Mainframe Computers & Client-Server Architecture
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes a mainframe computer from other types of computers?

  • Its compact size, making it suitable for personal use.
  • Its capability to handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously. (correct)
  • Its exclusive use of cloud storage for data.
  • Its ability to connect to the internet wirelessly.

Which of the following describes the data processing capabilities of mainframe computers?

  • Slow processing speed but extensive data storage.
  • Limited processing speed and minimal data storage.
  • Great processing speed and vast data storage. (correct)
  • Moderate processing speed with average data storage.

In what type of environment are mainframe computers typically housed and operated?

  • Special, air-conditioned rooms due to their size and power requirements. (correct)
  • Mobile units that can be easily transported.
  • Small, isolated rooms without network connectivity.
  • Standard office environments without special requirements.

A government utilizes IT to enhance citizen services. Which of the following best exemplifies how this is achieved?

<p>Providing online platforms for citizens to conduct affairs with the government. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios exemplifies the application of a mainframe computer?

<p>An insurance company processing information for millions of policyholders. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options is the MOST direct benefit of a government providing its citizens with up-to-date information through government websites?

<p>It makes it easier for citizens to conduct their affairs with the government. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a client-server network architecture, what is the primary role of the 'client'?

<p>To request resources from the server. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Malaysian government provides several e-services. Which of the following provides a platform to file legal cases online?

<p>e-Syariah (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a server in a client-server network?

<p>To provide services and manage resources for client computers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between mainframe computers and client-server networks?

<p>Mainframe computers can function as servers in a network environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does Information Technology contribute to the publishing industry?

<p>By making works available to the public through digital newspapers and online platforms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you interact with your bank account through an ATM, which type of computer are you likely using indirectly?

<p>A mainframe computer. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the application of IT in science primarily assist researchers?

<p>By assisting with collecting, analyzing, and modeling data. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of a computer's functionality is MOST critical to its classification as a data processing device?

<p>Its ability to operate under the control of instructions stored in its own memory. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A computer performs several major functions. If a user is entering data using a keyboard, which function is being utilized?

<p>Gathering data. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST accurate and complete sequence of the four major functions a computer performs?

<p>Gathering, processing, outputting, storing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of software in Information Technology (IT)?

<p>To enable the storage, retrieval, and manipulation of information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), what is the primary focus of Information Technology?

<p>The study, design, development, and management of computer-based information systems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does Information Technology enhance self-access learning in education?

<p>By enabling learning through digital resources like online courses and e-tests, accessible anytime. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A computer on a network requests resources from a server. What is this computer commonly referred to as?

<p>Client (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has Information Technology transformed distance learning?

<p>By enabling real-time interaction between students and instructors in different physical locations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary function of a server in a network?

<p>To manage and control access to network resources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of how Information Technology is applied in healthcare?

<p>Telemedicine, which enables remote medical consultations and diagnostics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant impact of Information Technology on the finance industry?

<p>Enabling online banking and financial transactions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of system software in a computer system?

<p>To manage and control computer operations and devices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does IT contribute to advancements in science?

<p>By enabling complex data analysis and simulations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Users interact with a program through which of the following?

<p>Graphical User Interface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of IT applications, how is Medline used in healthcare?

<p>To provide comprehensive medical information and research data to healthcare professionals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of modern application software user interfaces?

<p>Text-based commands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary role of an Operating System (OS)?

<p>To manage and control computer system functions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of system software?

<p>Application Software (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which software serves as the critical intermediary between application software and a computer's hardware?

<p>Operating System (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a client-server network, what is the primary role of the server?

<p>To provide services and resources to other computers on the network. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a service typically provided in a client-server network environment?

<p>Providing a central, common file storage area. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a client-server architecture, what is the function of the client?

<p>To request services from the server. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of mainframe computers that distinguishes them from stand-alone computers?

<p>They are able to handle hundreds or thousands of simultaneous users. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which network component controls access to the network resources in a client-server model?

<p>The server. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a scenario where a user accesses a website using a web browser. According to the client-server architecture, which component is the client?

<p>The user's computer running the web browser. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of a stand-alone computer?

<p>It can perform all input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes how data is transferred in a typical client-server interaction for accessing a webpage?

<p>The client sends a request to the server, which then sends the requested web document back to the client. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of application software is specifically designed to aid users in creating visually appealing documents with text and graphics?

