Ch3 1
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Questions and Answers

Which liquid has a specific gravity greater than 1?

  • Water
  • Combustible liquids
  • Carbon disulfide (correct)
  • Alcohol

    • What happens to water at 212°F (100°C)?

  • It becomes steam
  • It becomes denser
  • It evaporates
  • It expands approximately 1,700 times its original volume (correct)

    • What is the weight of 1 cubic foot (ft3) of water?

  • 144 inches2
  • 0.434 psi
  • 62.4 pounds (correct)
  • 1 liter (L)

    • What is the force per unit area in a liquid or gas called?

    <p>Pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason why water is the primary extinguishing agent?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature range at which water exists in a liquid state?

    <p>32°F to 212°F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must fire service personnel understand the process of obtaining and moving water?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to water below 32°F (0°C)?

    <p>It condenses into ice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what determines the pressure of a liquid in an open vessel?

    <p>The depth of the liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is atmospheric pressure?

    <p>The pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level?

    <p>14.7 psi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unit is used to measure water density?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature is water heaviest and has its highest density?

    <p>Freezing point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight of ordinary water for fire protection purposes?

    <p>Both of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the latent heat of vaporization?

    <p>The quantity of heat absorbed by a substance when it changes from a liquid to a vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct definition of static pressure in a water distribution system?

    <p>The pressure exerted on water when it is not moving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the pressure in a water distribution system during normal consumption demands?

    <p>Normal operating pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can cause friction loss in a water distribution system?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which principle governs friction loss in hose and pipes?

    <p>Friction loss varies directly with the length of the hose or pipe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following principles explains the advantage of using a larger diameter hose or pipe for the same discharge?

    <p>Third Principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the friction loss for a 100-foot (30 m) length of pipe with a flow of 200 gpm (750 L/min)?

    <p>10 psi (70 kPa)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the flow is doubled from 200 gpm (800 L/min) to 400 gpm (1,600 L/min), approximately how much does the friction loss increase by?

    <p>Four times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a 100-foot (30 m), 8-inch diameter (200 mm) pipe with a flow of 2,750 gpm (10,410 L/min), what is the friction loss if the coefficient of roughness is 120?

    <p>6 psi (40 kPa)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a water supply system is responsible for removing contaminants from water?

    <p>Water processing or treatment facility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern of the fire department regarding water treatment facilities?

    <p>Maintaining power supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cities, which water requirement typically exceeds the need for fire protection?

    <p>Industrial use and Domestic use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In some locations, such as industrial facilities, which requirement may exceed other water requirements?

    <p>Fire protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can disable a pumping station or hamper the water purification process?

    <p>Maintenance errors, natural disaster, loss of power supply, or fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding fluoride or oxygen in water treatment?

    <p>A &amp; B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason why water is the primary extinguishing agent?

    <p>Innovations in fire fighting techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phase change that water undergoes below 32°F (0°C)?

    <p>Solidification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature range at which water exists in a liquid state?

    <p>32°F to 212°F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding fluoride or oxygen in water treatment?

    <p>To remove contaminants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the weight of 1 cubic foot (ft3) of water?

    <p>62.4 pounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pressure exerted by a 1-inch2 column of water 1-foot high at its base?

    <p>0.434 psi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight of 1 liter of water in metrics?

    <p>1 kilogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force per unit area in a liquid or gas called?

    <p>Pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the weight of one cubic meter of water?

    <p>1000 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, how much pressure does each column of water exert at its base?

    <p>10 kPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the fourth principle of pressure?

    <p>The pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is directly proportional to its depth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the atmospheric pressure at sea level?

    <p>14.7 psi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct definition of specific heat?

    <p>The amount of heat required to change a unit quantity of a substance by one degree in temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the boiling point of water at sea level?

    <p>212°F (100°C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight of 1 gallon (3.8 L) of water?

    <p>8.34 pounds (3.8 kg)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the latent heat of vaporization for water?

    <p>970 BTU (1 023 kJ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating flow pressure (velocity pressure)?

    <p>Flow Pressure = Pitot Tube Pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct definition of residual pressure in a water distribution system?

    <p>The pressure left in a distribution system within the vicinity of one or more flowing hydrants when the test water is flowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct definition of static pressure in a water distribution system?

