Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which cranial nerve provides taste sensation from the anterior two thirds of the tongue?
Which cranial nerve provides taste sensation from the anterior two thirds of the tongue?
- Facial Nerve VII (correct)
- Glossopharyngeal Nerve IX
- Trigeminal Nerve V
- Hypoglossal Nerve XII
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the hypopharyngeal sphincter during swallowing?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the hypopharyngeal sphincter during swallowing?
- The sphincter is opened by contraction of skeletal muscles at the beginning of the oesophagus. (correct)
- The sphincter is activated by the tongue pushing the bolus backwards.
- The sphincter is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, independent of swallowing.
- The sphincter is always open to allow the bolus to pass.
What is the primary mechanism by which the bolus is transported down the oesophagus?
What is the primary mechanism by which the bolus is transported down the oesophagus?
- Muscular contractions propel the bolus downwards. (correct)
- Gravity alone pulls the bolus downwards.
- The tongue's backward motion forces the bolus down.
- Slippery saliva coats the oesophagus, allowing the bolus to slide down smoothly.
What is the name of the structure that is tilted backwards to protect the trachea during swallowing?
What is the name of the structure that is tilted backwards to protect the trachea during swallowing?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for motor function to the muscles of mastication?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for motor function to the muscles of mastication?
Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of dysphagia (swallowing difficulty)?
Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of dysphagia (swallowing difficulty)?
Which cranial nerve plays a role in the autonomic control of the oesophagus?
Which cranial nerve plays a role in the autonomic control of the oesophagus?
The term 'peristaltic waves' refers to:
The term 'peristaltic waves' refers to:
Which of the following best describes the process of forming a bolus in the mouth?
Which of the following best describes the process of forming a bolus in the mouth?
What role do the trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerves play in the swallowing process?
What role do the trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerves play in the swallowing process?
How long does it typically take for a bolus to travel from the oral cavity to the stomach?
How long does it typically take for a bolus to travel from the oral cavity to the stomach?
What is the primary function of the swallow centre located in the medulla?
What is the primary function of the swallow centre located in the medulla?
What primarily initiates the swallowing reflex?
What primarily initiates the swallowing reflex?
What is a recommended position for a patient with dysphagia during treatment?
What is a recommended position for a patient with dysphagia during treatment?
Which of the following are key considerations when assessing a patient with dysphagia?
Which of the following are key considerations when assessing a patient with dysphagia?
What type of dental materials should be avoided to protect the airway during procedures for dysphagic patients?
What type of dental materials should be avoided to protect the airway during procedures for dysphagic patients?
Which device is recommended for maintaining a clear field during dental procedures for patients with dysphagia?
Which device is recommended for maintaining a clear field during dental procedures for patients with dysphagia?
What type of oral hygiene products should be avoided for patients with dysphagia?
What type of oral hygiene products should be avoided for patients with dysphagia?
When providing preventative advice to a dysphagic patient, what should be considered?
When providing preventative advice to a dysphagic patient, what should be considered?
In managing a patient with dysphagia, which of the following strategies should be employed?
In managing a patient with dysphagia, which of the following strategies should be employed?
When taking impressions for a dysphagic patient, what is an important factor to consider?
When taking impressions for a dysphagic patient, what is an important factor to consider?
What is a common symptom of dysphagia that indicates food may be going the wrong way?
What is a common symptom of dysphagia that indicates food may be going the wrong way?
Which condition can cause weakness in the muscles used for swallowing?
Which condition can cause weakness in the muscles used for swallowing?
What may result from delayed swallow reflex?
What may result from delayed swallow reflex?
What could be a consequence of reduced peristalsis during swallowing?
What could be a consequence of reduced peristalsis during swallowing?
How can positioning after eating affect dysphagia?
How can positioning after eating affect dysphagia?
What is a consequence of aspiration during swallowing?
What is a consequence of aspiration during swallowing?
How does dehydration relate to dysphagia?
How does dehydration relate to dysphagia?
Which of the following conditions is least likely to directly weaken swallowing muscles?
Which of the following conditions is least likely to directly weaken swallowing muscles?
Which of the following psychological effects can increase the risk of malnutrition in individuals with dysphagia?
Which of the following psychological effects can increase the risk of malnutrition in individuals with dysphagia?
What is a possible cause of dysphagia related to age?
What is a possible cause of dysphagia related to age?
What occurs in the esophagus during gastric reflux?
What occurs in the esophagus during gastric reflux?
Which of these is NOT a possible sign of dysphagia?
Which of these is NOT a possible sign of dysphagia?
What oral health impacts can result from dysphagia?
What oral health impacts can result from dysphagia?
What is a common result of individuals being unable to swallow safely?
What is a common result of individuals being unable to swallow safely?
What physical impairment can cause aspiration during swallowing?
What physical impairment can cause aspiration during swallowing?
Which of the following conditions can exacerbate the risk of pneumonia due to aspiration?
Which of the following conditions can exacerbate the risk of pneumonia due to aspiration?
What role do the lips play in the swallowing process?
What role do the lips play in the swallowing process?
During swallowing, what is the primary function of the hyoid bone?
During swallowing, what is the primary function of the hyoid bone?
Which structure is specifically responsible for lowering to protect the airway during swallowing?
Which structure is specifically responsible for lowering to protect the airway during swallowing?
What happens to the cricoid cartilage during swallowing?
What happens to the cricoid cartilage during swallowing?