<p>Word processing software (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Productivity software is characterized by its ability to:

<p>Facilitate a broad range of tasks commonly needed in home, school, and business settings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of word processing software?

<p>Creating and manipulating documents containing text and graphics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical application of word processing software?

<p>Designing and delivering slide-based presentations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In addition to common tasks, application software is used to:

<p>Support home, personal, and educational tasks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes productivity software from other types of application software?

<p>Its broad applicability to common tasks across different environments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of specialized application businesses?

<p>Specifically tailored to meet unique and focused of businesses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of application software includes tools like image editing, video editing, and audio editing?

<p>Media software (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Information Technology (IT)

The use of computer hardware and software to store, retrieve, and manipulate information.

IT (as defined by ITAA)

The study, design, development, implementation, support, or management of computer-based information systems.

IT in Education

Using computers to aid and enhance learning.

Self Access Learning

Learning independently using digital resources like CDs, DVDs, or the internet.

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Distance Learning

A learning process where instructors and students are in different locations, communicating via technology.

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IT in Healthcare

Using computers for various tasks such as telemedicine and accessing medical information.

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Telemedicine

Medical practice using technology to assist diagnosis or treatment from a distance.

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Medline

An online database of medical publications and research.

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Government

Provides direction to society by creating and managing policies.

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JobsMalaysia

A Malaysian online job search portal.

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Electronic Guarantee Letter (e-GL)

Online system for guarantee letters.

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e-Syariah

Online syariah court system.

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e-PBT (e – Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan)

Electronic local authority.

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Publishing

The action of making information available to the public.

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Digital newspaper

Online version of newspapers.

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Computer

An electronic device that processes data under the control of instructions in its memory.

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Mainframe

A large, powerful computer that handles hundreds/thousands of simultaneous users.

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Mainframe Capabilities

Processing data quickly with great speed and vast amounts of storage.

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Mainframe: Multi-user

Multiple users access the computer simultaneously via remote terminals.

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Mainframe Example

Automated Teller Machines (ATMs).

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Client-Server

A network setup where computers are divided into clients and servers.

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Client (in Client-Server)

Computer on a network that requests resources from the server; also called a workstation.

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Server (in Client-Server)

Computer that controls access to resources and provides centralized storage.

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Servers

Specialized computers that provide 'services' to client computers on a network.

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Client

A computer on a network that requests resources from a server; also called a workstation.

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Software

Instructions that tell the computer what to do, enabling user interaction.

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Application Software

Software that allows users to perform specific tasks.

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Icon

A visual element representing a program.

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System Software

Programs that control and maintain computer operations and devices.

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Operating System (OS)

The main program that manages computer system functions such as memory management, process execution, and input/output operations.

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Utility Programs

Programs that manage and optimize computer performance. Examples include disk defragmenters, virus scanners and file compression tools.

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Common File Storage

A central location for storing files accessible to network users.

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Hardware Sharing

Allows multiple users to utilize a single printer or other hardware device.

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Network Access Control

Manages user access and permissions within a network.

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Shared Internet Connection

Enables multiple devices to connect to the internet through a single connection.

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Client-Server Network

A network where computers request services from a central server.

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Client-Server Architecture

A computing model where a client requests resources and services from a server.

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Stand-alone Computer

A computer that can perform all input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself.

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Mainframe Computer

A large, powerful computer that can handle hundreds/thousands of users simultaneously.

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Productivity Software

Software designed to help users perform tasks in home, school, and business. It can also be called general-purpose application.

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Word Processing Software

Software used to create and edit text-based documents, often including graphics.

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Microsoft Word & Corel WordPerfect

Two examples of word processing software

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Examples of documents created in Microsoft Word

Letters, memos, reports, fax cover sheets, mailing labels, newsletters and Web pages.

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Image editing software

Programs for editing and manipulating images.

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Video editing software

Programs for editing and manipulating video files.

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Audio editing software

Programs for recording, editing, and manipulating audio files.

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Media management software

Software used to organize and manage media files.

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Study Notes

  • This covers an introduction to computers, including information technology, its development and applications, computer classifications, and software types.

Definition of Information Technology (IT)

  • IT is the use of computer hardware and software to store, retrieve, and manipulate information.
  • The Information Technology Association of America (ITAA) defines IT as studying, designing, developing, implementing, supporting, or managing computer-based information systems.

