Maternal and Child Care Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the first topic listed in the table of contents?

  • Infancy
  • Toddler
  • Preschooler
  • Intro to Growth and Development (correct)

Which section comes immediately after the Preschooler section?

  • Toddler
  • Infancy
  • Adolescence
  • School Age (correct)

In which section of the content can one find information about nursing care?

  • Adolescence
  • Communication and Teaching
  • Scope and Standards
  • Nursing Care Planning (correct)

Which age group's information is found on page 27?

<p>Adolescence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section focuses on communication and teaching methods?

<p>Communication and Teaching (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section is found before the 'Scope and Standards' about nursing care?

<p>Communication and Teaching (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the 'Maternal and Child Care' section?

<p>Growth stages of children (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes periods when an organism is particularly susceptible to influences?

<p>Sensitive periods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a biological determinant of growth and development?

<p>Environmental factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the pace of development?

<p>Development may occur at varying rates among individuals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe periods in life that are more susceptible to both positive and negative influences?

<p>Sensitive periods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is not considered a part of external proportions in growth and development?

<p>Emotional resilience (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key developmental milestone occurs around 10 months of age?

<p>From prone to sitting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage involves primary circular reactions?

<p>Second Stage: Primary Circular Reactions (1 - 4 months) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions indicates a shift from reflexive behavior to voluntary acts in infants?

<p>Wiggling fingers and kicking legs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary area through which infants gain pleasurable sensations?

<p>Mouth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do infants begin to perceive their body image during development?

<p>Kinesthetic and tactile experiences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive recognition develops by the end of the first year?

<p>Recognition of being distinct from parents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of infants' responses to the environment?

<p>Recognition of stimuli that produce responses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the early understanding of gender identity in infants?

<p>Interest in gender identity begins developing gradually (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What direction does growth and development occur in cephalocaudal development?

<p>From upper to lower parts of the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes growth?

<p>An increase in physical size (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors influences growth and development?

<p>Genetic predispositions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stage does development become increasingly differentiated?

<p>Throughout adolescence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of development proceeding from simple to complex?

<p>Integration of skills and knowledge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects the pace of growth and development?

<p>Growth and development are often abrupt and uneven (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of proximodistal development emphasize?

<p>Development progresses from the center to the periphery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage is critical in the context of developmental milestones?

<p>Infancy and early childhood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can help an infant acclimate to new people?

<p>Having close friends and relatives visit often (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of stools in breastfed infants?

<p>They are softer than those of formula-fed infants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may cause loose stool in formula-fed infants?

<p>Improper dilution of the formula (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age might thumb sucking begin to cause malocclusion?

<p>After 4 years of age (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What denotes colic in infants?

<p>Loud and intense crying with abdominal pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first primary tooth to erupt in an infant?

<p>Lower central incisors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended practice to prevent overfeeding in infants?

<p>Offering small amounts of food frequently (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can contribute to colic in infants?

<p>Swallowing too much air during feeding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does a child typically exhibit punishment and obedience orientation in Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

<p>2-3 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic behavior of children aged 4-7 in Kohlberg's moral development theory?

<p>They display individualistic decision making. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage describes a child enjoying helping others due to its perceived niceness?

<p>Orientation to Interpersonal Relations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What age group enters the stage of Maintenance of Social Order according to Kohlberg's theory?

<p>10-12 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with the self-esteem of an individual?

<p>Cognitive development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept encompasses the physiological, psychological, and social nature of one's image of self?

<p>Body Image (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stage involves adolescents viewing self-care as a standard of adult behavior?

<p>Social Contract, Utilitarian Law-Making Perspectives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT influence the formation of a child's self-esteem?

<p>Genetic predisposition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What age category is characterized by the universal ethical principle orientation stage?

<p>Older than 12 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does self-concept primarily include?

<p>Beliefs and convictions about oneself (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Infancy

The stage of human development from birth to approximately 1 year of age.

Toddler

The stage of human development from approximately 1 to 3 years of age.

Preschooler

The stage of human development from approximately 3 to 5 years of age.

School Age

The stage of human development from approximately 5 to 12 years of age.

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Adolescence

The stage of human development from approximately 12 to 18 years of age.

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Scope and Standards

The principles and guidelines that define the scope and methods of nursing care in a specific setting or situation.

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Communication and Teaching

The process of conveying information and ideas effectively to individuals or groups, particularly within a learning or healthcare context.

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Nursing Care Planning

A structured plan that outlines nursing actions and interventions to achieve specific patient goals.

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Sensitive Period

A period of development in an organism's lifespan where it is more susceptible to both positive and negative influences.

