenting.
- The Asch Experiment illustrated conformity, showing individuals often choose group consensus over their judgment.
Tactics of Compliance
- Foot-in-the-door technique involves securing a small commitment followed by a larger request.
- Door-in-the-face technique starts with a large request that is likely to be refused, followed by a smaller, more reasonable request.
- The low-ball technique quotes a low price before adding additional costs once agreement is reached.
Obedience and Authority
- Obedience is changing behavior in response to an authority figure's command.
- The Milgram Experiment highlighted people's willingness to obey authority, even to the extent of causing pain to others.
Social Norms and Control
- Social norms are the rules that govern behavior in society.
- Deviance occurs when individuals do not follow these norms.
- Formal norms are explicitly written with clear penalties; informal norms are understood but not formally enforced.
Deviance Theories
- Differential association theory suggests deviance is learned from exposure to deviant acts.
- Labeling theory focuses on how being labeled as deviant influences behavior.
- Strain theory posits that social and economic pressures can lead to deviant behaviors.
Socialization
- Socialization is the process through which individuals learn norms via interactions with family, education, media, peers, and workplaces.
- Fads represent temporary behaviors that rapidly gain and lose popularity.
Biological Processes
- Colligative properties depend on solute concentrations rather than solute identity, impacting vapor pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure.
- Sodium chloride (NaCl) does not diffuse through phospholipid bilayers; water, however, can move through aquaporins.
Chemical Concepts
- Molar mass of elements is noted at the bottom of the periodic table in grams/mol.
- A mole is defined as 6.02 × 10²³ items depending on a context, like molecules.
Physical Science Principles
- Torque is calculated using τ = F∙d∙sin(θ), where F is the force, d is the lever arm's length, and θ is the angle.
- Force during a turning acceleration must consider both vertical weight and horizontal acceleration effects, creating a right triangle for resultant force calculations.
Distillation and Separation Techniques
- Melting and boiling points of compounds vary based on their hydrogen bonding capabilities.
- Distillation separates substances based on boiling points, while recrystallization purifies by dissolving impurities in solvent.
- Chromatography separates mixture components based on affinity to the medium.
Solutions and Concentrations
- Molarity is expressed as mol/L, while solutions can be measured in various molar concentrations (millimolar, micromolar, nanomolar).
- Hypertonic solutions cause cells to lose water; hypotonic solutions lead to cell bursting due to water influx.
Energy and Motion in Physics
- Potential energy (PE) equals gravitational potential energy (mgh), while kinetic energy (KE) is expressed as ½ mv².
- A dropping object’s max speed can be found by equating potential and kinetic energy laws.
Titration
- The equivalence point in titration is represented by a vertical line on a graph, indicating a balanced reactant ratio.
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Description
Test your understanding of phase diagrams with this MCAT 2023 flashcard. Learn about the conditions under which substances exist in solid, liquid, and vapor states. This quiz will help you grasp key concepts essential for your MCAT preparation.