    <p>The pressure exerted by an elevated water supply or a pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the approximate friction loss for a 200-foot (60 m) length of pipe with a flow of 200 gpm (750 L/min)?

    <p>20 psi (140 kPa)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, if the flow is tripled from 200 gpm (800 L/min) to 600 gpm (2,400 L/min), approximately how much does the friction loss increase by?

    <p>9 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the approximate friction loss for a 100-foot (30 m), 8-inch diameter (200 mm) pipe with a flow of 2,750 gpm (10,410 L/min) if the coefficient of roughness is 140?

    <p>2 psi (14 kPa)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which factor can cause friction loss in a water distribution system?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about groundwater supply?

    <p>Groundwater supply can be either water wells or water-producing springs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an engineering estimate determine?

    <p>The total amount of water needed for domestic, industrial, and fire fighting use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cities, which water requirements typically exceed the need for fire protection?

    <p>The domestic/industrial requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can an engineering estimate determine?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT true about groundwater supply?

    <p>Groundwater supply can be neither water wells nor water-producing springs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Water Properties and Behavior

    • Specific gravity greater than 1: Liquids like saltwater or mercury have a specific gravity over 1, indicating they are denser than water.
    • Water at 212°F (100°C): Reaches its boiling point, transitioning into steam or vapor.
    • Weight of 1 cubic foot of water: Approximately 62.4 pounds (28.3 kg).
    • Force per unit area in a liquid or gas: Known as pressure, typically measured in psi (pounds per square inch).
    • Temperature range for liquid water: Exists between 32°F (0°C) and 212°F (100°C).
    • Water below 32°F (0°C): Freezes into ice, undergoing a phase change from a liquid to a solid.

    Pressure Concepts

    • Pressure in an open vessel: Determined by the height of the liquid column above the point of measurement.
    • Atmospheric pressure: The weight of the air above a given point, usually measured in atmospheres (atm) or psi.
    • Standard atmospheric pressure at sea level: Approximately 14.7 psi or 101.3 kPa.
    • Unit for measuring water density: Typically expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³) or kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³).
    • Temperature at which water is heaviest: Water reaches maximum density at approximately 39.2°F (4°C).

    Fire Service and Water

    • Weight of ordinary water for fire protection: Around 8.34 pounds per gallon (1 kg/L).
    • Latent heat of vaporization: The amount of heat required to turn water from liquid to vapor without changing its temperature, approximately 970 BTU for one gallon.
    • Static pressure in a water distribution system: The pressure in the system when no water is flowing.
    • Residual pressure: The pressure available for firefighting after demand has been accounted for.
    • Main concern of fire departments regarding water treatment: Ensuring that water is clean and safe for firefighting operations.

    Friction Loss in Water Distribution

    • Factors causing friction loss: Pipe diameter, length, flow rate, and roughness can all affect friction loss in a water distribution system.
    • Principle governing friction loss: The Darcy-Weisbach equation relates friction loss to flow rate and pipe dimensions.
    • Advantage of larger diameter hoses or pipes: Reduces friction loss and improves flow efficiency for the same discharge.
    • Calculation of friction loss: Varied depending on flow rate and length, with a notable increase when flow is doubled or tripled.
    • Friction loss example: For a 100-foot, 8-inch diameter pipe with a flow of 2,750 gpm, friction loss is calculated based on coefficient of roughness.

    Water Treatment and Supply

    • Component removing contaminants: Water treatment facilities are responsible for filtering and purifying water supply.
    • Engineering estimate: Determines water supply needs based on demand and usage patterns.
    • City water requirements: Domestic water use typically exceeds fire protection needs in urban areas.
    • Factors that may disable pumping stations: Power outages or equipment failure can hinder water purification processes.
    • Purpose of adding fluoride or oxygen: Aims to improve water quality and promote public health.

    Miscellaneous

    • Boiling point of water at sea level: 212°F (100°C) under standard atmospheric pressure.
    • Weight of 1 liter of water: Approximately 2.2 pounds (1 kg).
    • Concept of groundwater supply: Groundwater is a crucial resource but can vary in availability and quality.
    • Noteworthy point: Engineering estimates help ensure adequate water supply for various needs.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on friction loss in pipes of varying lengths with this quiz! Learn about the relationship between pipe length and friction loss and understand how it impacts flow rates. Discover why the friction loss varies approximately with the square of the length and gain a better understanding of this important principle in fluid dynamics.

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