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Rodrigo Duterte had been involved in politics his entire life, due to his father's involvement with the government as a ______ governor.
provincial
After working as a lawyer and a state ______, Rodrigo officially began his political career in 1988 when he became mayor of Davao.
prosecutor
As mayor of Davao, Duterte worked to make Davao one of the ______ places in the Philippines.
safest
During his time as mayor, he combated ______, militancy, and corruption.
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Since his election over three thousand people have been killed due to his ______ killings.
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This is a clear sign of ______ erosion for three reasons.
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The first being the ______ right violation.
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Duterte does not take the media seriously, often times using ______ language or making jokes.
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The phrase MARGINALIZED AND UNDERREPRESENTED should refer only to the ______ in Section 5, Paragraph 2 of Article VI of the 1987 Constitution.
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The economically marginalized and underrepresented are those who fall in the ______ group as classified by the National Statistical Coordination Board.
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The recognition that national and regional parties, as well as sectoral parties of ______, elderly, women, and the youth, need not be marginalized and underrepresented will allow small ideology-based and cause-oriented parties who lack well-defined political constituencies a chance to win seats in the House of Representatives.
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Limiting to the marginalized and underrepresented the sectoral parties for labor, peasant, fisherfolk, urban poor, indigenous cultural communities, ______, veterans, overseas workers, and other sectors that by their nature are economically at the margins of society.
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The 1987 ______ provides the basis for the party-list system of representation.
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The nominees of the sectoral party either must belong to the ______ or must have a track record of advocacy for the sector represented.
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Belonging to the marginalized and underrepresented sector does not mean one must wallow in ______, destitution, or infirmity.
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It is sufficient that one, or his or her sector, is below the ______ class.
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Vertical accountability is accountability “exercised by non-state actors such as ______ on state agents”.
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The bypassing of the ______ branch of government to push his agenda is a sign of democratic erosion.
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Duterte showed no remorse when asked about the ______ deaths.
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Duterte's behavior sparked international concern, particularly with the ______.
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Duterte removed the Philippines from the ______ immediately.
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Duterte distanced the Philippines from the ______ and towards China and Russia.
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The ______ is known for its democratic institutions.
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Duterte's move away from the ______ lowers the likelihood of international pressure to democratize.
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The court’s majority ordered ______’s seat vacated after acting on a petition.
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Sereno was declared an “enemy” by President ______ a month ago.
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The decision also delivers control of the Presidential Electoral Tribunal, which is currently presiding over an electoral protest seeking to nullify the ______ victory of Vice President Leni Robredo.
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Almost all of the country’s watchdog bodies – including the ______ Commission and top anti-corruption prosecutor – will shortly be headed by his appointees.
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Pre-election polls show that incumbent senators aligned with him as well as his handpicked candidates lead in next year’s ______ race.
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Duterte’s net trust rating in the first quarter of ______ still sits at a healthy 65%.
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The opposition now appears to be emerging from a prolonged state of torpor since ______’s ouster.
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Various protest actions are calling attention to unpopular policies of the administration, such as its ______ reform initiative.
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In the Philippine context, possible actions that adhere to this philosophy include rejecting the possibility of intervention from both the military and ______ insurgency;
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Such strategies will inevitably turn resistance into a long, drawn-out process and will require immense ______ – but this discipline is important if the Philippines is to avoid falling into the trap of Gamboa’s Venezuela;
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To be sure, these prescriptions work against many assumptions long held by the various opposition groups, who understandably continue to draw from their experiences resisting Ferdinand ______ and his dictatorship;
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There is hope yet that Philippine ______ may yet emerge stronger from this episode of democratic erosion – but only if the opposition is here for the long haul;
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Such discipline is called for in dealing with a threat that is simultaneously similar and different – not only from ______, but also Duterte’s contemporaries who continue to erode democracies around the world;
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Supporting the remaining viable focal points of institutional resistance such as ______ on Human Rights;
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Study Notes
Marginalized Groups in Philippine Politics
- The phrase "marginalized and underrepresented" refers to sectors mentioned in Section 5, Paragraph 2 of Article VI of the 1987 Constitution, including labor, peasant, fisherfolk, urban poor, indigenous cultural communities, handicapped, veterans, overseas workers, and similar sectors.
- These sectors are economically marginalized and underrepresented, with a majority of sectoral party members belonging to these groups or having a track record of advocacy for them.
- Belonging to these sectors does not necessarily mean living in poverty or destitution, but rather being below the middle class or falling into the low-income group as classified by the National Statistical Coordination Board.
The Party-List System
- The 1987 Constitution provides the basis for the party-list system of representation.
- Sectoral parties for labor, peasant, fisherfolk, urban poor, indigenous cultural communities, handicapped, veterans, overseas workers, and similar sectors are limited to the marginalized and underrepresented.
- This allows small ideology-based and cause-oriented parties to win seats in the House of Representatives.
Rodrigo Duterte and Democratic Erosion
- Rodrigo Duterte's political career began in 1988 when he became mayor of Davao, where he worked to make it one of the safest places in the Philippines.
- As mayor, he combated crime, militancy, and corruption, which significantly decreased during his time in office.
- Duterte's war on drugs, which involved extra-judicial killings, is a sign of democratic erosion due to human rights violations, opposition to international institutions, and potential economic sanctions.
- His behavior towards the media, using crass language and making jokes, hurts the media's ability to be a source of checks and balances on the executive.
- Duterte's bypassing of the judicial branch of government to push his agenda is another sign of democratic erosion, creating an executive branch with too much power and diminishing vertical accountability.
- He has also shown disregard for human life, comparing the 3,000 deaths to the Holocaust and showing no remorse.
Consolidation of Power
- Duterte's ousting of Chief Justice Sereno paves the way for him to appoint a loyalist to the position, giving him control of all three branches of government.
- This also puts him in control of the Presidential Electoral Tribunal, which is currently presiding over an electoral protest seeking to nullify Vice President Leni Robredo's victory.
- Duterte is poised to consolidate his power in advance of the 2019 midterm elections, with his campaign to change the constitution continuing despite popular skepticism.
- Almost all watchdog bodies, including the Election Commission and top anti-corruption prosecutor, will soon be headed by his appointees.
Opposition and Resistance
- The opposition appears to be emerging from a state of torpor, with strident rhetoric and protest actions calling attention to unpopular policies of the administration.
- Possible actions that adhere to the philosophy of resistance include rejecting the possibility of intervention from the military and communist insurgency, exhausting legal remedies, and supporting remaining viable focal points of institutional resistance.
- Such strategies will require immense discipline and may turn resistance into a long, drawn-out process, but are necessary to avoid falling into the trap of democratic erosion.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the marginalized and underrepresented sectors in Philippine politics, as outlined in the 1987 Constitution. It covers the definition and characteristics of these groups, including labor, peasants, and indigenous cultural communities.
