Introduction to Computer: Applications and Classifications PDF

TOPIC 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER COMPUTER SKILL AND TECHNOLOGY TCL0052 TOPIC 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER Chapter Overview 1. Information Technology 2. Development of Information Technology 3. Application of Information Technology 4....

TOPIC 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER COMPUTER SKILL AND TECHNOLOGY TCL0052 TOPIC 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER Chapter Overview 1. Information Technology 2. Development of Information Technology 3. Application of Information Technology 4. Categories/Classification of Computer 5. Software and System Software DEFINITION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY  Information Technology (IT) is defined as the use of computer hardware and software to store, retrieve, and manipulate information.  http://www.mariosalexandrou.com/definition.asp  http://ccs.mit.edu/21c/iokey.html computer hardware store, retrieve & information and software manipulate 3 DEFINITION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY  Information Technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), is “the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems”. 4  Chapter 1 Introduction To Information Technology 1.1.2 The application of Information Technology 5 5  IT Applications MANUFACTURING PUBLISHING EDUCATION HEALTH CARE IT in TRAVEL everyday SCIENCE life GOVERNMENT FINANCE 6 6  IT APPLICATION- 1. Education Today, educators are turning to computers to assist with education. Applications : Self access learning Distance learning 7 7  IT APPLICATION- 1. Education  a) Self Access Learning  Learning process by using Compact Disc (CD), Digital Video Disc (DVD) or via Internet e.g: Online Tuition, e-test 8 8  IT APPLICATION- 1. Education  b) Distance Learning The instructor and student in physically separate locations but can communicate via video conferencing, e-mails and bulletin boards. 9 9  IT APPLICATION- 2. Health Care The medical staffs around us will be using computers for various purposes. Applications : Telemedicine Medline Teaching physical education by using software application. 10 10  IT APPLICATION- 2. Health Care ▪ Telemedicine Health care professionals in separate locations conduct live conferences on the computer. 11 11  IT APPLICATION- 2. Health Care ▪ Medline Many Web sites provide up-to-date medical, fitness, nutrition or exercise information. https://tallypress.com/fun/6-medical-apps- available-in-malaysia/ 12 12  IT APPLICATION- 3. Finance Many people and companies use computer to help manage their finance. Applications : Online banking Online investing 13 13  IT APPLICATION- 3. Finance ▪ Online banking Users can pay their bills via the Internet 14 14  IT APPLICATION- 3. Finance Advantages: Users can access financial records from anywhere from the world. 15 15  IT APPLICATION- 3. Finance ▪ Online Investing Investors use online investing to buy and sell stocks and bonds without using a broker. With online investing, the transaction fee for each trade is much less than when trading through a broker. 16 16  IT APPLICATION- 4. Travel Application : Car Navigation System by Global Positioning System (GPS) Airport – air traffic Automatic toll payment system Ticket reservation system 17 17  IT APPLICATION- 4. Travel 1. Car Navigation System by Global Positioning System (GPS) Combined technology of locating, mapping and route guidance of cars The location of the car is estimated by a GPS receiver. EXAMPLE: Waze Google Map 18 18  IT APPLICATION- 4. Travel 2. Airport – air traffic  The workers in airport tower rely on computers to help monitor air traffic 19 19  IT APPLICATION- 4. Travel 3. Automatic Toll Payment System By using a Smart card that contains microchip technology embedded in it https://www.shopify.com/my/retail/rfid-technology 20 20  IT APPLICATION- 4. Travel ⚫ 4. TICKET RESERVATION SYSTEM ⚫TRAVELING BECOMES REALLY EASY AND CONVENIENT. ⚫ DON'T HAVE TO QUEUES ANYMORE. ⚫ JUST SIT IN FRONT OF YOUR COMPUTER AND KNOW WHAT FLIGHTS / TRAINS / BUS ARE AVAILABLE TO THE DESTINATION OF YOUR CHOICE. 21 IT APPLICATION- 4. Travel Airline Companies 22  IT APPLICATION- 5. Government A government provides society with direction by making and administering policies. To provide citizens with up-to-date information, most government offices have Web sites. ⚫ It can provide a better service to citizens. ⚫ This service makes it easier for citizens to conduct their affairs with government. ⚫ It can increase efficiency of government. 23  IT APPLICATION- 5. Government  JobsMalaysia  Electronic Guarantee Letter (e-GL)  e - Syariah  e - PBT (e – Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan)  e – Filing (e.g: e.hasil.gov.my)  e - Khidmat (e.g: jpj.myeg.com.my)  e - Perolehan  Management Information System (MIS) (e.g: mis.kmm.matrik.edu.my) SANGGAGAGAKPUTIH.BLOGSPOT.COM 24 24 IT APPLICATION- 6. Manufacturing 25 25  IT APPLICATION- 7. Publishing Publishing is the process of making works available to the public. These works include books, magazines, newspaper, video, etc. Many publishers make their works available online. 