L5 (T1): Thyroid Disease: hyper, hypo and other
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the best biomarker of thyroid status?

  • TRAB
  • Anti-TPO AB
  • Thyroid autoantibodies
  • TSH receptor autoantibody TSH (correct)

    • Which type of thyroid autoantibody stimulates the TSH receptor?

  • TRAB
  • Destructive
  • Stimulatory (correct)
  • Anti-TPO AB

    • What are the symptoms of severe hypothyroidism?

  • Lethargy
  • Mild weight gain
  • Cold intolerance
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What are the signs of severe hypothyroidism?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism?

    <p>Autoimmune hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the causes of secondary hypothyroidism?

    <p>Diseases of the hypothalamus or pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is NOT an association with autoimmune thyroid disease?

    <p>Premature ovarian failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion?

    <p>Lithium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for thyroid function tests in patients taking Amiodarone?

    <p>Annually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next step in the management of a thyroid nodule in a euthyroid patient?

    <p>Perform fine-needle aspiration biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of thyroid nodules are likely to be thyroid cancer?

    <p>~5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristic imaging features helpful in evaluating a thyroid nodule?

    <p>Presence of calcifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a treatment option for Graves disease?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate long-term cure rate for Graves disease with medical therapy?

    <p>Approximately one third</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate risk of permanent hypothyroidism after radioiodine treatment for Graves disease?

    <p>Approximately 40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial treatment for a toxic adenoma or toxic multinodular goitre?

    <p>Short-term medical therapy to control thyroid function tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of surgical decompression in the treatment of thyroid eye disease?

    <p>To reduce eye discomfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common features of thyroid storm?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with thyrotoxicosis?

    <p>Weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sign of thyroid eye disease?

    <p>Inability to close eyes fully</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of thyrotoxicosis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a helpful diagnostic feature for identifying Graves disease?

    <p>Goitre with a bruit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the interpretation of the following thyroid function test results: TSH < 0.1 miu/l, FT4 30 pmol/l, FT3 10 pmol/l?

    <p>Hyperthyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the system in hyperthyroidism?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is a symptom of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Overproduction of thyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of hypothyroidism?

    <p>A thyroid problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a goitre refer to?

    <p>Enlargement of thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the thyroid gland examined?

    <p>By feeling for the thyroid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the normal ranges for thyroid function tests?

    <p>TSH 0.3 - 4.2 mu/l, FT4 12 - 22 pmol/l, FT3 3.1 - 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of thyroid function tests?

    <p>To monitor thyroid hormone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of hypothyroidism?

    <p>Autoimmune hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medications can cause hypothyroidism?

    <p>Lithium and amiodarone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical starting dose of levothyroxine for hypothyroidism?

    <p>100 micrograms per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of thyroid function tests in the investigation of hypothyroidism?

    <p>To determine thyroid hormone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is responsible for producing mostly T4 and a bit of T3?

    <p>Thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the negative feedback loop in the thyroid system?

    <p>To regulate the pituitary and hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is commonly measured in thyroid function tests as a biomarker of thyroid status?

    <p>Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do thyroid autoantibodies indicate in relation to thyroid disease?

    <p>They are markers of risk for autoimmune thyroid disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the lectures in this module?

    <p>To recap the physiology and provide clinical aspects of each topic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will be covered in the session about thyroid disease?

    <p>Thyroid function tests and causes of hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the lectures on thyroid disease?

    <p>Investigating and treating thyroid disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for asking questions during the lectures?

    <p>Raise hands during the lecture or at the end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes primary hypothyroidism?

    <p>It is the underproduction of thyroid hormone due to a problem in the thyroid gland itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'goitre' indicate?

    <p>It indicates an enlarged thyroid gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the structure and function of a gland be viewed?

    <p>They need to be viewed separately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of checking for regional lymphadenopathy when examining the thyroid gland?

    <p>To check for the presence of thyroid cancers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to describe the inflammation of the thyroid gland in autoimmune hypothyroidism?

    <p>Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT associated with hypothyroidism?

    <p>Weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy is not considered standard treatment for hypothyroidism?

    <p>T3 therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of thyroid function tests in evaluating thyroid function?

    <p>To evaluate the endogenous thyroid function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism in the UK?

    <p>Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies targeting the thyroid for destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with hypothyroidism?

    <p>Heat intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies and thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAs)?

    <p>TPO antibodies target the thyroid for destruction, while TSAs stimulate the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likelihood of developing mixed oedema coma in cases of mild or transient hypothyroidism?

    <p>Unlikely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between symptoms and signs in medical terms?

    <p>Symptoms are what the patient experiences, while signs are what the clinician observes during examination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some signs of hyperthyroidism that can be observed during a physical examination?

    <p>Fine tremor in the hands, warm and sweaty hands, and sinus tachycardia or atrial fibrillation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a goitre and how can it be assessed during a physical examination?

    <p>A goitre refers to an enlarged thyroid gland, which can be assessed by checking its smoothness, symmetry, and presence of a bruit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sign of Graves disease that can be observed during a physical examination?

    <p>A fine tremor in the hands, resembling a caffeine tremor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean if a patient's goitre has a bruit?

    <p>If a patient's goitre has a bruit, it indicates that the patient has Graves disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between symptoms and signs when diagnosing a patient?

    <p>Symptoms are what the patient reports, while signs are what the clinician observes and examines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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