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External Proportions

External proportions change throughout development, this is how we gain a more adult-like appearance.

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Linear Growth

This includes height and weight. Growth and maturation occur at distinct rates during development.

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Skeletal Growth & Maturation

This is a key aspect of growth and development, as bones provide support, structure, and form.

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Individual Differences

Every individual follows a unique developmental trajectory. There are variations in each phase of development.

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Development

A gradual change and expansion. Represents qualitative changes.

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Growth

An increase in physical size. Represents quantitative changes.

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Factors Influencing Growth and Development

Factors that influence how a person grows and develops.

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Growth and Development

The study of how people change from birth to death.

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Developmental Stages

Each stage of development has its own unique characteristics.

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Cephalocaudal Direction

Growth and development occur from head to toe.

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Proximodistal Direction

Growth and development occur from the center of the body outward.

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Simple to Complex Development

Development moves from simple actions to complex ones.

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Primary Circular Reactions

The period in infancy where babies learn to control their movements and actions, often through repeated trial and error.

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Secondary Circular Reactions

The stage in infancy where babies begin to understand that their actions have consequences and learn to repeat actions that bring pleasant results.

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Development of Body Image

This refers to how babies gradually develop an understanding of their own body and its capabilities.

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Development of Gender Identity

The process by which infants start to grasp the difference between male and female.

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Locomotion

The ability to use one's body to move around independently, like crawling, walking, and running.

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Replacement of Reflexive Behavior with Voluntary Acts

Infants replace automatic reflexes with intentional movements.

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Tertiary Circular Reactions

The stage in infancy where babies begin to understand the relationship between their actions and the world around them.

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Adaptation to Environment

Babies start to develop their own unique behaviors and preferences as they continue to learn and grow.

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Conventional Morality

A stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development where individuals prioritize rules and authority figures, believing that following rules is always right, even without understanding reasons.

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Body Image

A child's understanding and perception of their own body, including its physical characteristics and appearance.

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Self-Esteem

Overall evaluation of oneself, encompassing self-worth and perceived value.

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Self-Concept

The individual's description and understanding of themselves, including their beliefs, values, and how they relate to others.

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Sexuality

A complex multi-dimensional phenomenon encompassing feelings, attitudes, and behaviors related to sexuality.

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Kohlberg's Stage 2: Individualism

Young children are unable to understand why similar situations require similar actions.

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Kohlberg's Stage 3: Orientation to Interpersonal Relations

Children are motivated to help others out of a desire to be seen as 'nice'.

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Kohlberg's Stage 4: Maintenance of Social Order

Adolescents understand the need for rules to maintain social order.

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Post-Conventional Morality

A stage where individuals use their own moral principles based on justice and fairness to guide their actions.

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Kohlberg's Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles

Individuals at this stage prioritize universal ethical principles and justice.

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What is colic?

A common issue in infants, marked by intense crying, abdominal pain, and often occurring within the first 3 months of life. It can be caused by overfeeding or swallowing too much air during feeding. Making sure to burp the baby is a way to prevent it.

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What is teething?

When a baby erupts their first teeth, typically starting with the lower central incisors between 6 to 8 months. The upper central incisors follow closely.

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What are the concerns with thumb sucking and pacifier use?

This happens when babies suck on fingers or pacifiers excessively. If it persists past the age of 4 years, it can potentially affect the alignment of teeth and cause a problem with the bite.

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What are the differences in stool consistency for breastfed and formula fed infants?

An infant's stool consistency can be affected by their feeding. Breastfed babies typically have softer stools than formula-fed babies. If the formula isn't diluted properly, formula-fed babies may experience loose stools.

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How can parents help infants get used to new people?

Frequent visits from close friends and family can help an infant adjust to new people. The infant learns to recognize and feel comfortable with different individuals.

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What is a common cause of infant stress?

This occurs when infants are left alone with no one watching or playing with them. It can be a stressful and isolating experience for the infant.

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Study Notes

Table of Contents

  • Intro to growth and development p.2
  • Infancy p.8
  • Toddler p.15
  • Preschooler p.20
  • School age p.23
  • Adolescence p.27
  • Scope and standards p.30
  • Communication and teaching p.35
  • Nursing care planning p. 37
  • Related studied p.39
  • Filipino culture p.46
  • Maternal and child care entrep. p.50
  • NUR 121 Maternal-Child Care Nursing 1

TranxCN: Final Term Release 1 A.Y. 2024-2025

  • Guidelines: TranxCN is not for sale and only for students from De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute. Unauthorized reproduction/alteration is prohibited.
  • Disclaimer: Use at your own discretion. Not a substitute for college resources. No warranty of accuracy or completeness.