26 26  IT APPLICATION- 7. Publishing  Digital newspaper 27 27  IT APPLICATION- 8. Science - All branches of science use IT to assist them with collecting, analyzing and modelling data.  Examples:  Cochlear implant (allow a deaf person to listen) 28 28  Chapter 1 Introduction To Information Technology 1.1.2 Classifications/Categories of Computer 29 29  An electronic device For data Processing Computer is a data processing device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory. Computer can performs four major functions : 1. It gathers data (or allows user to input data) 2. It process data into information 3. It outputs data or information 4. It stores data and information 7/30/2024 30 MAINFRAMES  A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously (multi-user). 31 MAINFRAMES Mainframe computers are typically:  Powerful:  They can process vast amounts of data, very quickly, or in other words  They are capable of great processing speed & data storage.  Example: Insurance company uses mainframes to process information about millions of policyholders.  Large:  Able to store tremendous amounts of data, instructions & information.  Physically, they are often kept in special, air-conditioned rooms; used by large businesses, government offices, or universities. 32 MAINFRAMES..CONT Mainframe computers are typically:  Multi-user:  They allow several users (sometimes hundreds) to use the computer at the same time, connected via remote terminals (screens and keyboards), therefore a high- performance computer used for large-scale computing purposes. 33 APPLICATION OF MAINFRAMES Example:  If you used an automated teller machine (ATM) to interact with your bank account, you used a mainframe. 34 CLIENT-SERVER  Computers connected together to create a network which fall into two categories: clients (workstations) and servers. The Client The Server Computer on a network that requests Computer that controls access to the resources from the server. Also called hardware, software, and other a workstation. resources on a network, and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. Note: Server can be a mainframe computer used in a network environment. 35 SERVERS  Servers are special, powerful computers that provide ‘services’ to the client computers on the network.  These services might include:  Providing a central, common file storage area  Sharing hardware such as printers  Controlling who can or can’t have access the network  Sharing Internet connections 36 CLIENT-SERVER NETWORK  Client-server network: Network in which one or more computers act as a server, and the other computers (clients) on the network request services from the server. 37 CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE  An architecture in which the user's PC (the client) is the requesting machine, and the server is the supplying machine, both of which are connected via a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN) such as the Internet. 38 CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE 1. Request sent for: Client: http://www.yahoo.com Server: Your computer with With address a Web browser such http://www.yahoo.com as Google Chrome 2. Web document sent back to client by server 3. This is what displayed through your Web browser 39  This table summarizes some of the differences among the categories of computers. This is a general guideline because of rapid changes in technology. Categories of Computers Category Physical Size Users General Characteristics Stand-alone computer Fits on a desk Usually one Able to perform all of its input, (can be more if processing, output, and storage networked) activities by itself. Mainframes Partial room to Hundreds to A large, expensive, powerful a full room of thousands computer that can handle equipment hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously (multi-user). Clients / Fits on a desk One to Computer on a network that hundreds requests resources from the server. Also called a workstation. Servers Small cabinet Two to Computer that controls access to thousands the hardware, software, and other resources on a network, and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information.  System software Software also called a program, is a series of Application software instruction that tells the computer what to do and how to do it which provide means for us to interact with and use the computer. 1. You interact with a program through its user interface. 2. Nowadays, with a graphical user interface (GUI) 3. You can interact with the software using text, graphics, and visual images (icons). 4. An icon is a miniature image that represents a program. 7/30/2024 41  System software consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices. It serves as the interface between the user, the application software, Two types of system software : and the computer’s 1. Operating system (OS) hardware. 