Which phase of swallowing is considered to be initiated voluntarily?
Which phase of swallowing is considered to be initiated voluntarily?
What role does the tongue play in the swallowing process?
What role does the tongue play in the swallowing process?
What anatomical feature supports the tongue and is involved in swallowing?
What anatomical feature supports the tongue and is involved in swallowing?
In the swallowing process, what happens when the soft palate rises?
In the swallowing process, what happens when the soft palate rises?
Flashcards
Dysphagia
Dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing, often impacting food and fluid intake.
Patient Assessment
Patient Assessment
Evaluating the extent of dysphagia and its underlying causes.
Comfortable Positioning
Comfortable Positioning
Positioning patients in a way that eases dysphagia symptoms during treatment.
Preventative Dentistry
Preventative Dentistry
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Diet Modifications
Diet Modifications
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Effective Suctioning
Effective Suctioning
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Aspirating Toothbrush
Aspirating Toothbrush
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Impression Viscosity Care
Impression Viscosity Care
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Bolus
Bolus
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Deglutition
Deglutition
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Swallowing Reflex
Swallowing Reflex
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Swallowing Duration
Swallowing Duration
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Components of Swallowing
Components of Swallowing
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Aspiration
Aspiration
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Chest Infection
Chest Infection
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Dehydration
Dehydration
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Malnutrition
Malnutrition
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Gastric Reflux
Gastric Reflux
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Dental Impact of Dysphagia
Dental Impact of Dysphagia
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Pharyngeal Residue
Pharyngeal Residue
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Social Impact of Dysphagia
Social Impact of Dysphagia
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Lips
Lips
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Tongue
Tongue
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Soft palate
Soft palate
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Hyoid bone
Hyoid bone
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Epiglottis
Epiglottis
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Cricoid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
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Phases of swallowing
Phases of swallowing
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Oral phase
Oral phase
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Hypopharyngeal sphincter
Hypopharyngeal sphincter
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Peristalsis
Peristalsis
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Oesophageal Phase
Oesophageal Phase
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Nerve Innervation
Nerve Innervation
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Facial Nerve VII
Facial Nerve VII
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Signs of Dysphagia
Signs of Dysphagia
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Causes of Dysphagia
Causes of Dysphagia
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Neurological Causes
Neurological Causes
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Structural Abnormalities
Structural Abnormalities
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Pharyngeal Stage Disorders
Pharyngeal Stage Disorders
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Oesophageal Stage Disorders
Oesophageal Stage Disorders
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Protective Measures During Swallowing
Protective Measures During Swallowing
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Study Notes
Mastication, Deglutition & Dysphagia
- Mastication is the process of chewing food. It involves teeth, tongue, muscles of mastication, and lips.
- Proper mastication is crucial for efficient digestion.
- The masticatory cycle consists of opening, closing, and occlusal phases.
- Food is broken down by teeth, mixed with saliva to form a bolus, and prepared for swallowing.
GDC Learning Outcomes
- Students should be able to describe relevant dental, oral, craniofacial, and general anatomy and explain their use in patient management.
- Students should be able to describe relevant physiology and explain its application to patient management.
- Key related topics include muscles of mastication, tongue, saliva/salivation, palate, xerostomia, and regional anatomy.
Intended Learning Outcomes
- Students should be able to describe the processes of mastication and deglutition (swallowing) in both health and disease.
- Students should be able to outline the structures involved in these processes.
- Students should be able to outline the disorders that can affect swallowing.
- Students should be able to outline considerations for dental management of patients with dysphagia.
Swallowing
- Swallowing (deglutition) takes about 7 seconds.
- It involves several steps: the bolus is pushed, the soft palate and epiglottis elevate to block the nasal cavity and the larynx, the larynx and the upper esophageal sphincter close to prevent aspiration, and the bolus enters the esophagus.
- There are two types of swallowing: automatic (dry) swallow and voluntarily initiated swallow (food & drink).
Swallowing Structures
- Key oral structures involved in swallowing include lips, tongue, soft palate, hyoid bone, epiglottis, vocal cords, and the cricoid cartilage.
- These structures work together to safely move food to the esophagus and prevent aspiration (food entering the trachea).
Swallowing Phases
- Swallowing has three phases: oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal.
Disorders of Swallowing
- Dysphagia refers to swallowing difficulties.
- Causes include stroke, cleft palate, cerebral palsy, Parkinson's disease, bony outgrowths, head and neck cancer, infections, dementia, medications, and age-related changes.
- Signs of dysphagia can include food/drink going down the wrong way, coughing, feeling food stuck, having food left in mouth, dribbling, taking a long time to swallow, needing to swallow multiple times, a croaky voice, inability to chew food properly.
Dental Management of Dysphagia
- Dysphagia can impact oral health, potentially leading to reduced oral clearance, increased plaque/calculus, dry mouth, and increased caries risk.
- Dental considerations for patients with dysphagia should focus on patient assessment, positioning, preventative advice, and provision of treatment. Proper care for the patient is critical to their success.
Additional Considerations
- Infections (such as pneumonia) can be associated with swallowing difficulties.
- Dehydration and malnutrition can stem from impaired swallowing.
- Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) can cause heartburn, inflammation, or ulceration of the esophagus.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the processes of mastication and deglutition, exploring the anatomical structures involved in chewing and swallowing. Students will learn about the physiology and its implications for patient management, including related topics such as saliva and the muscles of mastication.
