60 Questions
Which of the following is the best biomarker of thyroid status?
TSH receptor autoantibody TSH
Which type of thyroid autoantibody stimulates the TSH receptor?
Stimulatory
What are the symptoms of severe hypothyroidism?
All of the above
What are the signs of severe hypothyroidism?
All of the above
What is the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism?
Autoimmune hypothyroidism
What are the causes of secondary hypothyroidism?
Diseases of the hypothalamus or pituitary
Which one of the following is NOT an association with autoimmune thyroid disease?
Premature ovarian failure
Which medication inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion?
Lithium
What is the recommended frequency for thyroid function tests in patients taking Amiodarone?
Annually
What is the next step in the management of a thyroid nodule in a euthyroid patient?
Perform fine-needle aspiration biopsy
What percentage of thyroid nodules are likely to be thyroid cancer?
~5%
What are the characteristic imaging features helpful in evaluating a thyroid nodule?
Presence of calcifications
Which of the following is a treatment option for Graves disease?
All of the above
What is the approximate long-term cure rate for Graves disease with medical therapy?
Approximately one third
What is the approximate risk of permanent hypothyroidism after radioiodine treatment for Graves disease?
Approximately 40%
What is the initial treatment for a toxic adenoma or toxic multinodular goitre?
Short-term medical therapy to control thyroid function tests
What is the main purpose of surgical decompression in the treatment of thyroid eye disease?
To reduce eye discomfort
What are the common features of thyroid storm?
All of the above
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with thyrotoxicosis?
Weight gain
Which of the following is a sign of thyroid eye disease?
Inability to close eyes fully
Which of the following is a cause of thyrotoxicosis?
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a helpful diagnostic feature for identifying Graves disease?
Goitre with a bruit
What is the interpretation of the following thyroid function test results: TSH < 0.1 miu/l, FT4 30 pmol/l, FT3 10 pmol/l?
Hyperthyroidism
What drives the system in hyperthyroidism?
All of the above
Which one of these is a symptom of hyperthyroidism?
Overproduction of thyroid hormone
What is the primary cause of hypothyroidism?
A thyroid problem
What does a goitre refer to?
Enlargement of thyroid gland
How is the thyroid gland examined?
By feeling for the thyroid cartilage
What are the normal ranges for thyroid function tests?
TSH 0.3 - 4.2 mu/l, FT4 12 - 22 pmol/l, FT3 3.1 - 6
What is the purpose of thyroid function tests?
To monitor thyroid hormone levels
What is the primary cause of hypothyroidism?
Autoimmune hypothyroidism
Which medications can cause hypothyroidism?
Lithium and amiodarone
What is the typical starting dose of levothyroxine for hypothyroidism?
100 micrograms per day
What is the purpose of thyroid function tests in the investigation of hypothyroidism?
To determine thyroid hormone levels
Which gland is responsible for producing mostly T4 and a bit of T3?
Thyroid gland
What is the purpose of the negative feedback loop in the thyroid system?
To regulate the pituitary and hypothalamus
Which hormone is commonly measured in thyroid function tests as a biomarker of thyroid status?
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
What do thyroid autoantibodies indicate in relation to thyroid disease?
They are markers of risk for autoimmune thyroid disease
What is the purpose of the lectures in this module?
To recap the physiology and provide clinical aspects of each topic
What will be covered in the session about thyroid disease?
Thyroid function tests and causes of hypothyroidism
What is the main focus of the lectures on thyroid disease?
Investigating and treating thyroid disease
What is the recommended approach for asking questions during the lectures?
Raise hands during the lecture or at the end
Which of the following best describes primary hypothyroidism?
It is the underproduction of thyroid hormone due to a problem in the thyroid gland itself.
What does the term 'goitre' indicate?
It indicates an enlarged thyroid gland.
How should the structure and function of a gland be viewed?
They need to be viewed separately.
What is the purpose of checking for regional lymphadenopathy when examining the thyroid gland?
To check for the presence of thyroid cancers.
Which term is used to describe the inflammation of the thyroid gland in autoimmune hypothyroidism?
Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis
Which symptom is NOT associated with hypothyroidism?
Weight loss
Which therapy is not considered standard treatment for hypothyroidism?
T3 therapy
What is the main purpose of thyroid function tests in evaluating thyroid function?
To evaluate the endogenous thyroid function
Which of the following is the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism in the UK?
Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies targeting the thyroid for destruction
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with hypothyroidism?
Heat intolerance
What is the main difference between thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies and thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAs)?
TPO antibodies target the thyroid for destruction, while TSAs stimulate the thyroid gland
What is the likelihood of developing mixed oedema coma in cases of mild or transient hypothyroidism?
Unlikely
What is the difference between symptoms and signs in medical terms?
Symptoms are what the patient experiences, while signs are what the clinician observes during examination.
What are some signs of hyperthyroidism that can be observed during a physical examination?
Fine tremor in the hands, warm and sweaty hands, and sinus tachycardia or atrial fibrillation.
What is a goitre and how can it be assessed during a physical examination?
A goitre refers to an enlarged thyroid gland, which can be assessed by checking its smoothness, symmetry, and presence of a bruit.
What is a common sign of Graves disease that can be observed during a physical examination?
A fine tremor in the hands, resembling a caffeine tremor.
What does it mean if a patient's goitre has a bruit?
If a patient's goitre has a bruit, it indicates that the patient has Graves disease.
What is the relationship between symptoms and signs when diagnosing a patient?
Symptoms are what the patient reports, while signs are what the clinician observes and examines.
Quiz: Managing Hypothyroidism with Levothyroxine Test your knowledge on managing hypothyroidism with levothyroxine. Learn about the optimal dosage, treatment goals, and individual variations in therapy. Discover the evidence-based recommendations for achieving normal FT4 levels without TSH suppression. Explore the effectiveness of T4/T3 combination therapy in properly conducted trials. Ideal for healthcare professionals and individuals seeking to enhance their understanding of autoimmune hypothyroidism.
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