Introduction to Growth and Development Outline

  • All humans follow a predictable pattern of growth and development.
  • Stages are predictable, but timing varies.
  • Learning influences maturational development positively or negatively.
  • Development progresses in cephalocaudal and proximodistal directions, from simple to complex.
  • Growth and development are uneven.

Factors Influencing Growth and Development

  • Genetics
  • Gender
  • Health
  • Environment
  • Socio-economic level
  • Parent-child relationship
  • Ordinal position in the family
  • Health
  • Nutrition

Growth + Development

  • Numerous changes during lifespan.

Maturation

  • Aging
  • Increase in competence & adaptability
  • Structural complexity increases
  • Function at a higher level
  • Qualitative change

Principles of Growth and Development

  • Growth and development are continuous, orderly, sequential, processes.
  • Maturation, environmental, and genetic factors are influencing these sequential processes.

INFANCY

  • Birth to 12 months
  • Neonatal: birth to 27/28 weeks
  • Infancy: 1 to approx. 12 months
  • Critical period for development in motor, cognitive, and social domains.

Early Childhood

  • 1 to 6 years old
  • Toddler (1-3 years)
  • Preschool (3-6 years)
  • Intense activity and discovery.
  • Physical, social, language, personality, and self-concept development.

Middle Childhood

  • 6 to 11/12 years old ("School age")
  • Steady advancement in physical, mental, and social development.
  • Critical period in self-concept.

Late Childhood

  • 11 to 19 years old
  • Prepubertal (10-13)
  • Adolescence (13-18 approx)
  • Tumultuous period of rapid maturation.
  • Redefining self-concept

Methods of Studying Growth

  • Observing and measuring children at different developmental stages.
  • Cross-sectional studies: performed once.
  • Longitudinal studies: done repeatedly over time.

Developmental Pace

  • Although there's a fixed order, development isn't uniform.
  • Development has a rapid, off, slow, and increasingly marked progression.

Sensitive Periods

  • Critical, sensitive, vulnerable, & optimal time frames in an organism's lifetime where the effects of positive or negative influences are more pronounced.

Individual Differences

  • Variations in the rate and pace of development among individuals
  • Differences influence development and growth.

Biological Growth and Development

  • External Proportions and their growth.
  • Linear Growth, height, and skeletal maturation.

Personality Development (Sigmund Freud)

  • Stages: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, Genital.

Personality Development (Erik Erikson)

  • Stages: Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Role Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs. Stagnation, Integrity vs. Despair.

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

  • Sensorimotor (birth-2 years)
  • Preoperational (2-7 Years)
  • Concrete Operational (7-11 years)
  • Formal Operational (adolescence/adulthood)

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

  • Preconventional (punishment-obedience, individualism)
  • Conventional (interpersonal relations, maintaining social order)
  • Postconventional (social contract, universal ethical principle)

Toddler Biological/Physical Development

  • Proportional changes - Slow rate of increase in height and weight.
  • Sensory changes - Increased attention span.
  • Maturation of systems.
  • Motor skills (Gross and Fine).

Toddler Psychosocial Development

  • Sensorimotor & preoperational stages of cognitive development.
  • Understanding of self and others.
  • Social behaviors (sibling rivalry, temper tantrums, and negativism).
  • Social competence and relationships.
  • Preparation for preschool.
  • Managing stress.

Preschooler Biological/Physical Development

  • Physical Proportions
  • Gross Motor Development
  • Fine Motor Development

Preschooler Psychosocial Development

  • Social competence increases.
  • Imaginative play increases.
  • Relationships with peers.
  • Concerns related to normal growth.

School Age Biological/Physical Development

  • Proportional changes
  • Maturation of systems (Heart, lungs)
  • Prepubescence

School Age Psychosocial Development

  • Cognitive development (concrete operational stage)
  • Moral development
  • Language development

Adolescence Biological/Physical Development

  • Growth spurts in height and weight.
  • Puberty (secondary sex characteristics)

Adolescence Psychosocial Development

  • Formal operational thought
  • Identity versus role confusion

Scope and Standards of Nursing

  • WHO's MCN Standards of Care (1-7)
  • Legal Considerations of Maternal-Child Practices (e.g., Article II of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, relevant laws related to public health).
  • Ethical and Moral Considerations of Maternal-Child Practices (e.g., autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice).
  • Confidentiality of Information

Filipino Culture, Values, and Practices in Relation to Maternal and Child Care

  • Issues of assessment need to consider ethnicity, communication, touch, time, pain, family structure, female/male roles, religion, and health beliefs.

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