L5 (T1): Thyroid Disease: hyper, hypo and other
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the best biomarker of thyroid status?

  • TRAB
  • Anti-TPO AB
  • Thyroid autoantibodies
  • TSH receptor autoantibody TSH (correct)

Which type of thyroid autoantibody stimulates the TSH receptor?

  • TRAB
  • Destructive
  • Stimulatory (correct)
  • Anti-TPO AB

What are the symptoms of severe hypothyroidism?

  • Lethargy
  • Mild weight gain
  • Cold intolerance
  • All of the above (correct)

What are the signs of severe hypothyroidism?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism?

<p>Autoimmune hypothyroidism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the causes of secondary hypothyroidism?

<p>Diseases of the hypothalamus or pituitary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is NOT an association with autoimmune thyroid disease?

<p>Premature ovarian failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion?

<p>Lithium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency for thyroid function tests in patients taking Amiodarone?

<p>Annually (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the next step in the management of a thyroid nodule in a euthyroid patient?

<p>Perform fine-needle aspiration biopsy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of thyroid nodules are likely to be thyroid cancer?

<p>~5% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristic imaging features helpful in evaluating a thyroid nodule?

<p>Presence of calcifications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a treatment option for Graves disease?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate long-term cure rate for Graves disease with medical therapy?

<p>Approximately one third (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate risk of permanent hypothyroidism after radioiodine treatment for Graves disease?

<p>Approximately 40% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial treatment for a toxic adenoma or toxic multinodular goitre?

<p>Short-term medical therapy to control thyroid function tests (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of surgical decompression in the treatment of thyroid eye disease?

<p>To reduce eye discomfort (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common features of thyroid storm?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with thyrotoxicosis?

<p>Weight gain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of thyroid eye disease?

<p>Inability to close eyes fully (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of thyrotoxicosis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a helpful diagnostic feature for identifying Graves disease?

<p>Goitre with a bruit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the interpretation of the following thyroid function test results: TSH < 0.1 miu/l, FT4 30 pmol/l, FT3 10 pmol/l?

<p>Hyperthyroidism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives the system in hyperthyroidism?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a symptom of hyperthyroidism?

<p>Overproduction of thyroid hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of hypothyroidism?

<p>A thyroid problem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a goitre refer to?

<p>Enlargement of thyroid gland (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the thyroid gland examined?

<p>By feeling for the thyroid cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the normal ranges for thyroid function tests?

<p>TSH 0.3 - 4.2 mu/l, FT4 12 - 22 pmol/l, FT3 3.1 - 6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of thyroid function tests?

<p>To monitor thyroid hormone levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of hypothyroidism?

<p>Autoimmune hypothyroidism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medications can cause hypothyroidism?

<p>Lithium and amiodarone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical starting dose of levothyroxine for hypothyroidism?

<p>100 micrograms per day (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of thyroid function tests in the investigation of hypothyroidism?

<p>To determine thyroid hormone levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is responsible for producing mostly T4 and a bit of T3?

<p>Thyroid gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the negative feedback loop in the thyroid system?

<p>To regulate the pituitary and hypothalamus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is commonly measured in thyroid function tests as a biomarker of thyroid status?

<p>Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do thyroid autoantibodies indicate in relation to thyroid disease?

<p>They are markers of risk for autoimmune thyroid disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the lectures in this module?

<p>To recap the physiology and provide clinical aspects of each topic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will be covered in the session about thyroid disease?

<p>Thyroid function tests and causes of hypothyroidism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the lectures on thyroid disease?

<p>Investigating and treating thyroid disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for asking questions during the lectures?

<p>Raise hands during the lecture or at the end (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes primary hypothyroidism?

<p>It is the underproduction of thyroid hormone due to a problem in the thyroid gland itself. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'goitre' indicate?

<p>It indicates an enlarged thyroid gland. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the structure and function of a gland be viewed?

<p>They need to be viewed separately. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of checking for regional lymphadenopathy when examining the thyroid gland?

<p>To check for the presence of thyroid cancers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe the inflammation of the thyroid gland in autoimmune hypothyroidism?

<p>Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT associated with hypothyroidism?

<p>Weight loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy is not considered standard treatment for hypothyroidism?

<p>T3 therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of thyroid function tests in evaluating thyroid function?

<p>To evaluate the endogenous thyroid function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism in the UK?

<p>Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies targeting the thyroid for destruction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with hypothyroidism?

<p>Heat intolerance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies and thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAs)?

<p>TPO antibodies target the thyroid for destruction, while TSAs stimulate the thyroid gland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likelihood of developing mixed oedema coma in cases of mild or transient hypothyroidism?

<p>Unlikely (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between symptoms and signs in medical terms?

<p>Symptoms are what the patient experiences, while signs are what the clinician observes during examination. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some signs of hyperthyroidism that can be observed during a physical examination?

<p>Fine tremor in the hands, warm and sweaty hands, and sinus tachycardia or atrial fibrillation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a goitre and how can it be assessed during a physical examination?

<p>A goitre refers to an enlarged thyroid gland, which can be assessed by checking its smoothness, symmetry, and presence of a bruit. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of Graves disease that can be observed during a physical examination?

<p>A fine tremor in the hands, resembling a caffeine tremor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if a patient's goitre has a bruit?

<p>If a patient's goitre has a bruit, it indicates that the patient has Graves disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between symptoms and signs when diagnosing a patient?

<p>Symptoms are what the patient reports, while signs are what the clinician observes and examines. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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