COPY: Marine Chapter 4: Water Wind Currents
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Questions and Answers

What is the property of water that allows it to mingle with other elements?

  • Its density
  • Its temperature
  • Its color
  • Its solvent capabilities (correct)
  • The majority of the heat transferred from the atmosphere to the earth is transferred by?

    absorption by the lithosphere

    What are the two main factors controlling the density of water?

    salinity and temperature

    At what temperature does the maximum density of pure water occur, and why?

    <p>4 degrees Celsius because below that water would be frozen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the zone of rapid temperature change called?

    <p>thermocline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The density of air increases with what?

    <p>increasing moisture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Coriolis effect?

    <p>apparent deflection of the path of air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Winds are designated from which direction?

    <p>the direction from which they are coming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gyres are divided into currents termed below, except?

    <p>ekman spiral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thermocline is a boundary between layers of water with differing what?

    <p>temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the earth consistently absorbed more energy from the sun than it radiated into space, what would happen?

    <p>the earth would grow hotter and hotter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes convection cells?

    <p>warm air rising and cool air flowing in to replace it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the Coriolis effect?

    <p>rotation of the earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are trade winds found and what direction do they blow towards?

    <p>0 degrees and 30 degrees latitude and toward the equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are polar easterlies found and in what direction do they blow?

    <p>60 degrees and 90 degrees latitude and blow towards the equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Would you expect the water at the ocean's surface near a desert to have higher or lower salinity compared to the average ocean salinity?

    <p>higher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary force that provides energy for surface currents?

    <p>wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many gyres are found in each major ocean basin?

    <p>five</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ocean gyre has a tendency to flow in a northward direction?

    <p>north Atlantic and clockwise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes deep circulation?

    <p>the mixing of water masses of different water densities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percent of ocean water is pure water?

    <p>96.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which deep, nutrient-rich water moves upward to replace surface water blown farther offshore?

    <p>upwelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deep Atlantic currents are formed largely as a result of what?

    <p>rotation of the earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are convection cells?

    <p>circular motion winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what region do the northeast and southeast trade winds meet?

    <p>at the doldrums</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the sun heat the Earth unevenly?

    <p>earth is a sphere, its tilted on its axis, is in an elliptical orbit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What direction do transverse currents flow?

    <p>west to east</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of eastern-boundary currents?

    <p>north to south to the equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain downwelling.

    <p>[Answer not provided]</p> Signup and view all the answers

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