2. Utility programs 7/30/2024 42  APPLE CORPORATION Operating system (OS) is the main program that controls how your computer system functions. The MICROSOFT CORPORATION OS manages the computer hardware, including the processor (CPU) , memory, and storage devices as MAC well as peripheral devices such as the monitor and printer. In most cases, the operating system is installed and resides on the computer’s hard disk. On handheld computers and many mobile devices, the OS may reside on a ROM chip. Read Only Memory : a memory chips storing permanent data and instructions which cannot be modified since manufactured. Three popular personal computer operating systems are : Comes from various company 1. Windows 7 (eg. Red Hat, Lycoris, 2. Linux (Free OS on the Internet for programmers) SuSe etc) 3. Mac OS X 7/30/2024 43  Utility program is a type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks, usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs. Utility programs included with most operating systems provide the following functions : 1. File manager 2. Image viewer 3. Personal firewall 4. Uninstaller 5. Disk Scanner 6. Disk defragmenter 7. Diagnostic Utility 8. Backup Utility 9. Screen saver 7/30/2024 ICT SKILL (TCL 0822) 44 Application software Application software consists of programs designed to make users more productive and / assist them with personal tasks. Application software has a variety of uses : 1. To make business activities more efficient. 2. To assist with graphics and multimedia projects. 3. To support home, personal, and educational tasks. 4. To facilitate communications. 7/30/2024 45 BASIC APPLICATION Productivity Word processing Presentation Spreadsheet Database Media Image editing Video editing Audio editing Media management APPLICATION Gaming Reference SOFTWARE Home/Entertainment Education Drawing Home business Business Large business Specialized business Web-based E-mail Web browser MapQuest Blogging Games Video conferencing SPECIALIZED APPLICATION 7/30/2024 46 Productivity Software Basic application is called general-purpose or Word processing productivity application. Spreadsheet Presentation Productivity software includes programs that Database enable you to perform various tasks generally required in home, school and business.  Productivity Software Word Processing allows users to create and manipulate Word processing documents containing mostly text and sometimes Microsoft word graphics. Word processing software has many features Corel WordPerfect to make documents look professional and visually appealing. Develop documents : letters , memos, reports, fax, cover sheets, mailing labels, A major advantage of using word processing software newsletters and Web pages. easily can insert, delete, and move pieces of text make revisions and corrections has formatting options to ✓ change fonts, fonts styles, and sizes, add colors to text, adjust margins, ✓ add borders to portions of text or entire pages, ✓ insert bulleted and numbered lists and organized text into columns. can insert pictures from your own files or from a gallery of images called clip art. Creating Report  Productivity Software Spreadsheet Spreadsheet software enables you to do calculations Microsoft Excel and numerical analyses easily. It allows users to Lotus 1-2-3 organize data in rows and columns to perform the Corel Quattro Pro calculations on data. Organize numerical data: keep A major use of spreadsheet : track on daily expenses, create to track your expenses simple budget, planning the to create a simple budget best payment strategy Spreadsheet features : Worksheet is the basic element in a spreadsheet program, which is a grid consisting of columns and rows. Workbook is the spreadsheet program itself. Calculations on functions and formulas. Charting which depicts the data in graphical form.  Creating Sales Forecast Creating Chart  Productivity Software Database Database is a collection of data organized in a manner Microsoft Access that allows access, retrieval and use of that data. Corel Paradox Lotus Approach Database software is application software that allows user manage larger and more complicated groups of Complex electronic filing : data that contain more than one table or to group, sort database for online business, and retrieve data and to generate reports. employee database, student database Database Software features : consists of collection of tables, organized in a rows and columns The tables of data can relate with one another (relationship) Can run queries to retrieve data can take the results of a query and present it as report can build form format to ease client’s data entry and review. Form Creating database Creating Query  Productivity Software Presentations graphics is application software that Presentation allows user to create visual aids for presentations to Microsoft PowerPoint communicate ideas, messages, and other information to Corel Presentations a group. Lotus Freelance Graphics Presentation Graphics Software features : Create visual aids : presentation slides, dynamic provides variety of predefined presentation formats slideshow that define complementary colors for backgrounds, text and graphical accents on the slides. includes a clip gallery that provides images, pictures, video clips, and audio clips to enhance multimedia presentations. incorporates features such as voice input, research, ink input, and converting an existing slide show into a format for the World Wide Web.