Mastering Hypertension Treatment
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a class of antihypertensive therapeutics according to the text?

  • Calcium channel blockers
  • b1-adrenoceptor antagonists (correct)
  • ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
  • Diuretics

    • Which diagnostic method is NOT mentioned as a way to diagnose hypertension in the text?

  • Clinic blood pressure (BP) monitoring
  • Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM)
  • Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM)
  • End organ damage (correct)

    • Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with persistent dry cough as a side effect?

  • Calcium channel blockers
  • Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
  • Diuretics
  • ACE inhibitors (correct)

    • Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with ankle edema as a side effect?

    <p>Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with flushes and headaches as side effects?

    <p>Calcium channel blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with back/leg pain and hyperkalemia as side effects?

    <p>Diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with gout and renal impairment as side effects?

    <p>Diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with impotence and teratogenic effects as side effects?

    <p>Diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with dizziness, tiredness, and headaches as side effects?

    <p>ACE inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with risk of angioedema and hyponatremia as side effects?

    <p>ACE inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with risk of hyperkalemia and renal impairment as side effects?

    <p>Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with risk of dehydration and GI upset as side effects?

    <p>Diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with risk of impotence and ineffective in moderate to severe renal impairment?

    <p>ACE inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with risk of ankle edema as a side effect?

    <p>Calcium channel blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is NOT associated with risk of teratogenic effects?

    <p>Calcium channel blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with risk of dizziness, tiredness, and headaches as side effects?

    <p>ACE inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with risk of back/leg pain and hyperkalemia as side effects?

    <p>Diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic method is mentioned as a way to diagnose hypertension in the text?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with risk of flushes and headaches as side effects?

    <p>Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with risk of gout and renal impairment as side effects?

    <p>Diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dysfunction is characterized by impaired cardiac contractility and a decreased ejection fraction?

    <p>Systolic dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dysfunction is characterized by decreased ventricular compliance and preserved ejection fraction?

    <p>Diastolic dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main determinant of pre-load?

    <p>Venous return</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of afterload?

    <p>Vascular resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for cardiac output?

    <p>Cardiac output = HR x SV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion influences myocardial contractility (inotropy)?

    <p>Ca2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which channels are facilitated by cAMP and influence myocardial contractility?

    <p>L-type channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which exchange is indirectly inhibited by cardiac glycosides and influences myocardial contractility?

    <p>Na+/Ca2+ exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which NYHA class of heart failure is characterized by marked limitation of physical activity and symptoms of heart failure at rest?

    <p>Class IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which NYHA class of heart failure is characterized by no limitation of physical activity and no symptoms of heart failure?

    <p>Class I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with risk of angioedema and hyponatremia as side effects?

    <p>ACE inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with risk of impotence and ineffective in moderate to severe renal impairment?

    <p>Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with risk of dehydration and GI upset as side effects?

    <p>Diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with risk of back/leg pain and hyperkalemia as side effects?

    <p>Calcium channel blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with risk of gout and renal impairment as side effects?

    <p>ACE inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with risk of ankle edema as a side effect?

    <p>Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with risk of flushes and headaches as side effects?

    <p>Calcium channel blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with risk of dizziness, tiredness, and headaches as side effects?

    <p>ACE inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is associated with persistent dry cough as a side effect?

    <p>ACE inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive therapeutics is NOT associated with risk of teratogenic effects?

    <p>Calcium channel blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for carrying afferent fibers from the walls of the aorta to the brain?

    <p>Vagus (Xth cranial) nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of baroreceptors in the body?

    <p>To maintain a relatively constant arterial blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a fundamental component of a reflex control system for blood pressure?

    <p>Efferent pathways from the integrating center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of baroreceptor activity?

    <p>Firing rate decreases when blood pressure increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a location of main baroreceptors in the body?

    <p>Walls of the aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of nervous control of arterial pressure?

    <p>It can increase arterial pressure to 2x normal within 5-10s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a reflex control system for blood pressure?

    <p>Target effectors that alter their activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for carrying afferent fibers from the carotid artery to the brain?

    <p>Glossopharyngeal (IXth cranial) nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of baroreceptors?

    <p>They alter their activities in response to changes in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of reflex control of blood pressure?

    <p>It is satisfied by local control mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors sense central blood volume in the cardiopulmonary baroreceptor reflex?

    <p>Atria, ventricles, veins, and pulmonary vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex is a sympathetic-mediated reflex that responds to increased blood in the atria?

    <p>Bainbridge Reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of baroreceptor reflex control?

    <p>To reduce the minute-to-minute variations or arterial pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effectors are targeted in the reflex control of blood pressure?

    <p>Heart and blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the medullary cardiovascular control (MCVC) center receives input from baroreceptors?

    <p>Sensory area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerves are responsible for efferent sympathetic output in the medullary cardiovascular control (MCVC) center?

    <p>Sympathetic nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerves are responsible for efferent parasympathetic (vagal) output in the medullary cardiovascular control (MCVC) center?

    <p>Parasympathetic (vagal) nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main target effector of sympathetic effects in reflex control of blood pressure?

    <p>Blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main target effector of parasympathetic effects in reflex control of blood pressure?

    <p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which emergency pressure control system is activated when blood flow to the medullary cardiovascular control (MCVC) center is severely reduced?

    <p>CNS ischemic response</p> Signup and view all the answers

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