Perry: Maternal Child Nursing Care, 7th Edition Chapter 34 Quiz

Self-Concept and Body Image

• Self-concept refers to one's idea of oneself, including one's body image.
• Body image in children is influenced by various factors, including family, peers, and media.

Latchkey Children and Parental Concerns

• Latchkey children refer to children who are left at home without adult supervision.
• Parental concerns during middle childhood include ensuring their child's safety and well-being.

Stress and Childhood Development

• Stress in childhood can originate from various sources, including family, peers, and school.
• Stress in childhood can impact children's physical and emotional well-being, leading to anxiety, depression, and behavioral problems.
• Signs of stress in children that a nurse should further explore include changes in appetite, sleep patterns, and behavior.

Middle Childhood Development

• Middle childhood occurs from approximately 6 to 12 years of age.
• According to Erikson, a sense of industry occurs in school-age children as they develop a sense of competence and self-worth.
• According to Piaget, the main focus of the period of concrete operations in school-age children is the development of logical reasoning and problem-solving skills.

Cognitive and Social Development

• School-age children typically describe God as a powerful, benevolent figure.
• A significant fear that school-age children may have is the fear of death and separation from their parents.
• Prime elements of play during the school years include games, sports, and creative activities that promote socialization and skill development.
• A key cognitive milestone during middle childhood is the development of concrete operational thinking.
• School-age children typically view God as a personal, benevolent figure during their development.
• The main psychological challenge faced by school-age children according to Erikson's theory is the development of industry versus inferiority.

Social Development and Play

• Social development milestones of school-age children include the development of friendships, cooperation, and social skills.
• Characteristic fears that school-age children may develop during this stage include the fear of death, separation, and failure.
• Type of play emphasized during middle childhood for skill development is games and sports.

ADHD, PTSD, and Injury Prevention

• A common clinical manifestation of ADHD observed in school is inattention and hyperactivity.
• Children with PTSD should be encouraged to cope with stress by expressing their emotions and developing coping strategies.
• A key aspect of injury prevention for children is supervision and safety education.

Dental Care and Sexual Health

• A common dental problem that school-age children may face is tooth decay and cavities.
• Dental care is important for school-age children to prevent oral health problems and promote overall health.
• Nurses should present sexual information to school-age children in a way that is age-appropriate and normalizes sex as a part of growth and development.
• Changes in eating habits in children can relate to dental care, as frequent consumption of sugary snacks can lead to oral health problems.