Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of marasmus in infants?
What is the primary cause of marasmus in infants?
- Severe protein-calorie deficiency (correct)
- Severe protein deficiency
- Chronic dehydration
- Severe vitamin deficiency
At what age does kwashiorkor typically appear?
At what age does kwashiorkor typically appear?
- Before one year of age
- Between 1 and 3 years of age (correct)
- After 5 years of age
- In early adulthood
According to dynamic systems theory, what is necessary for infants to develop motor skills?
According to dynamic systems theory, what is necessary for infants to develop motor skills?
- A strict schedule of practice
- Perception of environmental stimuli that motivate action (correct)
- Active adult supervision at all times
- A robust physical training regimen
What effect can malnutrition have on children’s cognitive development?
What effect can malnutrition have on children’s cognitive development?
What factors contribute to an infant's new motor skills according to the dynamic systems view?
What factors contribute to an infant's new motor skills according to the dynamic systems view?
Flashcards
Marasmus
Marasmus
A severe protein-calorie deficiency that causes wasting away of body tissues in infants under a year old. The infant becomes extremely underweight, and their muscles shrink.
Kwashiorkor
Kwashiorkor
A severe protein deficiency that typically appears between 1 and 3 years old. The child's abdomen and feet may swell, but vital organs hoard nutrients, leaving other parts of the body deficient. Hair becomes thin, brittle, and colorless, and the child may become sluggish.
Dynamic Systems Theory
Dynamic Systems Theory
The theory that motor skills develop through a combination of factors, including the development of the nervous system, the body's capabilities for movement, the child's goals, and environmental support. Infants actively seek out challenges to improve their motor skills.
Motor Skills
Motor Skills
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Malnutrition's Impact on Development
Malnutrition's Impact on Development
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Study Notes
Malnutrition in Infancy
- Marasmus: A life-threatening condition caused by severe protein-calorie deficiency.
- Marasmus impacts infants in the first year, leading to significant weight loss and muscle deterioration.
- Kwashiorkor: Another life-threatening condition caused by severe protein deficiency.
- Kwashiorkor typically appears between 1 and 3 years of age.
- Symptoms may include swelling in the abdomen and feet, along with thin, brittle, and colorless hair; listlessness.
- Nutrient deprivation: The body prioritizes vital organs, depriving other parts of essential nutrients.
- Cognitive development: Chronic malnutrition negatively affects attention and memory.
- Social development: Adequate nutrition improves social skills, activity, engagement, helpfulness, and reduces anxiety.
Dynamic Systems View of Motor Development
- Motor development: Infants progressively develop motor skills like rolling, sitting, and standing.
- Development order: Skills develop in a specific order and within defined time spans.
- Maturation: Motor development is partly influenced by genetic unfolding.
- Dynamic systems theory: Emphasizes integration of various factors for skill acquisition.
- Perceiving and acting: Infants perceive environmental cues that motivate actions and refine their movements.
- Goal-oriented behavior: Motor skills are essentially solutions to the infant's goals.
- Converging factors: Development encompasses nervous system maturation, physical capabilities, motivation, and environmental support.
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Description
Explore the critical aspects of malnutrition in infancy, including the life-threatening conditions of Marasmus and Kwashiorkor. Understand how nutrient deprivation and chronic malnutrition impact cognitive and social development in infants, alongside an overview of motor skill progression during early development.