Applications of IT

  • IT is integrated into many aspects such as manufacturing, education, travel, government, publishing, healthcare, science, finance, and everyday life

IT application

  • Computers assist educators through self-access and distance learning.
  • Self Access Learning: A learning process using CDs, DVDs, or the internet. Examples include online tuition and e-tests.
  • Instructor and student are in separate locations but can communicate via video conferencing, e-mails, and bulletin boards.
  • Medical staff use computers for various purposes, including telemedicine and accessing medical information via Medline.
  • Telemedicine enables health care professionals in separate locations to conduct live conferences on the computer.
  • Web sites offer current medical, fitness, nutrition, and exercise information through Medline.
  • Many people and companies use computers to manage finances.
  • Online Banking: Users can pay their bills via the internet.
  • Users can access financial records from anywhere.
  • Online Investing: Investors buy and sell stocks and bonds without a broker.
  • Transaction fees for each trade are less than when trading through a broker.
  • IT in travel includes car navigation by GPS, air traffic monitoring, automated tool payments, and ticket reservation systems.
  • Car Navigation System by GPS: Utilizes a combination of locating, route guidance of cars, and mapping technologies
  • The location of the car is estimated by a GPS receiver.
  • Airport air traffic controllers rely on computers to monitor air traffic.
  • Government offices commonly have websites to provide citizens with direction and up-to-date information. This service makes it easier for citizens to conduct their affairs with government and can increase government efficiency.
  • Publishing is the process of making works available to the public, which includes books, magazines, newspapers, videos, etc.

Computer Definition

  • A computer is an electronic device that operates under the control of instructions stored in its memory.
  • It gathers data or allows users to input data, processes data into information, outputs data or information, and stores data and information.

Mainframe Computers

  • Mainframes are powerful computers that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously (multi-user).
  • Insurance companies use mainframes to process information about millions of policyholders.
  • Mainframes are often kept in special, air-conditioned rooms and used by large businesses, government offices, or universities.
  • Mainframes allow several users to use the computer simultaneously via remote screens and keyboards and are for large scale computing purposes.
  • Using an automated teller machine (ATM) to interact with a bank account involves using a mainframe.

Client-Server Networks

  • Client-server networks include computers connected together to create a network, these fall into two categories: clients and servers.
  • Clients: Computers on a network that request resources from the server, also called a workstation.
  • Servers: Computers that control access to hardware, software, and other network resources, providing centralized storage. A server can be a mainframe used in a network environment.
  • Servers provide services to client computers, including file storage, hardware sharing, network access control, and sharing internet connections.
  • Client-server architecture involves the user's PC (client) requesting and the sever as the supplying machine, which are both connected via LAN or WAN.

Software

  • Called as a program, and contains series of instructions to do tasks and interact with computer
  • Interaction is typically done through a user interface, nowadays a graphical user interface (GUI)
  • Interaction with the GUI is done through text, graphics, and visual images (icons), where each icon represents a program.

System Software

  • A type of program that controls or maintains the operations of the computer and it's devices
  • Interacts with the user, application software and the computers hardware
  • Uses operating systems(OS) and Utility programs

Operating System

  • This is the main program that controls function of computer, and manages hardware, memory, storage devices as well as peripheral devices.
  • In most cases the OS is installed and resides on the computer's hard disk, but also in ROM chips on handheld computers.
  • Popular operating systems include Windows 7, Linux, and Mac OS X

Utility Program

  • This type of system software allows as a user to perform maintenance-type tasks, usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs

Application Software

  • It consists of programs designed to assist users to be more productive, and assist with personal tasks of variety of uses
  • It makes buisness activities more efficient, and assists with graphic and multimedia projects, including supporting home, personal and educational tasks as well as facilitating communication
  • productivity is a basic application
  • Examples include word processing, spreadsheet and databse

Application Software

  • It consists of programs that allow a user to creatre visual aids for presentations to communicate ideas, messages and other information to a group
  • This software provides a variety of presentation formats, includes clip gallery and incorporates features such as voice input.

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Introduction to Computer: Applications and Classifications PDF

Description

Explore the characteristics, data processing capabilities, and typical environments of mainframe computers. Understand the client-server model along with its components and functions. Investigate the applications within government, from citizen services to e-filing systems.

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